山東省臨沂市2022-2023學(xué)年高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)期中考試英語試卷(含答案)

山東省臨沂市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一'閱讀理解

SunsetPaddle（劃槳）TripinJohnsonvilleStateHistoricPark

Time:6:00pm-8:00pm,August3.

Gatheringplace:Followingthebluedirectionalsignsattheparkentrance.

REGISTERFORTHEEVENT

Joinusforarelaxingpaddletrip,whichwillbeledbyparkkeepersasweexplorethe

shoresofKentuckyLake.TogetherwewillsearchhistoricsitesassociatedwiththeCivilWar

andTownErahistoryofOldJohnsonville.Aswekilltimeintheevening,we'llkeepa

lookoutforwildlifeandenjoyanabsolutelyamazingsunsetovertheTennesseeRiver.

Anyonecanjointhetrip;nopreviouspaddlingexperienceisnecessary.Parkkeepersleading

thetripareexperiencedpaddlersthatarecertifiedinCPRinfirstaid.

ADDITIONALPROGRAMINFORMATION—RENTEDCANOES（獨(dú)木舟）

$20acanoeisfornon-membersand$15acanoeformembers.Amaximumof6canoesare

availabletorentforthistrip.Eachcanoeislimitedto3adultsor2adults/2children.Canoes,

paddles,andlifejacketsareprovidedatthesametime.Freelifejacketsandliabilitywaivers

（安全免責(zé)書）arerequiredforallparticipants.

Nopetswillbepermittedonthistripastheymaydisturbwildlifewemaybetryingtoview.

Thetripwillbecalledoffintheeventofsevereweatherandarefundcanbeappliedfor.The

decisiontocalloffthetripshouldbemadebefore12:00pmonthedaypriortothetrip.

Otherwisenorefundwillbeissued.

NOTICE

Youarerecommendedtowearwater-resistantclothesandshoes,aswellasahat.Youneed

tobringawaterbottle.Sunscreenandbugspraywillbeavailableifneeded.Check-inwill

beginat5:45pm;don'tbelate.

1.Whatcanvisitorsdoduringtheirtrip?

A.Watchsomewildlife.B.LearntoperformCPR.

C.Haveapicnicbytheriver.D.Visithistoricsitesonanoldlake.

2.Howmuchwill18adultvisitorspayatleasttorentcanoeswithoutmembership?

A.75dollars.B.90dollars.C.120dollars.D.180dollars.

3.Whatisamustforvisitorstotakethetrip?

A.Signingliabilitywaivers.B.Havingpaddlingexperience.

C.Reservingtheticketsinadvance.D.Bringingtheirwater-resistantclothes.

Formostofusteachingseventh-graderEnglishwouldbesimilartoteachingflying

monkeystosit.Justthinkingaboutit,wemightfeelfrustrated.ButitwasnotforMissSmith.

For40years,shestoodinfrontofherclassroom,tappingtheblackboardwherean

inspirationalquotewasdrawnneatly."Openyournotebookandwrite,“shewouldinstruct.If

astudentwaslate,shewouldsimplysay,"Writeaboutwhyyouarelatetoday."Thecontent

andstyledidn'tmatter.Itwastheconnectionofthoughttopaperthatwastheaim.

Ifyouwritelongenough,thesethoughtswillturnintofeelingsandfeelingsonpaper

becomevisible,clearenoughtoexamine.Theanxietyofseventh-graders,thepuberty（青春

期）crisisandthemixtureofemotionsneedawayout.MissSmithknewthat.Sheknewher

teenagestudentsneededtodeveloptheirownguidancesystems,ortheyneededtodealwith

theforcesthatsurroundedthem.

ThequotesMissSmithcarefullywroteonthechalkboardwereinspirational,andcould

encourageself-reflection.Mostofthenotebookswerefilledwithsillynonsense,likelooking

forwardtopancakesforlunch,orworse,lineafterlinestatingthattheydidn'tknowwhatto

writethen.Regardlessofthose,MissSmithreadeveryentryandinneatredhandwriting,

wrotenotesofencouragementandpraise.

ShewouldreadShakespeareandaskhowRomeomusthavefeltaboutbeingrejectedby

hisfriendsandfamily.Thecharactersintheliteraturegavestudentspermissiontoget

emotionalgrowthinasafeway,andthewordsinsidethosenotebooksbecamemoreandmore

personalastimewenton.Thosewhousedtobeproblemstudentsandneedsavinglater

becamejournalistsandfictionwriters.

Noonewoulddisagreethatshemadeeverystudentfeeltheyarenotonlywhattheyare

nowbuttheyaremore.Thatpointdrovethemtoworkhardandseewhatthat"more"was

goingtobe.ThisisthegreatestcharmofMissSmith.

4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMissSmith?

A.Shewaseasytogetfrustratedwithherjob.

B.Shealwaysgotstudentstoexpressfeelingsbywriting.

C.Shewasassignedtoteachtheworstclassintheschool.

D.ShehadtaughttheEnglishwritingcourseforfortyyears.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph2probablyreferto?

A.Theadvantagesofrecordinglifeonpaper.

B.Theimportanceofpubertyforachild'sdevelopment.

C.Thedifficultyofunderstandingandguardingchildren'srights.

D.Thecharacteristicsofteenagechildrenandthecopingmethods.

6.Whafsthefeatureofthesentencesinmoststudents9originalnotebooks?

A.They'renearlymeaningless.

B.They'requotesfromfamouspeople.

C.They'reagreatencouragementtostudents.

D.They'reinspirationalandsetpeoplethinking.

7.WhafstheauthormainlytryingtoshowinParagraph4?

A.MissSmithtreatsherstudentsequally.

B.MissSmithhasawideknowledgeofliterature.

C.MissSmith'steachingmethodsturnoutsuccessful.

D.MissSmithteachesstudentsaccordingtotheirpotential.

Wehumansoftensaythatagrowlingdogis“angry“orapurringcatis“happy”.Butthose

termsareoflittleusetoscientistslikeDavidAndersonwhostudiesthebraincircuits（月底回路）

involvedinemotionalbehaviors.

“Wehavetodomorethanjustprojectourownemotionsontootheranimals,“hesays.Yet

Andersondescribesresearchfromhislabthatsuggeststhebraincircuitsunderlyinghuman

emotionshavealotincommonwithcircuitsfoundinanimals'."Whatliesbeneathfeelings,"

hesays,“isbrainstatesthatproducecertainbehaviors.Andthafsthepartofemotionswe

shareincommonwithanimalsandthatscientistscanstudy.”

Forexample,Anderson'slabhasinvestigatedfruitfliesthatbecomemuchmoreactive

whentheyseeamovingshadowlookingliketheirnaturalenemy."Weseethatthemore

timeswedelivertheshadowthejumpierthefliesbecome/9hesays.Andtheflieskeep

jumpinglongaftertheshadowisgone.Andersonwouldbehavemuchthesameifhesawa

snake."I'djumpintheair,“hesays."Evenforminutesafterthesnakehadslippedawayinto

thebushes,myheartwouldbepounding,andI'dprobablyjumpeverytimeIsawasnakelike

object-evenifitwasastick."

Thatsortofbehavioristypicalofanongoingbrainstatecalleddefensivearousal（防御性

喚醒）.IfspresentinbothfruitfliesandpeoplewhichiswhyAndersonbelievesstudyingfear

ofaninsectoramouseismeaningfulasitcanrevealalotabouthumanemotions."Wecan

trytofigureouthowthebrainisgeneratingthatstateandwhatmakestheanimalfinallycalm

down,^^Andersonsays."Wenowunderstandspecificpartsofthecircuitthatincreasefearand

otherpartsofthecircuitthatdecreasefbar,“Andersonsays.Thenextstep,hesays,isto

figureouthowtotweakthatcircuittoreducethefearresponseofpeoplewithcertaindiseases

likePTSD.

8.WhatdoesAndersonthinkaboutpeople'scommondescriptionofanimalsemotions?

A.Itislimitedbypeople'sknowledgeofbrainfunctions.

B.Itistoosubjectivetoberegardedasscientificevidence.

C.Itisactuallysomemisunderstandingofanimalsbehavior.

D.Itismeaninglesstothestudyofanimals9emotionalbehavior.

9.WhyaretheexamplesmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Toprovetheeffectofnaturalenemiesonflies'behavior.

B.Toshowsimilaritiesbetweenhumanandanimalemotions.

C.TomentionthegreatinfluenceofAnderson'sbadexperience.

D.Tostresstheeffectsofnegativeemotionsonpeopleandanimals

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tweak“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Replace.B.Predict.C.Adjust.D.Observe.

11.Whatwillthefurtherresearchmainlyfocuson?

A.Lookingbeyondhumanfeelings.

B.Figuringoutmorehumanbrainstates.

C.Findingacureforcertainmentaldiseases.

D.Changingtraditionalwaysoftreatinganimals.

Awell-intentionedsolutionisoftenofferedtoclimate-consciousconsumers:toreplace

beefonourplateswithchicken.Whileonpaperthisbringsdownanindividual'sdietary

carbonfootprint,inpracticethiswouldmeanthatbillionsmoreanimalswillbekilledeach

year.Meanwhile,evenmorefactoryfarmscontinuetoharmtheclimateandushumansinthe

process.Muchcanbedebatedaboutthebestwaytodealwithclimatechangebutoneofits

sourcesisundoubtedlytrue:thewayweproducefood——specificallymeat-spellsdisasterfor

ourplanet.

Ifstruethatforeverygramofprotein,conventionalbeefhasalmost10timesthecarbon

footprintofchicken.Beefuses23timesasmuchfarmlandand3timesasmuchwater.But

theconsumptionshiftfrombeeftochickeniscontributingtoacrisisofanotherkind.

Approximately134chickensmustbekilledtoproduceonecow'sworthofmeat,whichis

extremelycruelandenvironmentallyunfriendly,causingdeadzonesandhavingdamaging

chaineffectsonthecommunitieslivingnearthesefacilitieswhosehealth,watersupply,and

qualityoflifeareaffectedbythispollution.

Themostinfluentialdietarychangewecanmaketoreduceourindividualinfluenceon

animalsandtheenvironmentisactuallytoshiftfromconventionallyproduced,factory-

farmedanimalproductstopasture-based（基于牧場(chǎng)的）meat,eggsordairyproductsand

plant-basedproteinsources.Ifsnotall-or-nothing.TheaverageAmericancouldcuttheir

diet-relatedenvironmentalinfluencesbynearlyhalfjustbyeatinglessmeatandfewereggs

anddairyproducts.Gradually,individualchangescanadduptoabigdifferencetoboth

animalsandtheenvironment,buttheresponsibilityshouldn'tfallonindividualsalone.We

urgentlyneedourgovernmenttostopenforcingthisdisastroussystemandredirectsupportto

morehumane,sustainablefoodandproductionmethods.

Tospareanimalsfromsuffering,slowdownclimatechangeandsafeguardourfoodsystem,

weneedtotakefactoryfarmingoffthetable.It'stimetostopleapingfromthefryingpanto

thefireandrethinkourfoodsystem.

12.Whatcanweknowaboutthe"well-intentionedsolution^^?

A.Itisactuallyarecipefordisaster.

B.Itworkswellinreducingthecarbonfootprint.

C.Itmeansachangeinourwayofraisinganimals.

D.Itwasputforwardbyclimate-consciousconsumers.

13.HowdoestheauthorarguehispointinParagraph2?

A.Bydoingsurveys.B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Byreferringtopapers.D.Byusingpersuasivedata.

14.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theeffortthegovernmenthasputintothefoodsystem.

B.Influencespeople'seatinghabithasontheenvironment.

C.Thechangesindividualsandthegovernmentshouldmake.

D.Measuresthegovernmentcantaketolimithumanactivities.

15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthetext?

A.It'snecessarytosaynotofactoryfarming.

B.It'stimetoreplacebeefonourplateswithchicken.

C.Weneedtotakeanimal-basedproductsoffourtable.

D.Turningfromfactoryfarmingtopasturefarmingtakestime.

二、七選五

16.Noone'sperfect.Here,Kamranexplainswhyhebelievesperfectionisn'tarealistic

goal.

Youarechasingamyth.(D_Soit'sexhaustingkeepingupwiththeidea,inyourhead,

ofwhatperfectionis.You'llbeconstantlyupdatingyourconceptofitfromonedaytothe

next.Thiscanleadtoyoubeingoverlyself-critical.Insteadoffeelinghappywithwhat

you'veachieved,youfeeldissatisfied.

②Aconstantreachforperfectioncanbeverydistractingfromthepresentmoment.

Whenyougettoacertainplacethatyou'veworkedtowards,insteadofnoticingit,embracing

itandenjoyingit,youswitchtowantingmore.Thisleadsyouintoatrapofconstantlyre-

evaluatingareasofyourlife.Lifecanactuallybeverygoodinthepresentmoment,likewhen

you'reappreciatingfriendsandfamilyandcelebratingthelittlewins.(3)

(4)Withoutrealizing,youcanendupfindingandpickingoutimperfectionsinothers

andbecominganoverlycriticalpersonwhoexpectstoomuch.Youmightfindpeoplewantto

distancethemselvesfromyou,oryoumayfindchallengesarisingmorefrequentlyinyour

personalrelationships.

Yourmentalhealthcansuffer.Notonlymightyoufeelanxiousthatyou'renotwhereyou

wanttobeinlife,youmayfeelemotionallylowasaresultofdesiringperfectionand

constantlycritiquingaspectsofyourlife.⑤Theyarementally,emotionallyand

physicallydrainingandcanleaveyoufeelingburntoutorevendepressed.

A.You'llnotabandonit.

B.Perfectiondoesn'texist.

C.Youmightjudgeothersunfairly.

D.Youwon'tenjoythesmallthings.

E.Thiscancausefeelingsofbeingdefeated.

F.Exercisecanhelpremovethebadfeelings.

G.Allthesecangounnoticedifyou'refocusedonfuture-basedthinking.

三、完形填空(15空)

In2005,asheepherder(牧羊人)，SanuSherpa,inaremotevillageofNepaPseastern

mountainregioncametoKathmandu.

SanuSherpahad1ofmakingagoodlifehere.Atthesametime,healsohada2of

becomingaclimbingguide,awell-paidandrespected3Heinitiallyworkedasaporter.

In2006Sanubecameamountaineerafter4climbingChoOyuinhisfirst5After16

years,Sanuhassetanewworldrecordinmountaineeringhistory.

The47-year-oldSherpahasbecomethefirstclimberintheworldto6theplanefs14

highestmountains,notonce,buttwice——afeatthatnootherclimberhas7.

Sanu'sjourneyhasitsown8Hehastofacea(n)9factthatovertheyears,many

Sherpashavediedwhile10foreignclimbersuptothepeaks.However,overcoming

difficultiestostandonpeaksgiveshimagreatsenseofexcitement.

“AclimbingSherpaisahero.Thatreally11me/9saidSanu."Climbingall14peaks

above8000metreswas12notinmymind.Butafterreachingfourpeaksin2021,I

startedthinking,'Whynototherpeaks'?"Hethencarriedouttheplan13.

“Ididn'tthinkIcouldstandonpeaksagainandagainwhenIwasaporter.Soforpeople

whoadmireothersandfeel14aboutthemselvesjust15yourworriesandgetstarted.

17.A.dreamtB.approvedC.heardD.spoken

18.A.goalB.taskC.rightD.chance

19.A.titleB.jobC.fieldD.honour

20.A.hurriedlyB.anxiouslyC.successfullyD.cautiously

21.A.stageB.attemptC.sectionD.contest

22.A.appreciateB.discoverC.observeD.challenge

23.A.achievedB.rememberedC.imaginedD.predicted

24.A.advantagesB.approachesC.limitationsD.adventures

25.A.depressingB.arguableC.interestingD.impressive

26.A.persuadingB.guidingC.invitingD.pushing

27.A.changesB.improvesC.surprisesD.attracts

28.A.constantlyB.originallyC.occasionallyD.finally

29.A.doubtfullyB.reliablyC.firmlyD.faithfully

30.A.disappointedB.regretfulC.impatientD.unconfident

31.A.expressB.removeC.shareD.control

四、短文填空

32.Someoftheworld'sleadingvaccinemakersaredevelopingbirdflushotstoprepare

①possibleoutbreaksofthesicknessinhumans.

Birdflu,oravian(鳥類的)flu,is②(official)knownasH5N1.Thevirususually③

(spread)amongdifferentkindsofpoultry(家禽).Humaninfectionsremainveryrare.

Butmosthumancaseshavebeenlinkedtodirectcontactwith(4)(infect)birds.

Now,severallargevaccinedevelopers⑤(work)onbirdfluvaccinestogetreadyfor

thepossibilitythattheviruscouldonedayjumptohumans.

Onecurrentoutbreakinvolvesanavianfluversion⑥hasalreadykilledrecord

numbersofbirdsandsomeotheraffectedanimals.Inaddition,therehasbeen⑦push

amongcompaniestodevelopavaccinetobegivendirectlytopoultry.Suchamarketcould

bemuch（8）（large）thantheoneforhumans.Vaccine⑨（professional）told

Reutersthathundredsofmillionsofbirdflushotscouldbemanufacturedwithinmonthsifa

newvariant（變種）ofthevirusstartsspreadingamonghumans.

Aninternationalagreement⑩（cover）pandemicflusetsaside10percentof

worldwidesupplyfortheWorldHealthOrganizationtosharewithlow-andmiddle-income

countries.

五、首字母填空

33.Thesunefrombehindthecloudsandthemountainwasbathedingolden

light.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）

34.Thecontestisopentobothaandprofessionalparticipants.（根據(jù)首字母單

詞拼寫）

六、單詞拼寫

35.Sheburstintotears,r（發(fā)泄，釋放）allhersorrowfulemotions.（根據(jù)中英文

提示填空）

36.Asharedbikeislefta（舍棄的）atabusstop.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）

37.Themuseumhostssixp（永久的）galleries,ensuringthatthereissomething

foreveryvisit.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）

七、書面表達(dá)

38.假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席，你們市下周日將要舉行王羲之書法藝術(shù)展，請(qǐng)你向校英

文報(bào)寫一則書面通知，號(hào)召大家觀看展覽，內(nèi)容包括：

L王羲之及其代表作；

2.展出時(shí)間地點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容；

3.參展注意事項(xiàng)。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

參考詞匯：書法家calligrapher書法calligraphy《蘭亭集序》PrefacetoLantingPavilion

Collection

Notice

TheStudents9Union

八、讀后續(xù)寫

39.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短

文。

Iwasashy13-year-oldboythatyearafraidtospeakbeforepeopleandpoorat

communicatingwithothers.Myparentswereworriedsotheyintroducedapart-timejobina

restauranttomeduringthesummervacation,hopingitwouldmakeadifferencetome.

AlthoughIhateditanddidn'tbelieveitwouldbringanychangetome,Ihadtoacceptit.The

part-timejobfellonMondayofeachweek.

OnthefirstMonday,Isimplydarednotlookatpeopleintherestaurant.AndwhenIwas

speakingwiththem,myfaceturnedredandmyvoicewaslow.Onmywaybackhome,Ifelt

sobad.ButwhenIreachedhome,mybadfeelingsdisappeared.Ifoundmyparentshad

broughthomeapetcat,whichIhadexpectedtogetforalongperiodoftime.Thecatwasso

lovely.

However,oneThursday,hesecretlyranoutanddisappeared.Welookedforhim

everywherethewholedaybutfoundnothing.Welivedinthecity,closetoahigh-trafficroad,

andthiscatdidn'thave“streetsmarts".Iguessedhewouldprobablydieandwouldn'tbe

homeagain.Andafterthreedaysoflookingforthecatwithnosignofhim,Iquitebelieved

hewouldn'tbehomeagain.Myparentstoldme“Amiracle（奇跡）mayhappenaslongas

youdon'tgiveup."However,Iquitedoubtedit.

OnthemorningofthefollowingMonday,Ileftforwork45minutesearlierandstarted

walkingtothebusstopablockaway.Whilewaitingforthebusthere,Ithoughtaboutthe

workandfeltupset.Itwouldn'tbehelpfultomeanditwastiring!HowmuchIwantedto

quitthejob!Andthinkingofthecat,Ifeltevenworse.

Sinceitwasstillearly,Isuddenlywantedtosparesometimetolookforthecatagain

thoughIhadlittlehope.Itoldmyself^”IfIstillfailtofindhimthistime,Iwon'tlookforhim

again."Then,Idecidedtowalktothenextbusstoptolookforhimaround.Minuteslater,

suddenly,adirtyandweakcatsittingbyatreecaughtmyeye.

注意:

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Myeyeswidened,andIwassurprisedtofinditwasjustourcat.

Encouraged,Irushedtothebusstopanddecidednottogiveupthepart-timejob.

參考答案

1.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)REGISTERFORTHEEVENT部分中的關(guān)鍵句“Aswekill

timeintheevening,we511keepalookoutforwildlifeandenjoyanabsolutelyamazingsunset

overtheTennesseeRiver."（當(dāng)我們?cè)谕砩舷r(shí)間時(shí)，我們可以觀賞野生動(dòng)物，欣賞田

納西河上絕對(duì)令人驚嘆的日落。）可知，旅途中，我們可以觀賞野生動(dòng)物，由此可知，

游客在旅途中可以觀賞一些野生動(dòng)物。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ADDITIONALPROGRAMINFORMATION—RENTED

CANOES（獨(dú)木舟）下第一段關(guān)鍵句“$20acanoeisfornon-membersand$15acanoefor

members.Amaximumof6canoesareavailabletorentforthistrip.Eachcanoeislimitedto

3adultsor2adults/2children1非會(huì)員20美元一艘，會(huì)員15美元一艘。此次旅行最多

可租用6艘獨(dú)木舟。每艘獨(dú)木舟限3名成人或2名成人/2名兒童乘坐。）可知，每艘獨(dú)

木舟限3名成人乘坐，18名成年游客需要租6艘，非會(huì)員20美元一艘，經(jīng)過簡單計(jì)算

可知，18名成年游客在沒有會(huì)員資格的情況下租用獨(dú)木舟至少要支付120美元。故選

C項(xiàng)。

3.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ADDITIONALPROGRAMINFORMATION—RENTED

CANOES（獨(dú)木舟）下第一段關(guān)鍵句"Freelifejacketsandliabilitywaivers（安全免責(zé)書）are

requiredforallparticipants.”（所有參與者都需要免費(fèi)救生衣和安全免責(zé)書。）可知，參加

的人必須有安全免責(zé)書，由此可知，游客必須簽署安全免責(zé)書才能參加旅行。故選A

項(xiàng)。

4.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"Openyournotebookandwrite,5,shewould

instruct.Ifastudentwaslate,shewouldsimplysay,“Writeaboutwhyyouarelatetoday.^^

Thecontentandstyledidn'tmatter.Itwastheconnectionofthoughttopaperthatwasthe

aim.（“打開你的筆記本寫字，”她會(huì)指示道。如果一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到了，她會(huì)簡單地說：

“寫下你今天為什么遲到?！眱?nèi)容和風(fēng)格無關(guān)緊要。我們的目的是將思想與紙聯(lián)系起

來。）可知，史密斯老師讓學(xué)生們將思想與紙聯(lián)系起來，通過寫作來表達(dá)自己的感受，

例如她會(huì)讓學(xué)生寫下為什么遲到，由此可知，史密斯老師總是讓學(xué)生通過寫作來表達(dá)

自己的感受。故選B項(xiàng)。

5.答案：D

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上文“Theanxietyofseventh-graders,thepuberty（青春

期）crisisandthemixtureofemotionsneedawayout.”（七年級(jí)學(xué)生的焦慮、青春期危機(jī)和

情緒的混合需要一條出路。）可知，七年級(jí)學(xué)生面臨著各種青春期危機(jī)，需要一個(gè)解決

辦法，由此可知，史密斯老師知道解決辦法是什么，她知道青少年兒童的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)

方法，“that”代指的是“青少年兒童的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)方法”。故選D項(xiàng)。

6.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句"Mostofthenotebookswerefilledwithsilly

nonsense,likelookingforwardtopancakesforlunch,orworse,lineafterlinestatingthat

theydidn'tknowwhattowritethen.”（大多數(shù)筆記本上都寫滿了愚蠢的廢話，比如期待午

餐吃煎餅，或者更糟的是，一行接一行地說他們當(dāng)時(shí)不知道該寫什么。）可知，起初大

多數(shù)筆記本上都寫滿了愚蠢的廢話，由此可知，大多數(shù)學(xué)生原來筆記本上的句子的特

點(diǎn)是幾乎毫無意義。故選A項(xiàng)。

7.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句"Thecharactersintheliteraturegavestudents

permissiontogetemotionalgrowthinasafeway,andthewordsinsidethosenotebooks

becamemoreandmorepersonalastimewenton.Thosewhousedtobeproblemstudentsand

needsavinglaterbecamejournalistsandfictionwriters.”（文學(xué)作品中的人物允許學(xué)生以安

全的方式獲得情感成長，隨著時(shí)間的推移，筆記本里的文字變得越來越個(gè)人化。那些

曾經(jīng)是問題學(xué)生、需要拯救的人后來成為了記者和小說作家。）可知，在史密斯老師的

教導(dǎo)下，那些曾經(jīng)是問題學(xué)生、需要拯救的人后來成為了記者和小說作家，由此可

知，史密斯老師的教學(xué)方法很成功。故選C項(xiàng)。

8.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ButthosetermsareoflittleusetoscientistslikeDavid

Andersonwhostudiesthebraincircuits（腦回路）involvedinemotionalbehaviors.（但這些術(shù)

語對(duì)于像大衛(wèi)?安德森這樣研究與情緒行為有關(guān)的大腦回路的科學(xué)家來說用處不大）以

及第二段“Wehavetodomorethanjustprojectourownemotionsontootheranimals,“he

says.（“我們要做的不僅僅是把自己的情緒投射到其他動(dòng)物身上，”他說。）可知，安

德森認(rèn)為人們對(duì)動(dòng)物情感的常見描述對(duì)動(dòng)物情感行為的研究太主觀了，不能被視為科

學(xué)證據(jù)。故選B。

9.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Forexample,Anderson'slabhasinvestigatedfruitflies

thatbecomemuchmoreactivewhentheyseeamovingshadowlookingliketheirnatural

enemy.t4Weseethatthemoretimeswedelivertheshadowthejumpierthefliesbecome,5,he

says.Andtheflieskeepjumpinglongaftertheshadowisgone.Andersonwouldbehave

muchthesameifhesawasnake.'Tdjumpintheair,^^hesays."Evenforminutesafterthe

snakehadslippedawayintothebushes,myheartwouldbepounding,andI'dprobablyjump

everytimeIsawasnakelikeobject—evenifitwasastick."（例如，安德森的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究了

果蠅，當(dāng)它們看到一個(gè)看起來像天敵的移動(dòng)陰影時(shí)，它們會(huì)變得更加活躍。他說：

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，投射陰影的次數(shù)越多，蒼蠅就越跳?！庇白酉Ш螅n蠅還在不停地

跳。如果安德森看到一條蛇，他也會(huì)做出同樣的舉動(dòng)?！拔視?huì)跳到空中，”他說。

“甚至在蛇溜進(jìn)灌木叢幾分鐘后，我的心就會(huì)砰砰直跳，每次看到像蛇一樣的東西，

我可能都會(huì)跳起來一即使它是一根棍子?！保┛赏浦?段提到例子是為了顯示人類

和動(dòng)物情感的相似之處。故選B。

10.答案：C

解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“thatcircuittoreducethefearresponseofpeople

withcertaindiseaseslikePTSD”可知，要減少患有某些疾?。ㄈ鐒?chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）的人的

恐懼反應(yīng)，需要調(diào)整這些回路。故畫線詞意思是“調(diào)整”。故選C。

11.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Wenowunderstandspecificpartsofthecircuitthat

increasefearandotherpartsofthecircuitthatdecreasefear,“Andersonsays.Thenextstep,

hesays,istofigureouthowtotweakthatcircuittoreducethefearresponseofpeoplewith

certaindiseaseslikePTSD.（安德森說：“我們現(xiàn)在了解了神經(jīng)回路中增加恐懼的特定部

分，以及減少恐懼的其他部分?！彼f，下一步是弄清楚如何調(diào)整這個(gè)回路，以減少

患有某些疾病（如創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）的人的恐懼反應(yīng)）可推知，下一步的研究重點(diǎn)是了解

更多的人類大腦狀態(tài)。故選B。

12.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Awell-intentionedsolutionisoftenofferedto

climate-consciousconsumers:toreplacebeefonourplateswithchicken.Whileonpaperthis

bringsdownanindividual'sdietarycarbonfootprint,inpracticethiswouldmeanthatbillions

moreanimalswillbekilledeachyear.Meanwhile,evenmorefactoryfarmscontinuetoharm

theclimateandushumansintheprocess.（一個(gè)善意的解決方案經(jīng)常被提供給有氣候意識(shí)

的消費(fèi)者:用雞肉代替我們盤子里的牛肉。雖然從理論上講，這減少了個(gè)人飲食中的碳

足跡，但實(shí)際上這意味著每年將有數(shù)十億多的動(dòng)物被殺死。與此同時(shí)，更多的工廠化

農(nóng)場(chǎng)在這個(gè)過程中繼續(xù)危害氣候和我們?nèi)祟?。）”可知，善意的解決方案實(shí)際上是一種

災(zāi)難。故選A。

13.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"It'struethatforeverygramofprotein,conventional

beefhasalmost10timesthecarbonfootprintofchicken.Beefuses23timesasmuch

farmlandand3timesasmuchwater.Buttheconsumptionshiftfrombeeftochickenis

contributingtoacrisisofanotherkind.Approximately134chickensmustbekilledto

produceonecow'sworthofmeat,whichisextremelycruelandenvironmentallyunfriendly,

causingdeadzonesandhavingdamagingchaineffectsonthecommunitieslivingnearthese

facilitieswhosehealth,watersupply,andqualityoflifeareaffectedbythispollution4的確，

每克蛋白質(zhì)，傳統(tǒng)牛肉的碳足跡幾乎是雞肉的10倍。牛肉消耗了23倍的農(nóng)田和3倍

的水。但從牛肉到雞肉的消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)變正在造成另一種危機(jī)。生產(chǎn)相當(dāng)于一頭牛的肉必須

殺死大約134只雞，這是極其殘忍和對(duì)環(huán)境不利的，造成了死亡地帶，并對(duì)生活在這

些設(shè)施附近的社區(qū)產(chǎn)生了破壞性的連鎖效應(yīng)，這些社區(qū)的健康、供水和生活質(zhì)量都受

到這種污染的影響）”可推知，作者在第二段中通過使用有說服力的數(shù)據(jù)論證他的觀

點(diǎn)。故選D。

14.答案：C

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Themostinfluentialdietarychangewecanmaketo

reduceourindividualinfluenceonanimalsandtheenvironmentisactuallytoshiftfrom

conventionallyproduced,factory-farmedanimalproductstopasture-based（基于牧場(chǎng)的）

meat,eggsordairyproductsandplant-basedproteinsources.Ifsnotall-or-nothing.The

averageAmericancouldcuttheirdiet-relatedenvironmentalinfluencesbynearlyhalfjustby

eatinglessmeatandfewereggsanddairyproducts.Gradually,individualchangescanaddup

toabigdifferencetobothanimalsandtheenvironment,buttheresponsibilityshouldn'tfall

onindividualsalone.Weurgentlyneedourgovernmenttostopenforcingthisdisastrous

systemandredirectsupporttomorehumane,sustainablefoodandproductionmethods.（為了

減少我們個(gè)人對(duì)動(dòng)物和環(huán)境的影響，我們所能做的最有影響力的飲食改變實(shí)際上是