英語學習金融英語詞匯必 備

棄我去者，昨日之日不可留亂我心者，今日之日多煩憂Y養(yǎng)老基金pensionfund一刀切universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplementation一級市場primarymarket應收未收利息overdueinterest銀行網點bankingoutlets贏利能力profitability營業(yè)稅businesstax硬貸款（商業(yè)貸款）commercialloans用地審批tograntlanduseright有管理的浮動匯率managedfloatingexchangerate證券投資portfolioinvestment游資（熱錢）hotmoney有市場的產品marketableproducts有效供給effectivesupply誘發(fā)新一輪經濟擴張triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion逾期貸款overdueloans;past-dueloans與國際慣例接軌tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyaccepted與國際市場接軌tointegratewiththeworldmarket預算外支出（收入）off-budget（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）預調pre-emptiveadjustment月環(huán)比onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasisZ再貸款centralbanklending在國際金融機構儲備頭寸reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions在人行存款depositsat（with）thecentralbank在途資金fundinfloat增加農業(yè)投入toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture增勢減緩decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum增收節(jié)支措施revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmeasures增長平穩(wěn)steadygrowth增值稅value-addedtax（VAT）漲幅偏高higher-than-desirablegrowthrate;excessivegrowth賬外賬concealedaccounts折舊depreciation整頓retrenchment;consolidation政策工具policyinstrument政策性業(yè)務policy-relatedoperations政策性銀行policybanks政策組合policymix政府干預governmentintervention證券交易清算settlementofsecuritiestransactions證券業(yè)務占款fundingofsecuritiespurchase支付困難paymentdifficulty支付能力paymentcapacity直接調控方式向toincreasetherelianceonindirectpolicyinstruments間接調控方式轉變職能轉換transformationoffunctions職業(yè)道德professionalethics指令性措施mandatorymeasures指令性計劃mandatoryplan;administeredplan制定和實施貨幣政策toconductmonetarypolicy;toformulateandimplementmonetarypolicy滯后影響laggedeffect中介機構intermediaries中央與地方財政delineationoffiscalresponsibilities分灶吃飯重點建設keyconstructionprojects;keyinvestmentproject周期谷底bottom（trough）ofbusinesscycle周轉速度velocity主辦銀行mainbank主權風險sovereignrisk注冊資本registeredcapital逐步到位tophasein;phasedimplementation逐步取消tophaseout抓大放小toseizethebigandfreethesmall（tomaintaincloseoversightonthelargestate-ownedenterprisesandsubjectsmalleronestomarketcompetition）?？顚Ｓ胾seoffundsasear-marked轉貸on-lending轉軌經濟transitioneconomy轉機turnaround轉折關頭turningpoint準財政赤字quasi-fiscaldeficit準貨幣quasi-money資本不足under-capitalized資本充足率capitaladequacyratio資本利潤率returnoncapital資本賬戶可兌換capitalaccountconvertibility資不抵債insolvent;insolvency資產負債表balancesheet資產負債率liability/assetratio;ratioofliabilitiestoassets資產集中assetconcentration資產貢獻率assetcontributionfactor資產利潤率returnonassets（ROA）資產質量assetquality資產組合assetportfolio資金成本costoffunding;costofcapital;financingcost資金到位fullyfunded（project）資金寬裕tohavesufficientfunds資金利用率fundutilizationrate資金缺口financinggap資金體外循環(huán)financialdisintermediation資金占壓fundstiedup自籌投資項目self-financedprojects自有資金equityfund綜合國力overallnationalstrength（oftenmeasuredbyGDP）綜合效益指標overallefficiencyindicator綜合治理comprehensiveadjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul總成交額totalcontractvalue總交易量totalamountoftransactions總成本totalcost最后貸款人lenderoflastresortW外部審計externalaudit外國直接投資foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）外匯儲備foreignexchangereserves外匯調劑foreignexchangeswap外匯占款theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings外向型經濟export-orientedeconomy外債externaldebt外資企業(yè)foreign-fundedenterprises完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem完稅憑證taxpaymentdocumentation違法經營illegalbusiness委托存款entrusteddeposits穩(wěn)步增長steadygrowth穩(wěn)健的銀行系統(tǒng)asoundbankingsystem穩(wěn)中求進tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability無紙交易book-entry（orpaperless/scriptless）transaction物價監(jiān)測pricemonitoringX吸納流動性toabsorbliquidity稀缺經濟scarcityeconomy洗錢moneylaundering系統(tǒng)內調度fundallocationwithinabank系統(tǒng)性金融危機systemicfinancialcrisis下崗工人laid-offemployees下游企業(yè)down-streamenterprises現(xiàn)場稽核on-siteexamination現(xiàn)金滯留（居民手中）cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)townshipandvillageenterprises（TVEs）消費物價指數(shù)consumerpriceindex（CPI）消費稅excise（consumption）tax消滅財政赤字tobalancethebudget;toeliminatefiscaldeficit銷貨款回籠reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsystem銷售平淡lacklustersales協(xié)議外資金額committedamountofforeigninvestment新經濟增長點newsourcesofeconomicgrowth新開工項目newprojects;newlystartedprojects新增貸款incrementalcredit;loanincrement;creditgrowth;creditexpansion新增就業(yè)位置newjobs;newjobopportunities信貸規(guī)?？己藃eviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings信號失真distortedsignals信托投資公司trustandinvestmentcompanies信息不對稱informationasymmetry信息反饋feedback（information）信息共享系統(tǒng)informationsharingsystem信息披露informationdisclosure信用擴張credirexpansion信用評級creditrating姓“資”還是姓“社”pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialistorcaptialist行政措施administrativemeasures需求膨脹demandexpansion;excessivedemand虛偽存款window-dressingdeposits削減冗員toshedexcesslaborforce尋租rentseeking迅速反彈quickreboundS三角債chaindebts;inter-enterprisearrears善政廉政goodgovernance商業(yè)貸款commercialloans上市公司（publicly）listedcorporations設備利用capacityutilization社會保障socialsafetynet;socialsecurity（insurance）深層次矛盾deep-rootedstructuralimbalance審批金融機構tolicensefinancialinstitutions審慎監(jiān)管prudentialsupervision生產能力閑置unutilizedcapacity生息資產interest-bearingassets實際利用外資disbursementofforeigncapital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment實際有效匯率realeffectiveexchangerate實時realtime實收資本paid-incapital實現(xiàn)利潤realizedprofit市場分割marketsegmentation市場經濟marketeconomy市場占有率（市場份額）marketshare市場準入marketaccess（指商品和勞務的進入）；marketentry（指機構的審批）市價總值marketcapitalization適度從緊appropriatelytight適時調節(jié)timelyadjustment收回對金融機構貸款torecallcentralbankloans（tofinancialinstitutions）稅后還貸amortization（repaymentofloans）aftertax稅收流失taxerosion稅源不足weaktaxbase私營經濟（私人經濟）theprivatesector私有制privateownership所有者權益owner'sequityT逃稅（請見“避稅”）taxevasion套匯（1）指合法：currencyswap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegalpurchaseofforeignexchange剔除季節(jié)性因素seasonallyadjusted調節(jié)流動性toinfluenceliquiditylevel貼現(xiàn)窗口discountwindow同比onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear同業(yè)拆借（放）inter-bankborrowing（lending）同業(yè)拆借市場利率（中國）CHIBOR（Chinainter-bankofferedrate）同業(yè)融通票據(jù)inter-bankfinancingbills同業(yè)往來inter-banktransactions透支overdraft退稅taxrefund（rebate）頭寸position吞吐基礎貨幣adjustmentofmonetarybase脫媒現(xiàn)象disintermediationQ企業(yè)辦社會enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities企業(yè)集團戰(zhàn)略corporategroupstrategy企業(yè)兼并重組companymergerandrestructuring企業(yè)領導班子enterprisemanagement企業(yè)所得稅enterprise（corporate）incometax企業(yè)效益corporateprofitability企業(yè)資金違規(guī)流入股市irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket欠稅taxarrears欠息overdueinterest強化稅收征管tostrengthentaxadministration強制措施enforcementaction翹尾因素carryovereffect切一刀partialapplication清理收回貸款cleanupandrecoverloans（破產）清算liquidation傾斜政策preferentialpolicy區(qū)別對待differentialtreatment趨勢加強intensifyingtrend全球化globalization權益回報率returnsonequity（ROE）缺乏后勁unsustainablemomentumR繞規(guī)模貸款tocircumventcreditceiling人均國內生產總值percapitaGDP人均收入percapitaincome人民幣升值壓力upwardpressureontheRenminbi（exchangerate）認繳資本subscribedcapital軟貸款softloans軟預算約束softbudgetconstraint軟著陸softlandingM買方市場buyer'smarket賣方市場seller'smarket賣出回購證券matchedsaleofrepo貿易差額tradebalance民間信用non-institutionalizedcredit免二減三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears明補explicitsubsidy明虧explicitloss名牌產品brandproducts母國（請見“東道國”）homecountryN內部控制internalcontrol內部審計internalaudit內地與香港themainlandandHongKong內債domesticdebt扭虧為盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources農副產品采購支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement農村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效應bubbleeffect泡沫經濟bubbleeconomy培育新的經濟增長點totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth片面追求發(fā)展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth平衡發(fā)展balanceddevelopment瓶頸制約bottleneck（constraints）平穩(wěn)回升steadyrecovery鋪底流動資金initial（start-up）workingcapital普遍回升broad-basedrecovery配套改革concomitant（supporting）reforms配套人民幣資金localcurrencyfundingof…K開辦人民幣業(yè)務toengageinRMBbusiness可維持（可持續(xù)）經濟增長sustainableeconomicgrowth可變成本variablecost可自由兌換貨幣freelyconvertiblecurrency控制現(xiàn)金投放controlcurrencyissuance扣除物價因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis庫存產品inventory跨國銀行業(yè)務cross-borderbanking跨年度采購cross-yearprocurement會計準則accountingstandardL來料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport離岸銀行業(yè)務off-shorebanking（business）理順外貿體制torationalizeforeigntraderegime利率杠桿的調節(jié)作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation利潤驅動profit-driven利息回收率interestcollectionratio聯(lián)行清算inter-banksettlement連鎖企業(yè)franchise（businesses）;chainbusinesses良性循環(huán)virtuouscycle兩極分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution零售物價指數(shù)retailpriceindex（RPI）流動性比例liquidityratio流動資產周轉率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets流動資金貸款workingcapitalloans流通體制distributionsystem流通網絡distributionnetwork留購（租賃期滿時承租人可購買租賃物）hirepurchase壟斷行業(yè)monopolizedindustry（sector）亂集資irregular（illegal）fundraising亂收費irregular（illegal）charges亂攤派unjustified（arbitrary）leviesJ基本建設投資investmentininfrastructure基本經濟要素economicfundamentals基本適度broadlyappropriate基準利率benchmarkinterestrate機關團體存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions機會成本opportunitycost激勵機制incentivemechanism積壓嚴重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory擠提存款runonbanks擠占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）技改投資investmentintechnologicalupgrading技術密集型產品technology-intensiveproduct計劃單列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus計劃經濟plannedeconomy集體經濟thecollectivesector加大結構調整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment加工貿易processingtrade加快態(tài)勢acceleratingtrend加強稅收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration加權價weightedaverageprice價格放開priceliberalization價格形成機制pricingmechanism減虧toreducelosses簡化手續(xù)tocutredtape;tosimplify（streamline）procedures交投活躍brisktrading繳存準備金todepositrequiredreserves結構扭曲structuraldistortion結構失調structuralimbalance結構性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance結構優(yōu)化structuralimprovement（optimization）結匯、售匯saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange金融脆弱financialfragility金融動蕩financialturbulence金融風波financialdisturbance金融恐慌financialpanic金融危機financialcrisis金融壓抑financialrepression金融衍生物financialderivatives金融詐騙financialfraud緊縮銀根totightenmonetarypolicy緊縮政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies經常賬戶可兌換currentaccountconvertibility經濟特區(qū)specialeconomiczones（SEZs）經濟體制改革economicreform經濟增長方式的轉變changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）經濟增長減速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth經濟制裁economicsanction經營自主權autonomyinmanagement景氣回升recoveryinbusinessactivity境外投資overseasinvestment競爭加劇intensifyingcompetition局部性金融風波localized（isolated）financialdisturbanceH合理預期rationalexpectation核心資本corecapital合資企業(yè)joint-ventureenterprises紅利dividend宏觀經濟運營良好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏觀經濟基本狀況macroeconomicfundamentals宏觀調控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）宏觀調控目標macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）壞賬baddebt還本付息debtservice換匯成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings匯兌在途fundsinfloat匯兌支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank匯率并軌unificationofexchangerates活期存款demanddeposits匯率失調exchangeratemisalignment混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership貨幣政策態(tài)勢monetarypolicystance貨款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliersA安全網safetynet按可比口徑oncomparablebasis按輕重緩急toprioritize暗補implicitsubsidy暗虧hiddenlossB頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照tolicense;tograntalicenceto辦理存款業(yè)務totakedeposits保護農民的生產積極性toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce備付金（超額準備金）excessreserves本外幣并賬consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts本外幣對沖操作sterilizationoperation本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do避稅（請見“逃稅”）taxavoidance幣種搭配不當currencymismatch幣種構成currencycomposition變相社會集資disguisedirregular（orillegal）fundraising表外科目（業(yè)務）off-balance-sheetitems（operation）薄弱環(huán)節(jié)weaknesses;loopholes不變成本fixedcost不變價atconstantprice;inrealterms不動產realestate不良貸款（資產）problemloans；non-performingloans（assetsC財務公司financecompanies財政赤字fiscaldeficit財政擠銀行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）財政政策與貨幣政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies采取循序漸進的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner操作彈性operationalflexibility操縱匯率tomanipulateexchangerate產品構成productcomposition;productmix產品積壓stockpile;excessiveinventory產銷率currentperiodinventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/outputratio產銷銜接marketability產業(yè)政策industrialpolicy長期國債treasurybonds敞口頭寸openposition炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承購包銷underwrite（securities）成套機電產品completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）城市合作銀行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks城市商業(yè)銀行municipalcommercialbanks城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價漲幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome持續(xù)升溫persistentoverheating重復布點duplicateprojects重置成本replacementcost重組計劃restructuringplan籌資渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初見成效initialsuccess出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經營canalizationofexports出口退稅exporttaxrebate儲蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）儲蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits儲源萎縮declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings傳導機制transmissionmechanism從價稅advaloremtax從緊控制tightcontrol存貸款比例loan/depositratio存款保險體系depositinsurancesystem存款貨幣銀行depositmoneybanks存款準備金requiredreservesD打白條issueIOU大額存單certificateofdeposit（CD）大額提現(xiàn)withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts大面積滑坡wide-spreaddecline大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem呆賬（請見“壞賬”）badloans呆賬準備金loanlossreserves（provisions）呆滯貸款idleloans貸款沉淀non-performingloans貸款分類loanclassification貸款限額管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling貸款約束機制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理國庫toactasfiscalagent代理金融機構貸款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions戴帽貸款ear-markedloans倒逼機制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition道德風險moralhazard地區(qū)差別regionaldisparity第一產業(yè)theprimaryindustry第二產業(yè)thesecondaryindustry第三產業(yè)theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry遞延資產deferrableassets訂貨不足insufficientorders定期存款timedeposits定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources東道國（請見“母國”）hostcountry獨立核算independentaccounting短期國債treasurybills對沖操作sterilizationoperation;hedging對非金融部門債權claimsonnon-financialsector多種所有制形式diversifiedownershipE惡性通貨膨脹hyperinflation二級市場secondarymarketF發(fā)行貨幣toissuecurrency發(fā)行總股本totalstockissue法定準備金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股東institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地產投資realestateinvestment放松銀根toeasemonetarypolicy非現(xiàn)場稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）非銀行金融機構non-bankfinancialinstitutions非贏利性機構non-profitorganizations分稅制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem分業(yè)經營segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions風險暴露（風險敞口）riskexposure風險管理riskmanagement風險意識riskawareness風險資本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios風險資本標準risk-basedcapitalstandard服務事業(yè)收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges扶貧povertyalleviation負增長negativegrowth復式預算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccountG改革試點reformexperimentation杠桿率leverageratio杠桿收購leveragedbuyout高息集資toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest個人股non-institutionalshares根本扭轉fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）公開市場操作openmarketoperations公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts公用事業(yè)publicutilities公有經濟thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector公有制publicownership工業(yè)成本利潤率profit-to-costratio工業(yè)增加值industrialvalueadded供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply鼓勵措施incentives股份合作企業(yè)joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企業(yè)joint-equityenterprises股份制銀行joint-equitybanks固定資產貸款fixedassetloans關稅減免tariffreductionandexemption關稅減讓tariffconcessions關稅優(yōu)惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment規(guī)范行為toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior規(guī)模效益economiesofscale國計民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood國家對個人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals國家風險countryrisk國際分工internationaldivisionoflabor國際收支balanceofpayments國有獨資商業(yè)銀行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks國有經濟（部門）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）國有制state-ownership國有資產流失erosionofstateassets國債回購governmentsecuritiesrepurchase國債一級自營商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities過度競爭excessivecompetition過度膨脹excessiveexpansion過熱跡象signsofoverheatingacquiringcompany收購公司badloan呆帳chartofcashflow現(xiàn)金流量表clearly-establishedownership產權清晰debt