高中定語(yǔ)從句祥講

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載高中定語(yǔ)從句（I）【探究1】定語(yǔ)從句的概念請(qǐng)看下面的例句。判斷劃線部分在句中的作用。1)Heisdrivingacarwhich/thatcanrunat150milesanhour.(譯)_____________________________________2)Theletterwhich/thatIreceivedyesterdaywasfromafriendofmine.(譯)_____________________________________3)Thecomradethat/whoisspeakingatthemeetingisadoctorfromalocalhospital.(譯)_____________________________________4)Theboywhosefatherisadoctorlivesnear.(譯)_____________________________________5)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacesthesea.(譯)_____________________________________【歸納】像上面的劃線部分在從句中作定語(yǔ)，被稱(chēng)為_(kāi)_______________，通常用來(lái)飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，這個(gè)被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫__________。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在所修飾的詞_________，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫____________或_______（即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞有_________________________________..【探究2】關(guān)系代詞的選用請(qǐng)看下面例句，并思考：選擇關(guān)系代詞時(shí)需要考慮哪些因素？1)Themanthat/whoissittingbesidemeisadoctor.(譯)_____________________________________2)Doyouremembertheplacewhich/thatwevisitedlastyear?(譯)_____________________________________3)ThisisthewomannursewhosenameisLiJuan.(譯)_____________________________________4)Thisistheboywhom/who/thatyouarelookingfor.(譯)______________________________【歸納】關(guān)系代詞的選用與先行詞關(guān)系很大。(1)當(dāng)先行詞指物，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞_________________見(jiàn)例2）；(2)如先行詞指人，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞________________，如例1）,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞_______________________，如例4）；(3)關(guān)系代詞_______既可指人也可指物（作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），如例1),2),4)。(4)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作某一名詞(可指人也可指物)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用___________，見(jiàn)例3)。注意：（1）whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，“whose+名詞”可用“限定詞+名詞+關(guān)系代詞”或“of+關(guān)系代詞+限定詞+名詞”來(lái)代替。Iliveinaroomthewindowofwhich(whosewindow)openstothesouth.我住在一間窗戶朝南的房間里。Pleasepassmethebookofwhichthecover(whosecover)isgreen.請(qǐng)遞給我那本封面是綠色的。（2）作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom不跟在介詞時(shí)可用who代替。如例4.【探究3】關(guān)系詞的省略思考：下面句中的關(guān)系代詞可以省略嗎？1)Theboywhom/who/thatyousawyesterdayhasleft.(譯)____________________________________2)Emilyisoneofthegirlswhohavefinishedtheirworkontime.(譯)___________________________________3)Iknowthestudentwhosearticlewaspublishedlastmonth.(譯)______________________________【歸納】當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作________時(shí)常?？墒÷裕缋?）；而作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí)則不能省略，如例2），3）。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)須和__________保持一致，如例2）?！咎骄?】只用that不用which的若干情況：有些情況下關(guān)系代詞只用that不用which，你能指出哪些句子只用that嗎？1)All________hastobedonehasbeendone.(譯)______________________________2)Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.(譯)______________________________3)Thisistheonlybookhehas.(譯)______________________________4)Hetoldmeaboutthethingsandpersonshemetwithinthatschool.(譯)______________________________5)Whichisthesubjectyoulikebest?(譯)______________________________6)Thereisabookonthedesk____belongstoTom.桌子上有一本書(shū)屬于Tom.【歸納】只用that不用which的幾種特殊情況：a.先行詞為不定代詞，如all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything等時(shí)。b.當(dāng)先行詞被all,both,any,few,little,much,no以及thelast修飾時(shí)，用that。c.先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)以及被thevery,theonly等修飾時(shí)。d.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。e.當(dāng)主句是who,which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用that。f．主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，修飾其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that?！咀⒁狻慨?dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，有時(shí)可用who。達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)I.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或副詞填空。Theman_______talkedwithyoujustnowisapoet.Achild_______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(孤兒)Whoistheyoungman______iswearingaredshirt?Isthisthebook_____yourfatherboughtforyou?Thisistheonlysong_______IcansinginEnglish.Thisisthebeststory_____I'veeverread.Thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.8.Those______dothatmustbemad(瘋了).II.單項(xiàng)填空：1.Qingdaoisacity_______hasalotofplacesofinterest.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.what2.Heisoneoftheboyswho______goodatEnglish.A.areB.isC.hasD.Have3.Ihavefoundaman______canhelpyou.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which4.Theriver_______banks（岸）arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.A.whichB.thatC.itsD.whose5.Thisisthemostinterestingfilm_______he'severseen.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whose6.Thisisthehotel_______westayedinlastyear.A.thereB.itC.whoD./7.Thebestbook_______LaoShewroteand______Ihavereadwillbemadeintoafilm.A.which;thatB.that;/C./;thatD./;/8.Atlast,Tomtoldmeeverything_______hehaddoneduringthenight.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.what高中定語(yǔ)從句（II）以where,when,why,介詞(in,onwith,during)+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。觀察下面幾組定語(yǔ)從句，注意它們的意義、先行詞、引導(dǎo)詞。【探究1】1)WewillneverforgettheyearwhenSARSbrokeoutinChina.2)Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.3)Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.歸納:when是關(guān)系_______詞，指________，在從句中作_________語(yǔ)，其先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如time,day,hour,week,month,year等。when有時(shí)可用_______________代替。第3)中的thedays在定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的________語(yǔ)。得出結(jié)論：如果先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞”，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用_________或________；若作狀語(yǔ)則用_______.【探究2】1)Shanghaiistheplacewhereshewasborn.2)Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)helivedthreemonthsago.3)Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.歸納:where是關(guān)系_______詞，指________，在從句中作_________語(yǔ)，其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place,factory,house,village等。Where有時(shí)可用_______________代替。第3)中的thepark在定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的________語(yǔ)。得出結(jié)論：如果先行詞為“地點(diǎn)名詞”，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用_________或________；若作狀語(yǔ)則用_______.【探究3】1)Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.2)He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe’slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.3)Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.(P34,L19-20)歸納:如果先行詞為point,situation,stage,arcondition,spot,case,position等表示抽象意義的名詞，常用_______引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”，在定語(yǔ)從句里作__________語(yǔ)?！咎骄?】1)Isthisthereasonwhyhecamelate?翻譯：_____________________________2)Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)Ididit.翻譯：__________________________________3)Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhisabsence?翻譯：____________________________________歸納:why是關(guān)系_______詞，指________，在從句中作_________語(yǔ)，其先行詞是_________。why有時(shí)可用_______________代替。第3)中的thereason在定語(yǔ)從句中作________語(yǔ)。得出結(jié)論：如果先行詞為reason，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用_________或________?！咎骄?】1)ThepeopletowhomyouweretalkingareSwedes.2)ThisisthebookonwhichIspent10yuan.歸納:這是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是物用_________；先行詞是人用_________?！咎骄?】Thisistheway(that)/(inwhich)Idosuchthings.Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.歸納：當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that,inwhich引導(dǎo)，that?？梢允÷?。Way后面的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用_____或_____引導(dǎo).【探究7】onwhichIspent5yuan.forwhichIpaid5yuan.1)ThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalot.aboutwhichTomoftentalks.thedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.2)IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.themonthinwhichIstayedthere.歸納:在這樣的定語(yǔ)從句里，介詞的使用要根據(jù)：1)_____________________________________2)________________________________________注意：有時(shí)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還會(huì)有名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞等，表示部分、整體、數(shù)量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees,flowsothesea.這條河流入大海，河的兩岸種滿了樹(shù)。Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.他有三個(gè)兒子，其中有兩個(gè)是老師?！具\(yùn)用】在下列句子中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞1.Irememberthedaysduring_________Ilivedhere.2.Istillrememberthetime__________wevisitedthefarm.3.Thisistheroomin_________Ilivedlastyear.4.Thereason_______hedidn’tgotoschoolwasthathewasill.5.Thereason_______hetolduswasreasonable.6.Icanstillrememberthesittingroom________mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)1.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1)Idisagreewiththefacts_______whichyourargumentisbased.2)Thesong,_______whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.3)Thisisthereason_______whichheoftencomestoschoollate.4)Iwillneverforgettheway_______whichmyteachertaughtme.5)Thisisthehero________whomweareproud.6)Iwanttofindtheverypen________whichIwrotetheletter.7)Theyarethestudents________whomourteachersarethinkinghighly.8)Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends_______whomyoucanshareyourfeelingsandthoughts.2.單項(xiàng)選擇1)Ihavemanyfriends,___somearebusinessmen.A.ofthem B.fromwhichC.whoof D.ofwhom2)Thehotel___westayedatwasbothcheapandcomfortable.A.whichB.whereC.whyD.when3)AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when4)Ishallneverforgetthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where5)Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around_________highmountains.A.whichwas B.itwasC.whichwere D.themwere6)Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich7)TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhich B.atwhichC.inwhich D.onwhich8)Thisisthetrain_________wewenttoJinan.A.onwhich B.bywhichC.inwhich D.throughwhich9)Hishouse,for________hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.A.thatB.itC.themD.which10)Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround_______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand”A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what高中定語(yǔ)從句(III)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句以整個(gè)句子為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme。他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還可以由“n./porn./nun…+ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)。Theytalkedaboutamovie,thenameofwhichI’veneverforgotten.他們談?wù)撨^(guò)一部電影，我決不會(huì)忘記片名。Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestoneofwhichisTaiwan.中國(guó)有數(shù)千個(gè)島嶼，其中最大的是臺(tái)灣島。Therelivedanoldmaninthevillage,threesonsofwhomwereservinginthearmy.村子里住著一位老人，他的三個(gè)兒子都在部隊(duì)服役。3.prep.+which/whom也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。介詞的選擇依據(jù)是：1）根據(jù)先行詞確定；2）根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞的搭配選擇：3）根據(jù)從句所表達(dá)的含義確定。ThereasonforwhichIdidn’tlentyouthemoneywasthatIwasshortofmoneymyselfthen.Aleeaskedthepolicemanwithwhomheworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.Water,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.as,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不同：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。常表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)其言語(yǔ)的依據(jù)評(píng)論看法等。有“正如，像”等意思。定語(yǔ)從句可以置于主句句首句中或句末。as后常接expect,know,report,say,see等動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.正如我們說(shuō)看到的那樣海洋站地球的70%還要多。Tomdoesn’tfinishhishomework,asoftenhappens.湯姆沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)，這種情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生。3.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，常表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)起因等，有“這使得這一點(diǎn)”等意思，常置于主句末，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。1）Hecametomybirthdayparty,whichIdidn’texpectatall.我完全沒(méi)有想到他來(lái)參加我的生日聚會(huì)了。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichcalledevaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫蒸發(fā)。As和Which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別as可單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which，那么在非限性定語(yǔ)從句中究竟用as引導(dǎo)還是用which引導(dǎo)呢？現(xiàn)歸納如下：１．從as／which在句子中位置來(lái)區(qū)分as和which都可以指代主句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)可以互換，但as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活，可以位于主句前面，中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，而which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如：（１）Asisexpected,ourschoolteamwonthefootballmatch.（２）Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.（３）Motherwasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.２．從as／which在句子中特定含義來(lái)區(qū)分as在引導(dǎo)非限性定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which則無(wú)此意。常用句型有：Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,isoftenthecase，asisexpected等。如：（１）Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.（２）Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.（３）Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.或：Theelephant,asanybodycansee,islikeasnake.或：Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.３．從主從句意義匹配要求來(lái)區(qū)分as引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上不能與主句相抵觸，而which則不受此限制。試比較：（１）Shedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,ashadbeenexpected.（２）Shefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.As和Which的區(qū)別1.As通常和such,so或thesame搭配，as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是see,expect,say,hope,happen,know等。如：1）Iwishtohavesucharadioasyousaid.我想有一臺(tái)你說(shuō)的那樣的收音機(jī)。2）Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).我和你有相同的看法。3）Asoftenhappens,heislateagain.他又遲到了，這是常事。4）TheGreatWall,asiswellknown,isoneofthewondersintheworld.眾所周知，長(zhǎng)城是世界上的奇跡之一。5）Tomistall,asarehisbrothers.湯姆個(gè)子高，他的兄弟們也都是高個(gè)子。6）Frankisafineathlete,aswashisfatherbeforehim.弗蘭克是個(gè)優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，在他之前，他父親也一樣是個(gè)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員。7）ItraveltoLondoneveryday,asdomostthepeoplewholiveinthisvillage.我每天乘車(chē)去倫敦，住在這個(gè)村子里的大部分人都是這樣。8)HeisanEnglishman，as(=which)Iknowfromhisaccent.他是個(gè)英國(guó)人,這一點(diǎn)我是從他的口音上得知的。9)Hewaslateforschool,asisoftenthecase.他像往常一樣上學(xué)遲到了。10）Aswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner.他又像往常一樣,吃完飯出去散步了。10）AsIwassaying,weexpect2015tobeagoodyear.正如我剛才說(shuō)的,我們期望2015年是個(gè)好年頭。鞏固練習(xí)1.___________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsintheseniorschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It2.___________isknowntoall,waterisanimportantkindofnaturalresource.A.AsB.WhichC.WhoD.When3.Chinahasplannedtobuildtheworld’slargestnaturalpark,________isexpectedtoreplaceAmerican’sYellowstoneA.whichB.whereC.whatD.as4.Theyhaveagaininvitedmetovisittheircountry,__________isverykindofthem.A.AsB.WhichC.WhereD.When5.（2012安徽高考29題）Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.as B.it C.which D.this6.（2012福建高考23題）Theairqualityinthecity,______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.that B.it C.as D.what9．Therearetwosmallroomsinthishouse,___________servesasakitchen.A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallerofthemC.thesmalloneD.thesmallofwhich10.Thebook,____________isblue,ismine.A.coverofwhichB.whichcoverC.ofwhichthecoverD.alltheabove11.2012·山東高考23題）Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof_____havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.them B.that C.which D.what12.(2012北京高考26題)Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas.Hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.that B.which C.where D.when2013——2014高考定語(yǔ)從句(2013北京)27.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparksanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where(2013福建)27. Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose____liveswereaffected.A.whose B.that C.who D.which(2013安徽)29.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,madeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which(2013湖南)21.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whom B.who C.what D.which(2013江蘇)32.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when(2013江西)33. Hewrotealetter______heexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident. A.what B.which C.whereD.how(2013遼寧)34.Hemaywinthecompetition,____________heislikelytogetintothenationalteam. A.inwhichcase B.inthatcase C.inwhatcase D.inwhosecase(2013山東)31.Thereisnosimpleanswer,_____isoftenthecaseinscience.

A.as B.that C.when D.where(2013山東)35.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.when B.where C.which D.whom(2013陜西)16.isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As(2013四川)9.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_______theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where(2013天津)6.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.A.that B.whichC.whoD.what(2013新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)33.”Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”. A.asthesayinggoesold B.goesastheoldsayingC.astheoldsayinggoes D.goesasoldthesaying(2013重慶)24.Johnincitedabuout40peopletohiswedding,mostofarefamilymembers.AthemB.thatC.whichD.whom(2013浙江)5.Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.AallofwhatBallofwhichCallofthemDallofwhom(2013浙江)13.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform______visitorscanwatchthebidglasshousesbeingbuilt.AwhatBwhereCwhenDwhy一（2014安徽卷）22．TheexactyearAng