人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)UNIT3-Learning-About-課件

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATIONLearningAboutLanguage(2)人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第四冊(cè)Reviewusefulstructures·Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassion...（S）·MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.（OC）·Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals...（Ad）·Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.（S）·Theaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtrade...（P）·Tradinghasgrowngreatly...andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.（O；Attr）·...whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.（O）·...therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.（Attr）·...ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.（Attr）·...thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.（Attr；Ad）·...theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.（Attr；Attr；OC）Activity1Findallthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage.Thenmarktheirfunctions.1Asthesubject（S）

2Asthepredicative（P）

3Astheobject（O）4Astheobjectcomplement（OC）

5Astheattributive（Attr）6Astheadverbial（Ad）EXAMPLEItisfun/visitanaquarium/insummer→Itisfuntovisitanaquariuminsummer.（S）Activity2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.1He/encouragedme/participateinthesurfingcompetition→2Thestorm/seems/begettingcloser→3Magellan/wasthefirstperson/sailaroundtheworld→4TheUNpeacekeepingforce/aims/maintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts→Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.（OC）Thestormseemstobegettingcloser.（P）Magellanwasthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.（Attr）TheUNpeacekeepingforceaimstomaintainpeaceandpreventarmedconflicts.（O）

EXAMPLEItisfun/visitanaquarium/insummer→Itisfuntovisitanaquariuminsummer.（S）Activity2Jointhewordstomakesentencesusinginfinitives.Thendecidethefunctionofeachinfinitive.5Thecrowd/stood/applaud/scientists/fortheirimportantoceanresearchwork→6Itisagoodidea/tax/plasticbottles/sothatpeopleusethemless→7TheJiaolongmannedsubmersible/issaid/beable/reach7kmunderwater→8Itremains/beseen/whetherornothiscapsulecanwork→Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.（Ad）Itisagoodideatotaxplasticbottlessothatpeopleusethemless.（S）TheJiaolongmannedsubmersibleissaidtobeabletoreach7kmunderwater.（O；O）Itremainstobeseenwhetherornothiscapsulecanwork.（P）

Faroutintheocean，wherethewaterisasclearasglass，livestheSeaKing.Theoceanistoodeep

（measure）.Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsand

underthesea，butactuallyitisnotrare

（see）themostuniqueflowersandplants

（dance）inthefast-movingwater.Inthedeepestspotofallstandsthe

SeaKing’scastle，whichhaswallsofcoral

andaroof

（form）ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking，awisewomanwhoisproud

（be）bornintotheroyalfamily，takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses，theyoungestistheprettiest.Althoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthedeepestsea，shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses

（play）alldaylongis

（swim）inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowingoutofthewalls，feedingandtouchingthefish

（swim）uptotheirhandsthroughthewindows.Theyseem

（notworry）aboutanything，exceptfortheyoungest，who...Activity3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsoftheverbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?tomeasure

toseedancingformedtohavebeen

toplayswimming/toswim

swimmingnottoworrywhowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsallthewaytothesurfaceandseesalargeship.Ittravelstowardheratgreatspeedandterrifiesher.Sheswimsbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandjustmanagestoswimawayfromthebigship.Shenowrealisesthatitisascaryworldoutsideoftheocean，andshedecidestostaywithherfamilyandfriendsunderthesea.Theyseemnottoworryaboutanything，exceptfortheyoungest，who...Completethedialogueswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.1A:Willyourparentsbebackfromtheirholidaytomorrow?B:No,theydecided___________(extend)theirtrip.2

A:Haveyougotthetestresultonthenewmedicine?B:Yes,ithasproved___________

(be)somewhateffective,butfurthertestingremains___________

(do).3A:Wow!Ididn’texpectPete

________(be)suchagoodswimmer!B:_______________(spend)thepastsummerpractisingalmosteveryday,heisnowable___________

(swim)muchfasterthanbefore.4

A:Whathappened?Youweresupposed

_________________________(be)inBeijingbynow!B:Ioversleptandrushedtotheairport,only___________

(find)thatthecheck-incounterhadclosed.5A:Whichseasondoyoulikemost?B:Winter.Becausethecitylooksverybeautifulwhen___________

(cover)withsnow.6A:Whoisconsidered___________

(be)thefatherofthecomputer:CharlesBabbage,AlanTuring,JohnVincentAtanasoff,orJohnvonNeumann?B:Well,theyareallbelieved

_______________(make)importantcontributionstocomputerscience.Activity4(WORKBOOKP76EX.1)toextend

tobetobedone

tobeHavingspenttoswimtohavebeen（tobe）tofind

covered

tobetohavemade1Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.2Itisbettertogivethantotake.3You’renevertoooldtolearn.4Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.5Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.Activity5(WORKBOOKP76EX.2)Tellthefunctionoftheinfinitiveineachsentence.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.1Tobeornottobe，thatisthequestion.（S）生存還是毀滅，這是一個(gè)值得考慮的問(wèn)題。2Itisbettertogivethantotake.（Ad；Ad）施比受有福。3You’renevertoooldtolearn.（Ad）活到老學(xué)到老。4Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.（S；P）什么都知道等于什么都不知道。5Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.（S；P）節(jié)約時(shí)間就是延長(zhǎng)生命。Namedafteramythicaldragon,JiaolongisChina’sfirstmanneddeep-searesearchsubmersible.ItwasdevelopedbyChinesedesigners_________(start)from2002andenteredservicein2010,_________(make)Chinathefifthcountryintheworldwithdeep-seaexplorationtechnology.In2017,duringa138-dayexpeditionthat_________(start)inFebruary,thesubmersible’smothership,Xiangyanghong09sailednearly34,000kmintotheSouthChinaSea,thenorthwesternIndianOcean,andthenorthwesternPacificOcean.Jiaolongconducted30dives_________

(make)scientificinvestigationsand___________(collect)samples.ThesubmersiblemadefivedivesintheMarianaTrenchandtheYapTrench,bothinthewesternPacificOcean.Theseoperationshaveenabledscientists_____________________(betterunderstand)geographicalandbiologicalconditionsdeepundertheoceans.Activity6(WORKBOOKP76EX.3)Completethenewsreportbelowwiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutJiaolong?startingmakingstartedmakingcollectingtobetterunderstandRightnow,Jiaolongisundergoingmaintenancebefore_________

(start)itsnextadventure.In2020,Jiaolongwillbeginitsfirstglobaldeep-seascientificexplorationmission.Itwillhaveanewmothership,whichis_________

(name)DeepSeaNo.1.Thisgrandmissionisintended______________(strengthen)China’scapacityin_________(survey)deep-seaenvironmentsandwillincreasethenation’sinfluenceinthisfield.Activity6(WORKBOOKP76EX.3)Completethenewsreportbelowwiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutJiaolong?startingnamedtostrengthensurveyingItisnamedafteraChinesewaterdragon.ItwasdesignedbyaformerprofessoratShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity，andithasthesecond-greatestdepthrangeofanymannedresearchvehiclesin2012.1動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)共有四種：一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式。不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。具體形式如下表所示（以do為例）： 單元語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)不定式（1）一般式（todo/tobedone）動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生；tobedone表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者。Isawhimgooutwiththesponsor.我看見(jiàn)他和贊助者出去了。（see后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］It’saprivilegetobeinvitedtoplaygolfwithyou.受邀與您一起打高爾夫球是一種榮幸。（省略的邏輯主語(yǔ)me與不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在tobeinvited之前可以加上forme）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（2）進(jìn)行式（tobedoing）動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而且正在進(jìn)行。Theyaresaidtobevisitingagrandhouse.據(jù)說(shuō)他們正在參觀一座大房子。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ （3）完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone）動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前；tohavebeendone同時(shí)還表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者。I’mverysorrytohavekeptyoufromgettingthebonus.很抱歉讓您無(wú)法獲得獎(jiǎng)金。（keep發(fā)生在besorry之前）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】“planned/hoped/expected/meant/thought/intended/promised/wanted/wished/desiredtohavedone”表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或計(jì)劃。Imeanttohavereadthesciencefictionlastweek.我本打算上周讀完這本科幻小說(shuō)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（4）完成進(jìn)行式（tohavebeendoing）動(dòng)詞不定式的完成進(jìn)行式強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。ThechairwomanissaidtohavebeenlivinginLondonfortwentyyears.據(jù)說(shuō)這位女董事長(zhǎng)在倫敦已經(jīng)住了20年。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Myfatherhasdecided

（give）upsmoking，whichmakesusgreatlysurprised.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ihavenotimetovisitthemonument，foralotofworkremains

（do）.（3）WhenIcamein，somebabieswereasleep.Tomyamusement，littleJohnpretended

_________________（read）withhiseyeshalf-closed.（4）WhenItoldhimthegoodnews，hepretended

（hear）ofit，notlookingexcited.（5）Themanyouwanttoseeisn’there，asheseems

（fire）.Youcanfigureitoutbyaskingtheboss.（6）Thenovelistintended

（adapt）thebookforaTVplay，buthedidn’tmakeit.（7）Heissaid

（live）withhisunclesincehisparentslefthimtoworkinafarawaycity.

togivetobedone

tobereading

tohaveheardtohavebeenfiredtohaveadaptedtohavebeenliving完成句子（8）Hesaidthathesawher

（進(jìn)入房間）justnow.（9）Iamglad

（帶妹妹去……）thecountry.（10）Hewouldlikehisson

（被派去工作）inabigcompany.（11）Theyseem

（在談?wù)撐遥?，fortheystoppedatthesightofme.（12）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Allofusconsideredhim

（偷了錢(qián)），butitturnedouttobeanotherperson.（13）Theboy’sparentsaresaid

（遇害）inaseriousaccident.entertheroomtotakemysistertotobesenttoworktobetalkingaboutmetohavestolenthemoneytohavebeenkilled2動(dòng)詞不定式的分類(lèi)（1）帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：一般情況下，不定式要帶to。TheyarenotbuildingastatetocontinuetheconflictwithIsrael，buttoendit.他們不是在建立一個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)繼續(xù)同以色列沖突，而是要結(jié)束這場(chǎng)沖突。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（2）省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式①使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式：這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有make，have，let，feel，hear，listento，see，lookat，watch，observe，notice等。但用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要帶to。Shemakesherhusbandfetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.→Herhusbandismadetofetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.她讓丈夫每天從學(xué)校接孩子。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】巧記后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞一感：feel二聽(tīng)：hear，listento三讓?zhuān)簃ake，have，let五看：see，lookat，watch，observe，notice半幫助：help（to可帶可不帶）

（2）wouldratherdo...thando...寧愿……也不愿……Iwouldrathergotoworkinthesupermarketthantakeovermyfather’scompany.我寧愿去超市工作也不愿接管我父親的公司。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（3）Whydo...?為什么做某事呢？（表示不滿(mǎn)或委婉的批評(píng)）Whynotdo...?為什么不做某事呢？（表示建議）Whybreaktheappointmentonpurpose?為什么故意不赴約？［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Whynotsuspendthenewsystem?為什么不暫緩新制度？［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（4）cannotbut/cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbutdo...只好，不得不Icannotchoosebutadoptmyniece’sadviceatpresent.眼下我別無(wú)選擇只得采納我侄女的建議。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（5）介詞but，except后的動(dòng)詞不定式：如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do或do的某種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式省略to，否則要帶to。Thepremiercoulddonothingbutappointacommitteetoconsidertheplans.總理除了安排一個(gè)委員會(huì)去考慮這些計(jì)劃外別無(wú)選擇。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ihavenochoicebuttotakeupatemporaryjob.我別無(wú)選擇，只能從事一份臨時(shí)工作。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ （6）并列不定式：當(dāng)多個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式具有同樣的功能時(shí)，to只用在第一個(gè)不定式之前，以避免重復(fù)。Theboydecidedtostayinthebakeryandworkhardasbefore.這個(gè)男孩決定留在面包店里，像以前一樣努力工作。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（7）hadbetter（not）dosth.最好（別）做某事Ithinkyouhadbetterstopshoutingsuchslogans.我認(rèn)為你們最好別喊這樣的口號(hào)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（8）主語(yǔ)部分有do時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略to，也可不省略。Allyouneedtodois（to）testoutthesystem.您需要做的就是測(cè)試這個(gè)系統(tǒng)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ 【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞不定式中動(dòng)詞的省略：在expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，forget，want，try以及beafraid，beglad，behappy，wouldlike，wouldlove等后面，為避免重復(fù)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省略，只保留不定式符號(hào)to，tohave或tohavebeen（be不省略）。Ihaven’tconductedaninterview，butIwishto（conductaninterview）.我沒(méi)主持過(guò)面試，但我希望（去主持）?！狣idyougototheparty?你去參加聚會(huì)了嗎？—No，I’dliketohave（gonetotheparty），butIwasbusy.沒(méi)，我想去，但我那時(shí)太忙了?！狣idtheteacherpraiseyou?老師表?yè)P(yáng)你了嗎？—No，butI’dliketohavebeen（praised）.沒(méi)有，但我想（被表?yè)P(yáng)）。

單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Don’tforget

（give）yourstudentsalittleencouragementatanytime.（2）Thepoliceobservedaman

（go）intothebanktenminutesago. （3）Amanwasobserved

（go）intothebanktenminutesago.（4）Iwouldratherbecomeasalesman

workinthatfactory.（5）Whynot

（turn）offthelightwhenyousleep，sinceyoucan’tfallasleepwhenthelightison?（6）Ican’thelp

wonderiftheseconsumerswillbuymostofthegoodsbeingadvertised.（7）Wecouldn’tdoanythingbut

（watch）himbeingputinprison.togivegotogothanturnbutwatch（8）Wehadnochoicebut

（watch）himbeingputinprison.（9）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Whatthegovernmenthastodois

（declare）astateofemergency.（10）Therewillbenoproblemsaslongasyoudoastheteachertellsyou

.（11）MysisterlikestobeathomewhileIwouldnotliketo

.（12）IforgottoclosethewindowbutIreallyhopedto

，astheraindestroyedoneofmyfavoritebooks.（13）Lilywasupsetthatshewasn’tinvitedtotheparty.Meanwhile，Iwasgladtohave

. towatch（to）declaretobehavebeen完成句子（14）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Herefused

（買(mǎi)詞典）withaleathercover.（15）WhenI

（注意到他們進(jìn)來(lái)），Istoodupimmediatelyandgavethemawarmwelcome.（16）I

（寧愿解決）myproblemsalonethanaskhimforhelp.（17）I

（只好）agreetohisdecision.（18）Thebosshadnochoicebut

（解雇他）.（19）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Iwouldnotlike

（接管）thecompanyand____________

（失去自由）.（20）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Youhadbetter

（不要傳播謠言）. tobuyadictionarynoticedthemcomeinwouldrathersolvecannot（choose/help）buttodismiss/firehimtotakeoverlosefreedom

notspreadtherumour 3動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能（1）作主語(yǔ)（常用it作形式主語(yǔ)）Tomakefunofthedisabledisnotright.嘲笑殘疾人是不對(duì)的。Itisridiculoustoimaginethattherecoverywillbequickandeasy.認(rèn)為會(huì)迅速輕易地恢復(fù)的想法是荒謬的。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（2）作賓語(yǔ)①常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope，refuse，manage，wish，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask，help等。Thestrongmanmanagedtopulloutthetreetrunk.那個(gè)壯漢把樹(shù)干拔了出來(lái)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］②復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。常接這樣復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有6個(gè)：make，feel，find，consider，believe，think。Thedogfounditdifficulttojumpoverthefence.這條狗發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跳過(guò)這道籬笆。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ ③不定式作賓語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過(guò)某事remembertodosth.記得要做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事Iregrettosaythatyoufailedtoobtainadrivinglicense.Youmustberegrettingnottrainingmore.我很遺憾地告訴你，你沒(méi)有獲得駕駛執(zhí)照。你一定后悔沒(méi)有多訓(xùn)練。

meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事can’thelp（to）dosth.不能幫著做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事trytodosth.努力/企圖做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事（3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Heaskedmetohelphimlearnbiology.（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）→Iwasaskedtohelphimlearnbiology.（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）他請(qǐng)我?guī)椭麑W(xué)習(xí)生物。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］believe/considersb.tohavedonesth.（賓補(bǔ)）認(rèn)為某人做了某事bebelieved/consideredtohavedonesth.（主補(bǔ)）被認(rèn)為做了某事besaid/reportedtohavedonesth.（主補(bǔ)）據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道做了某事 （4）作定語(yǔ)①如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，或被修飾詞是不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或借助的工具時(shí)，不定式后面要有相應(yīng)的介詞；如果不定式所修飾的名詞是time，place或way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。Jackisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.杰克是個(gè)很好共事的人。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive（in）.他沒(méi)有錢(qián)，也沒(méi)有地方住。

②被修飾詞前有thefirst/second/last/very/only時(shí)常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.她總是第一個(gè)來(lái)而最后一個(gè)走。③下列名詞后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明名詞的內(nèi)容：decision，chance，plan，ability，right（權(quán)利），way等。I’msureofhisabilitytocopewiththis.我肯定他有能力應(yīng)對(duì)此事。④tobedone作定語(yǔ)多表將來(lái)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作（將要被）Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天開(kāi)的會(huì)很重要。 （5）作狀語(yǔ)（表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等）

Sheresignedherpositiontolookafterherchildren.為了照顧孩子，她辭去了工作。（表目的）Toenjoyamorespectacularsight，youmustclimbtoagreaterheight.欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。（表目的）Thecandidatereachedthecompany，onlytofindtheinterviewover.那個(gè)申請(qǐng)人到達(dá)了公司，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)面試已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。（表出乎意料的結(jié)果）Wewereinhighspiritstohearthewordsofourteacher’sencourage-ment.聽(tīng)到老師鼓勵(lì)的話，我們情緒高漲。（表原因）【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】（1）不定式todo表目的，可以放在句子中間，可以用inorderto和soasto代替表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；也可放在句首，此時(shí)只可以用inorderto代替表強(qiáng)調(diào)。（2）不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常與only連用，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示句子內(nèi)容導(dǎo)致的自然而然的結(jié)果。Theglassfelltotheground，breakingintopieces.玻璃杯掉在地上，摔成碎片。 （6）作表語(yǔ)Myjobistomakeleatherboots.我的工作是制作皮靴。（說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thenewrobotistobetestedoutnextweek.新機(jī)器人將于下周進(jìn)行測(cè)試。（不定式表將來(lái)）（7）作獨(dú)立成分（作句子狀語(yǔ)）totellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話tobeexact確切地說(shuō)toconclude總而言之tobefrank坦白地說(shuō)tobebrief簡(jiǎn)言之tobegin/startwith首先tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是Totellyouthetruth，yourclaimisquiteabsurd.說(shuō)實(shí)話，你的要求很荒謬。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】疑問(wèn)詞+不定式“who/which/when/where/how/what+todo”在句中起名詞的作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。Howtoarousethestudents’interestinlabourisveryimportant.如何激發(fā)學(xué)生的勞動(dòng)興趣很重要。（作主語(yǔ)）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Iknowwheretofindtheyoungmanwhobehaveswithintegrity.我知道到哪里去找那個(gè)行為正直的年輕人。（作賓語(yǔ)）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thequestioniswhentoraisethesalary.問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候漲工資。（作表語(yǔ)）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［2020?新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷］Theobjectiveofmostspeechesis

（benefit）theaudience.（2）［2020?天津卷］Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesire

（explore）.

（3）［2020?全國(guó)Ⅲ卷］Ourtouralsoincludesachance

（walk）inthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.（4）［2020?全國(guó)Ⅰ卷］Nothingistoosmall

（celebrate）.（5）［2020?全國(guó)Ⅰ卷］Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry

（land）aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.（6）Toclimbthemountainishardworkbut

isgreatfuntogodownthemountain.（7）

（make）upforlosttimeisimpossible，soitisnecessarytotreasureeverysecondinyourlife.（8）I’mveryhappythatmyfatherhaspromised

（go）divingwhenthesummerholidayvacationcomes.（9）Hemade

aruletoreadEnglishaloudeverymorning. tobenefit

句意：大多數(shù)演講的目的都是使聽(tīng)眾受益。toexplore句意：偉大來(lái)自持久的探索欲望。towalk

句意：我們的旅行還包括一次跟隨凡·高和高更腳步的機(jī)會(huì)。tocelebrate句意：沒(méi)有什么小事不值得慶祝。toland

句意：中國(guó)已成為首個(gè)將宇宙飛船著陸在月球遠(yuǎn)側(cè)的國(guó)家。itTomaketogoit（10）Ihadmeant

（go）toLondon.Missingthisflightmeans

（wait）anothertwohours.（11）Theteacherencouragesus

（study）hardeverydaywithencouragingwords.（12）Hewastheonlyperson

（know）thetruth，buttooursadness，hewaskilledintheconflictwitharudethief.（13）Ifyouthinkthedecisionwasimproper，youhavetheright

（appeal）toahighercourt.（14）Thesystemhastheability

（run）morethanoneprogramatthesametime.（15）Thebuilding

（build）nextyearwillbeusedasadormitorybuildingforstudents.（16）Shegavehimsomemoney

（let）himleaveatonce.（17）Wehurriedtothestation，only

（tell）thatthetrainhadleft.（18）Hisambitionis

（set）upschoolsforchildrenofpoorfamilies. togowaitingtostudytoknowtoappealtoruntobebuilttolettobetoldtoset（19）Aftergraduation，myelderbrotherchose

（出國(guó)）forfurtherstudy.（20）Everystudentintheclassconsiderithisorherownresponsibility

___________________________（保持教室清潔）.（21）Seeingmytiredmother，I

（禁不住感到）sad.Meanwhile，I

（不能幫著做）thehousework.（22）Visitors

（不允許）takephotographs.（23）Thebanisreported

（被搶劫）ofalargeamountofcash.（24）Pleasegivemeaknife

（用來(lái)切東西）.（25）EverybodythinksLilyisthelastperson

（考試作弊）. togoabroadtokeeptheclassroomcleancouldn’thelpfeelingcouldn’thelp（to）doarenotpermitted/allowedto

tohavebeenrobbedtocutwithtocheatintheexam（26）Hemadeeveryefforttogetthechance

（提升）andfinallyachievedhisdream.（27）Thequestion

（將在會(huì)上討論的）tomorrowisveryimportant.（28）

（為了讓?zhuān)﹉imleaveatonce，shegavehimsomemoney.（29）Hesaidquietlythathecamehere

（為了跟我道別）.（30）

（坦白地說(shuō)），Ireallyworriedaboutthis.（31）

（簡(jiǎn)言之），theymustunderstandtheimportanceofteachingandspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.（32）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Whatisthemostimportantis

（怎樣阻止）therumourfromspreading.

tobepromoted

tobediscussedatthemeetingTolet/Inordertoletto/inorderto/soastosaygoodbyetomeTobefrankTobebriefhowtostop/keep/prevent4動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義（1）不定式作定語(yǔ)，與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但與其邏輯主語(yǔ)，即句子主語(yǔ)，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。今天我們有很多工作要做。Wehavealotofworktodotoday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“做”是否由主語(yǔ)we完成）Wehavealotofworktobedonetoday.（不強(qiáng)調(diào)“做”是否由主語(yǔ)we完成）（2）

be+性質(zhì)形容詞+todo動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+性質(zhì)形容詞+todoThewaterisnotsuitabletodrink.這水不適合喝。Theteachermadethequestioneasytoanswer.老師使這個(gè)問(wèn)題容易回答。

（3）

betoblame應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任，該受責(zé)備betolet出租Theyoungmanfelthewastoblameforthistrafficaccident.那個(gè)年輕人覺(jué)得他應(yīng)對(duì)這起交通事故負(fù)責(zé)任。Thiscaristolet.此車(chē)出租。（4）with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Withalotofworktodo，Iwon’tgoout.有這么多工作要做，我不會(huì)出去。（do與work之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但與其邏輯主語(yǔ)，即句子主語(yǔ)I，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）（5）“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)Wedon’tknowwhattoexpect.我們不知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么。（expect與what之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但與其邏輯主語(yǔ)，即句子主語(yǔ)we，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚或不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)都可用，而且在語(yǔ)意上并沒(méi)有多大區(qū)別。Thereismuchtodo/tobedonewhentheprimeministertakesoffice.首相上任后有很多事情要做。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Hehasasister

（look）after，whichtakesupalargeamountofenergy.（2）Hedidn’tknowthefactthattheairisdifficult

（breathe）athighaltitudes.（3）Hetoldmethathisfriend’shousewas

（let）andthathewas

（blame）forthedelay.（4）Heistheveryman

（choose）forthework.完成句子（5）Whenintrouble，healwaysdependsonhim-self，ashehasnofriends

___________________（依靠）.（6）WearegladthatcomputersmakeEnglish

（容易學(xué)）.（7）

（有很多錢(qián)花），theboywasspoiled，whichmadehisparents’heartbroken.（8）Theyhaveexperiencesotheyknow

（要期待什么）.tolooktobreathetolettoblametochoose/tobechosentodependoneasytolearnWithmuchmoneytospendwhattoexpectLanguagepoints教材原句p.29 Heencouragedmetoparticipateinthesurfingcompetition.

他鼓勵(lì)我參加沖浪比賽。1participatein參與，參加（=takepartin）Ahandfulofstudentsinourclassparticipatedactivelyinbungeejumping.我們班有幾個(gè)學(xué)生積極參加了蹦極運(yùn)動(dòng)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語(yǔ)辨析】不一樣的“參加”：participatein/takepartinthesportsmeeting參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)jointhearmy/League/Party參軍/入團(tuán)/入黨joinintheconversation/discussion參與交談/討論attendthemeeting/ceremony/wedding出席會(huì)議/出席典禮/參加婚禮attendschool/class上學(xué)/上課I’msureyou’llalljoinmeinwishingTedandLauraaveryhappymarriage.我相信大家會(huì)愿意與我一起共祝特德和勞拉喜結(jié)良緣?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】participantn.參與者，參加者participationn.參與，參加 題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法核心詞匯選詞填空（participatein/join/attend）①Thoughdisabled，heoften

somesocialactivitiesinthecommunity.②Tohissatisfaction，hisson

thenavyintheend.③Themeetingisonthefifthandwe’rehopingeveryonewill

.單句語(yǔ)法填空④Ifpossible，morepeopleshouldparticipate

elections.⑤Hehasbeenanactive

（participate）inthediscussion.⑥Abackinjurypreventedmyactive

（participate）inanysportsforawhile.participatesinjoinedattendinparticipantparticipation教材原句p.29 Thecrowdstoodtoapplaudscientistsfortheirimportantoceanresearchwork.

人們起立為科學(xué)家們重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。

2applaudvt.&vi.（1）vt.&vi.鼓掌Hebegantoapplaud，buttheotherssteppedbackwards.他開(kāi)始鼓掌，但其他人都后退了。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Everyoneapplaudedhimwhenhefinallygothisdrivinglicense.他終于獲得了駕駛執(zhí)照，大家都為他鼓掌。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（2）vt.稱(chēng)贊；贊賞搭配：applaudsb.forsth.為某事稱(chēng)贊某人Doyouexpectmetoapplaudhisinaction?你以為我會(huì)對(duì)他的不作為拍手叫好嗎?［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Theteacherapplaudedhimforhiscalculating