北師大版高中英語必修四第3講：Unit10-Money-語法篇(學(xué)生版)

Unit10Money語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、不定代詞。2、不定式。不定代詞some/any/no=1\*GB3①some,any作“一些，某個”講，表示不確定的或未知的數(shù)量數(shù)目，可用在可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。some通常用于肯定陳述句中，any用于否定句，疑問句或條件狀語從句中。例：Shepickedsomeflowersfromthegarden.Doyouhaveanymoneywithyou?=2\*GB3②some可用在表示邀請或請求的句子中，表示希望對方給予肯定回答。例：MayIaskyousomequestions?=3\*GB3③any用于肯定句中，表示“任何（一個）的”。例：Youmaycomeatanytime.=4\*GB3④no=nota/notany，作定語，后跟可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。例：Ihavenochoice.Alotof/lotsof/plentyof/many/much=1\*GB3①alotof,lotsof,plentyof意為“許多，大量的”，可用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞前。例：Alotofpeoplesaythattheylivefornopurpose.Youneedtowearlotsofwarmclothes.Thereisplentyoftime.=2\*GB3②many后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，much后跟不可數(shù)名詞。例：HespeakssomeChinese,butnotmuch.Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?all/none;both/neither;either=1\*GB3①all指三個或三個以上的人或事物，both指兩個人或物，在句中都可作主語，賓語，表語，同位語或定語。例：Weareallstudents.Allofusshouldworkhard.=2\*GB3②both和all都可直接修飾名詞。名詞前有限定詞時，其前只能用bothof或allof。例：Bothofbrothersareclever.=3\*GB3③neither意為“（兩者）都不”；none意為“沒有人，一個也沒有”；either表示“兩者之一”或“（兩者中的）任何一個”，用于單數(shù)名詞，of+賓格人稱代詞或帶限定詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，作主語，賓語或定語。例：Neitherofusisadoctor.Noneofthebooksarehelpful.Herearetwobrushes.Useeither.Another/other/theother/theothers=1\*GB3①another表示三者或三者以上中的另一個，意思是“再一，又一”。一般接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。例：Lucy,wouldyoulikeanothercake?=2\*GB3②other泛指“其他的，另外的”，可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞；復(fù)數(shù)形式others表示“另一些”，相當(dāng)于other+名詞。例：Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?Somearecarryingwater,othersarewateringthetree.=3\*GB3③theother指“兩者中的另一個”，常與one連用，構(gòu)成one…theother…結(jié)構(gòu)；theothers特制一定范圍內(nèi)的“其余的人或物”。例：Mr.andMrs.Shutehavetwochildren.Oneisadaughter,andtheotherisason.Ihavegottenpencils.Twoofthemarered,theothersareblue.不定式動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to+動詞原形”，其中to是動詞不定時的符號。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。不定式具有動詞的特征，可和后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語；不定式具有名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以在句子中作主語，表語，賓語，補(bǔ)足語，定語，狀語。不定式作主語：=1\*GB3①不定式作主語，表示特指的一次性動作。Tosayisonething;todoisanother.=2\*GB3②為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語—動詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.不定式作賓語：=1\*GB3①英語中agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等動詞后需接不定式作賓語。Thegovernmentdecidedtorebuildthedamagebridge.=2\*GB3②decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等動詞后常接“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語。Thedriverwonderedhowtostartthecarinsuchacoldmorning.不定式作表語=1\*GB3①不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。Mywishistojointhearmyaftergraduation.=2\*GB3②如果主語是不定式，表示條件，表語也應(yīng)用不定式，表示結(jié)果。Toseeistobelieve.=3\*GB3③如果主語的中心詞是aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,wish等，或是以wish引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語對其作補(bǔ)充說明。Hisjobistofeedanimals.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：=1\*GB3①英語中advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,force,forbid,get,order,permit,persuade,require,teach,tell,want,wish,warn等動詞后常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，且不定式符號to不能省略。Sheaskedmetoaccompanyhertotheairport.=2\*GB3②不定式在動詞let,make,feel,hear,see,observe等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不定式符號to需省略。Theaccidentmadeusrealizethatsafetycan’tbeignored.=3\*GB3③動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語不足語時，不定式符號to可省略也可不省略。

Afterthedinnerhehelpedhismother(to)washupthedishes.不定式作定語：不定式作定語，一般都是作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。=1\*GB3①主謂關(guān)系，被修飾的名詞或代詞實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯主語。Weneedsomepeopletohelppickapples.=2\*GB3②動賓關(guān)系，被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語。Ihavemanythingstodo.同位關(guān)系，不定式是對其所修飾的名詞作解釋說明。We’vemadeaplantospendtheweekend.不定式作狀語：不定式作狀語，可表示動作的目的，結(jié)果，原因，條件和方式。=1\*GB3①todo,inordertodo,soastodo都可表示目的，但todo,inordertodo的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而soastodo只能放在句末。Ilefthomeatsevensoasto/inordertobethereontime.=2\*GB3②表結(jié)果，不定式在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中表示謂語動作的結(jié)果，不定時的動作一般在句子末尾。=1\*GB2⑴表示終結(jié)性的動詞find,see,hear,learn,discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，并且不定式前常有never,only等副詞修飾。HearrivedinNewOrleanswithoutapennyinhispocketonlytofindthattherewerenoboatsforSouthAmerica.=2\*GB2⑵在“so+adj./adv.+as+todo”中。Thesceneryissobeautifulastoattractmanypeoplehereeveryyear.=3\*GB2⑶在“adj./adv.+enough+todo”中。HeranfastenoughtocatchupwithLiLei.=4\*GB2⑷在“too+adj./adv.(forsb.)+todo”中。It’stoomuchformetoabsorballatonce.=3\*GB3③表原因，不定式常在形容詞afraid,glad,pleased,sad,worried,sorrow,surprised,excited等后面說明主語的某種心情，情感所產(chǎn)生的原因。Theyareverygladtosetfootontheirhomeland.例1.Theydon’tcometothebookclubanymore,for_____reasonsforothers.somealleitherboth例2.Neithersideispreparedtotalkto_____unlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.otherstheotheranotheroneother例3.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_____indailyconversation.usingtousehavingusedused例4.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Sometimesseems_____wrongwithit.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone例5.（2015北京豐臺高三一模）Theroad_____nextweekleadstoHighway62.A.buildingB.tobuildC.tobebuiltD.built基礎(chǔ)演練一，用some或any填空。—Whenshallwegotolookattheapartment?—Makeit_____dayyoulike;it’sallthesametome.2.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn’tanswer_____ofthem.3.—What’sthat?Itsmellsgreat!—It’smilktea.Wouldyoulike_____?4.Shegave_____ofthemeattothecat.5.Wedidthejobwithout_____difficulty.6.Dropinonmeat_____time.7.Ifhehadread_____ofthosebooks,hewouldhaveknowntheanswer.鞏固提高一，單項(xiàng)選擇。Hedoesn’thave_____furnitureinhisroom–justanolddesk.any B.many C.some D.muchThetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandshare_____witheachother.little B.much C.some D.noneIt’saneither-orsituation–wecananewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdo_____.others B.either C.each D.bothI’velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon’tlike_____ofthemverymuch.either B.any C.each D.another—John,whenshallwemeetagain,ThursdayofFriday?—_____.I’llbeofftoLondonthen.either B.Neither C.Both D.NoneLarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,but_____ofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.either B.any C.neither D.noneYouareateamstar!Workingwith_____isreallyyourcupoftea.both B.either C.others D.theotherIfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn’tface____daylikethat.other B.another C.theother D.others單項(xiàng)選擇。It’simportantforthefigures_____regularly.tobeupdated B.tohavebeenupdated C.toupdate D.tohaveupdatedMaryhastroubleinspeaking,whichmakesitdifficult_____herthoughtsandfeelings.express B.expressing C.expressed D.toexpressHetoldmethathisaimwas_____ajobaroundheretosupporthimselfwhilehestudiedintheuniversitythesedays.toget B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglostPassengersarepermitted____onlyonepieceofhardluggageontotheplane.tocarry B.carrying C.tobecarried D.beingcarriedWithsomanyproblems_____,Jacklookslikeacatonahottinroof.solved B.tosolve C.solving D.tobesolvedWithsomanythings_____,Ihavetoworklateintothenight.todealwith B.dealtwith C.dealingwith D.beingdealtwithTheability_____anideaisasimportantastheidesitself.expressing B.expressed C.toexpress D.tobeexpressedWiththeworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew_____withallbyourselveseveryday.deal B.dealt C.todeal D.dealingBird’ssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds_____away.tostay B.staying C.stayed D.stayTheoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_____anythingthathappenedtobeon.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatchedTomtookataxitotheairport,only_____hisplanehighupinthesky.finding B.tofind C.beingfound D.tohavefound（2015北京大興高三一模）Thetopic_____attomorrow’smeetingisveryimportanttoallofus,soeveryoneshouldbehereontome.discussing B.discussed C.tobediscussed D.discuss（2015北京西城高三第一學(xué)期期末）____thetravellingneedsofpassengers,ChinaRailwayCorporationhasdecidedthatpeoplecanbooktickets60daysinadvance.Meet B.Tomeet C.Met D.Meeting（2015北京豐臺高三第一學(xué)期期末）Peopleplantedtreesonthewastehills_____waterandsoilloss.todecrease B.decreasing C.decreased D.decrease（2015北京石景山高三第一學(xué)期期末）Scotlandvotedagainstindependence;morethanhalfofthepeoplechose____partoftheUnitedKingdom.remaining B.remained C.tohaveremained D.toremain__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，完形填空。IsetupaclassroomlibraryofbooksthatIbought1myownmoney.Thelibrarylooksbeautiful,likea2.Andmystudents3itverymuch.Ireadthechildrenastory.Itisaboutagirlwhois4poorthatshewearsthe5dresstoschooleveryday.Butshesaysshehasahundreddress6.Theothergirlslaughatheruntilshegoesaway.7,herclassmatesdiscovershereallyhasahundreddresses–ahundredbeautifuldrawingsofdresses.Oh,God,everychild8whenIclosethebook.9amomenteverythingisquiet.Thenaboy10inmyear,“Ihavetotelltheclasssomething.”HeshowsmethathehashalfafingerIturnhimtowardstheclassandputmy12onhisshoulder.Heisabit13.“I…Ionlyhavenineandahalffingers.”He14hishands.“Pleasedon’tlaughatmeaboutit.”Thestudentsbecome15.Thenoneboycallsout,“16whomakes17ofyou,I’llkickthem.”“Me,too,”says18.Whentheboyseestheclass19united(團(tuán)結(jié)),heisvery20andsmilesatme.1.A.with B.in C.for D.use2.A.fruitshop B.booksh