高考英語(yǔ)閱讀細(xì)節(jié)理解題三步法帶練(17)講義

一、高考英語(yǔ)閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題三步法：第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，比較等關(guān)系）第三步，利用正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語(yǔ)態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡(jiǎn)化或概括原文，正話反說(shuō))高考英語(yǔ)閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題三步法帶練Besideshealthysoil,allplantsalsoneedwater.Thismakesithardtogrowplantswhereit'sdry.ButresearchersinTexasmayhavefoundawaytokeepplantsindryareasfromdyingofthirst.Theyhavedevelopedasoiladditive.Whenmixedintotheground,itwilltakewaterfromtheairtosharewithplants.Theirinventionisasuper-moisture-absorbedgel(凝膠),orSMAG.Itabsorbswaterfromtheairduringthenight.Whenthesunwarmsitthenextday,thatgelreleasesthewateritholdsintotherootareaoftheplants.Thegel-basedmaterial“canbeusedasasoilenhancer(強(qiáng)化劑),aswellasareplacementforsoilingreenhousesforcropplanting,”saidMr.Brown.He'sanengineerattheUniversityofTexas-Austin.Heledtheteamthatdevelopedthegel.Dependingontheplantsbeinggrown,hesaid,thismaterialcouldbe“directlymixedwithsoilincertainamounts”.Theresearchdecidedtousethisprocesstoaidplants.Thegeltheymixwithsoilabsorbsmorningdew(露水)andholdsit.Thenextday,thegelwillslowlyreleasethatwaterintothesoil.Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.Thegel-treatedsoillostabout60percentofthewaterthatithadstartedwithaboutamonthearlier.Bycomparison,theuntreatedsoillost80percentofitswaterinjustoneweek.Scientistsbelievefuturestudieswillhelpthemunderstandifthegelcouldbeusedforlarger,outdoorfields.Ifitcan,thewatercollectedbythegel-treatedsoilcouldallowcropstobegrownindrierclimates,whereirrigationisnotpractical.1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?A.Tomakesoilmuchsofter.B.Toprotectwaterresources.C.Tohelpsoilgetextrawater.D.Toincreaseagriculturaloutput.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?為什么研究人員要開(kāi)發(fā)SMAG第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，比較等關(guān)系）Besideshealthysoil,allplantsalsoneedwater.Thismakesithardtogrowplantswhereit'sdry.ButresearchersinTexasmayhavefoundawaytokeepplantsindryareasfromdyingofthirst.Theyhavedevelopedasoiladditive.Whenmixedintotheground,itwilltakewaterfromtheairtosharewithplants.除了健康的土壤，所有的植物也需要水。這使得在干燥的地方很難種植植物。但德克薩斯州的研究人員可能已經(jīng)找到了一種方法，可以防止干旱地區(qū)的植物因口渴而死亡。他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種土壤添加劑。當(dāng)混合到地下時(shí)，它會(huì)從空氣中吸收水分，與植物分享。Theirinventionisasuper-moisture-absorbedgel(凝膠),orSMAG.Itabsorbswaterfromtheairduringthenight.Whenthesunwarmsitthenextday,thatgelreleasesthewateritholdsintotherootareaoftheplants.他們的發(fā)明是一種超吸濕凝膠(凝膠)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)SMAG。它在夜間從空氣中吸收水分。當(dāng)?shù)诙焯?yáng)使它變暖時(shí)，這種凝膠就會(huì)把它所含的水釋放到植物的根部。第三步，利用正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語(yǔ)態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡(jiǎn)化或概括原文，正話反說(shuō))1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?為什么研究人員要開(kāi)發(fā)SMAGA.Tomakesoilmuchsofter.使土壤更柔軟。B.Toprotectwaterresources.怎樣保護(hù)水資源C.Tohelpsoilgetextrawater.幫助土壤獲得額外的水分。（原文直接對(duì)應(yīng)）D.Toincreaseagriculturaloutput.增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?A.Itcanonlybesuitableforgreenhousecrops.B.Itshouldbeusedinthemorning.C.Itneedstobeusedafterrain.D.Itcanbemixedwithsoil.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?關(guān)于SMAG的使用，我們能了解到什么第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，比較等關(guān)系）Thegel-basedmaterial“canbeusedasasoilenhancer(強(qiáng)化劑),aswellasareplacementforsoilingreenhousesforcropplanting,”saidMr.Brown.He'sanengineerattheUniversityofTexas-Austin.Heledtheteamthatdevelopedthegel.Dependingontheplantsbeinggrown,hesaid,thismaterialcouldbe“directlymixedwithsoilincertainamounts”.布朗先生說(shuō)，這種凝膠基材料“可以用作土壤增強(qiáng)劑(強(qiáng)化劑)，也可以替代溫室里種植作物的土壤”。他是德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的工程師。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了這種凝膠。他說(shuō)，根據(jù)種植的植物，這種材料可以“以一定數(shù)量直接與土壤混合”。第三步，利用正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語(yǔ)態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡(jiǎn)化或概括原文，正話反說(shuō))2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?關(guān)于SMAG的使用，我們能了解到什么A.Itcanonlybesuitableforgreenhousecrops.它只能適用于溫室作物。B.Itshouldbeusedinthemorning.應(yīng)該在早上使用。C.Itneedstobeusedafterrain.它需要雨后使用。D.Itcanbemixedwithsoil.它可以與土壤混合（原文直接對(duì)應(yīng)）3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?A.Bycomparingplantsindifferenttypesofgel-treatedsoil.B.Bycomparingthegel-treatedsoilonroofswiththatingreenhouses.C.Bycomparingdifferentplantswiththesamekindofgel-treatedsoil.D.Bycomparingthewatercontentofthegel-treatedsoilwiththatofthenormalsoil.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?工程師是如何測(cè)試SMAG的效果的第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，比較等關(guān)系）Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.Thegel-treatedsoillostabout60percentofthewaterthatithadstartedwithaboutamonthearlier.Bycomparison,theuntreatedsoillost80percentofitswaterinjustoneweek.工程師們測(cè)試了土壤添加劑，以便在學(xué)校一棟建筑的屋頂上種植植物。在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，他們將僅在沙土中生長(zhǎng)的植物與在混合了凝膠的沙土中生長(zhǎng)的植物進(jìn)行了比較。經(jīng)過(guò)凝膠處理的土壤失去了大約一個(gè)月前開(kāi)始的60%的水分。相比之下，未經(jīng)處理的土壤在一周內(nèi)損失了80%的水分。第三步，利用正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語(yǔ)態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡(jiǎn)化或概括原文，正話反說(shuō))3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?工程師是如何測(cè)試SMAG的效果的?A.Bycomparingplantsindifferenttypesofgel-treatedsoil.通過(guò)比較不同類(lèi)型凝膠處理土壤中的植物。B.Bycomparingthegel-treatedsoilonroofswiththatingreenhouses.通過(guò)比較凝膠處理過(guò)的屋頂土壤和溫室土壤。C.Bycomparingdifferentplantswiththesamekindofgel-treatedsoil.通過(guò)比較不同植物與同一種凝膠處理過(guò)的土壤。D.Bycomparingthewatercontentofthegel-treatedsoilwiththatofthenormalsoil.通過(guò)比較凝膠處理土壤與正常土壤的含水量。（原文直接對(duì)應(yīng)）Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.工程師們測(cè)試了土壤添加劑，以便在學(xué)校一棟建筑的屋頂上種植植物。在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，他們將僅在沙土中生長(zhǎng)的植物與在混合了凝膠的沙土中生長(zhǎng)的植物進(jìn)行了比較。LeadingmuseumsintheUnitedStatesarecoveringuporclosingdisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalobjectsowingtonewfederalrules.Thenewregulationsrequiremuseumstoobtain“free,priorandinformedpermission”fromtriballeadersbeforedisplayingancestralheritageitems.TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYorkCity,thelargestnaturalhistorymuseumintheworld,announcedonJan26thatitwouldclosetwohallsspanning10,000squarefeetwithNativeAmericanexhibits,astheexhibitsare“severelyoutdated”.“Thehallsweareclosingcontainartifacts(歷史文物)ofanerawhenmuseumssuchasoursdidnotrespectthevalues,perspectivesandindeedsharedhumanityofNativeAmericans,”museumPresidentSeanDecatursaidinalettertothestaff,TheNewYorkTimesreported.“Thenumberofculturalobjectsondisplayinthesehallsissignificant,andbecausetheseexhibitsarealsoseverelyoutdated,wehavedecidedthatratherthanjustcoveringorremovingspecificitems,wewillclosethehalls,”Decatursaid.Themovecomesbecauseoftheimplementation(執(zhí)行)inearlyJanuaryofupdatedregulationsundertheNativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct(NAGPRA).Overthenextfiveyears,museums,universities,artinstitutionsandsimilarplacesarerequiredtoundertakeessentialupdatestoprepareallhumanremainsandrelatedfunerary(葬禮的)objectsforrepatriation(遣送),makingsurethattribeshavemorepowerandincreasedauthoritythroughouttheprocess.“Theultimategoalofthelawisnottocoverupexhibitions.It'snottopreventappropriateeducationaboutdiversenativecultures.It'saboutrepairingandrepatriatingitemsthathavebeenstolenoverthelastcoupleofcenturiesandreturningthemtotherightfulpeople,”ShannonO'Loughlin,theCEOoftheAssociationonAmericanIndianAffairssaid.Chicago'sFieldMuseumearlierthismonthalsoclosedseveraldisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalitems.TheFieldMuseumhasoneofthebiggestcollectionsofNativeAmericanremainsinthecountryandopenedanewpermanentexhibitioninthespringof2022thatdisplacedthemuseum'slongstandingNativeAmericanexhibitionsincethe1950s.HarvardUniversity,whichhasmorethan5,000NativeAmericanhumanremains,hassaiditwillremoveallNativeAmericanfuneraryitemsfromitsexhibits.“Exhibitionshavealwaysbeendiscussedduringtribaldiscussionsandculturalitemshavebeenremovedfromdisplayatthetribalrequest.WiththenewNAGPRAregulations,themuseumisintheprocessofremovingallthefunerarybelongingsandlikelyfunerarybelongingsoffdisplay,”HarvardUniversity’sPeabodyMuseumofArchaeologyandEthnology,saidinastatement.1.WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?A.ItsetaboutdisplayingNativeAmericanculturalobjects.B.IthandedfuneraryobjectstoAmericanIndians.C.ItcollectedsomeNativeAmericanbelongings.D.Itopenedanewpermanentexhibition.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?芝加哥菲爾德博物館在2022年春天做了什么?第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，比較等關(guān)系）Chicago'sFieldMuseumearlierthismonthalsoclosedseveraldisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalitems.TheFieldMuseumhasoneofthebiggestcollectionsofNativeAmericanremainsinthecountryandopenedanewpermanentexhibitioninthespringof2022thatdisplacedthemuseum'slongstandingNativeAmericanexhibitionsincethe1950s.本月早些時(shí)候，芝加哥菲爾德博物館也關(guān)閉了幾場(chǎng)以美國(guó)原住民文化項(xiàng)目為特色的展覽。菲爾德博物館擁有美國(guó)最大的印第安人遺骸收藏之一，并于2022年春天開(kāi)設(shè)了一個(gè)新的永久性展覽，取代了該博物館自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)長(zhǎng)期舉辦的印第安人展覽。第三步，利用正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)，確定答案(明確近義詞替換原文信息，關(guān)注變換原文語(yǔ)態(tài)詞性或詞形，簡(jiǎn)化或概括原文，正話反說(shuō))1.WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?芝加哥菲爾德博物館在2022年春天做了什么?A.ItsetaboutdisplayingNativeAmericanculturalobjects.它開(kāi)始展示美洲原住民的文化物品。B.IthandedfuneraryobjectstoAmericanIndians.它把陪葬品交給了美洲印第安人C.ItcollectedsomeNativeAmericanbelongings.它收集了一些印第安人的遺物。D.Itopenedanewpermanentexhibition.它開(kāi)設(shè)了一個(gè)新的常設(shè)展覽。2.HowisHarvardUniversitydealingwithallthefunerarybelongings?A.Bysellingthemtootherpeople.B.Byputtingtheminsomelabs.C.Bytakingthemawayfromitsexhibits.D.Bycoveringthemwithpiecesofcloth.第一步，初步讀題干，弄清楚關(guān)鍵詞所在位置和明確答題方向2.HowisHarvardUniversitydealingwithallthefunerarybelongings?哈佛大學(xué)是如何處理這些隨葬物品的第二步，迅速定位和找出題干關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的近義詞，反義詞或者解釋性信息，最好明確句間邏輯關(guān)系和段間邏輯關(guān)系（因果，遞進(jìn)，解釋?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，比較等關(guān)系）HarvardUniversity,whichhasmorethan5,000NativeAmericanhumanremains,hassaiditwill