跨文化交際考試大綱

跨文化交際考試大綱課程編碼：跨文化交際課程性質(zhì)：專業(yè)必修課時(shí)：36學(xué)分：2開課學(xué)期：第6學(xué)期先修課程：英語國家概況，語言學(xué)，英美文學(xué)適用專業(yè)：商務(wù)英語專業(yè)一、考試目的本課程的考試目的主要考核學(xué)生對(duì)理論知識(shí)的掌握與聯(lián)系實(shí)際情況，即對(duì)課內(nèi)教材和教師的授課內(nèi)容的掌握與聯(lián)系實(shí)際情況等。二、考試的內(nèi)容及要求（一）緒論考試內(nèi)容：1．跨文化交際的概念、意義。2．跨文化交際學(xué)的學(xué)科性質(zhì)和發(fā)展歷史。要求：掌握跨文化交際的概念，了解跨文化交際的意義、歷史、學(xué)科發(fā)展史。（二）第一章交際與文化考試內(nèi)容：1．交際的概念和特性。2．文化的定義與特征。3．文化與交際的關(guān)系。要求：掌握文化與交際的概念，了解交際的特性、文化的特征，理解文化與交際之間的關(guān)系。（三）第二章文化的影響考試內(nèi)容：1．文化的多樣性2．文化的深層結(jié)構(gòu)要求：掌握文化模式的概念，了解交際的多樣性，理解文化的深層結(jié)構(gòu)。（四）第三章語言與文化考試內(nèi)容：1．語言與交際的關(guān)系，其中包括語音、語義、句法、語用與跨文化交際的關(guān)系。2．語言的翻譯。要求：通過各種實(shí)例、練習(xí)了解語音、語義、句法、語用與跨文化交際的關(guān)系。（五）第四章非言語交際考試內(nèi)容：1．非言語交際的概念、功能、特征。2．非言語的詞義和語用。3．人體語、時(shí)間語、空間語。4．其他非言語信息。要求：了解非言語交際的研究概況、功能、特征，了解并學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)使用一批常用的非言語，掌握一些常見的不同文化背景下的體態(tài)語。（六）第五章文化對(duì)商業(yè)語境的影響考試內(nèi)容：1．文化與商業(yè)語境2．國際商業(yè)語境3．國內(nèi)商業(yè)語境要求：了解文化價(jià)值觀對(duì)商業(yè)語境的影響，并通過與中國傳統(tǒng)交易方式的對(duì)比，掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化形勢下如何進(jìn)行有效溝通，成功進(jìn)行國際競爭的原則和技巧。（七）第六章文化對(duì)教育語境的影響考試內(nèi)容：1．教育體制差異性2．多元文化教育背景3．多元文化背景下的教學(xué)方式要求：通過學(xué)習(xí)中外教育體制，了解不同文化中教育理念的差異，以及課堂中師生角色的期待差異所導(dǎo)致的不同課堂風(fēng)格和教學(xué)方法。（八）第七章文化對(duì)保健語境的影響考試內(nèi)容：1．疾病預(yù)防及治療的文化差異性2．性別文化體現(xiàn)在保健語境中的差異性要求：了解不同文化中保健理念的差異，了解性別文化差異性在保健語境中的體現(xiàn)，理解文化差異性可能導(dǎo)致的保健語境中的交際失誤。（九）第八章培養(yǎng)跨文化交際意識(shí)考試內(nèi)容：影響跨文化交際的因素要求：進(jìn)一步了解文化的差異性，多元性和發(fā)展性。三、考試方法、考試時(shí)間及試題類型1．考試方法：筆試2.計(jì)分方式：3.考試時(shí)間：期末試卷考試時(shí)間為120分鐘4.試題類型：(1)選擇題（10%)(2)判斷題（10%)(3)問答題（20%)(4)案例分析題（20%)(5)閱讀理解題（20%)(6)綜合寫作（20%)四、教材與主要參考資料1.教材：2.主要參考資料：Samovar,LarryA.CommunicationbetweenCultures.北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社.2000胡超《跨文化交際實(shí)用教程》北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2013顧曰國《跨文化交際》北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2009許力生《跨文化交際英語教程》上海：外語教育出版社，2008五、樣題PartOne:TrueorFalse(15points)Directions:ReadthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.AndwriteTorFontheanswersheet.1.Incountrieswithhighuncertaintyavoidance,peopletendtoensurecertaintyandsecuritythroughanextensivesetofrulesandregulations.2.Cultureisastaticentitywhilecommunicationisadynamicprocess.3.Allculturesrequireandvaluepoliteness,butthewayinwhichpolitenessisachievedmayvarysignificantly.A.Theywillinviteafriendtoafirst-classrestaurant.B.Theywillentertainafriendwithhome-madedinner.C.Theywillinviteabusinesspartnertotheirhomes.D.TheywilltakethebusinesspartnertoaMacDonald.Passage2Linguisticallyspeaking,peoplearenotbornfree.Weinheritalanguage;evenmoreimportantly,weinheritcertainfixedwaysofexpressionthatmayshackleourthoughts.Languagebecomesourshaperofideasratherthansimplyourtoolforreportingideas.ThewayinwhichcultureaffectslanguagebecomesclearbycomparinghowtheEnglishandHopilanguagesrefertoH2Oinitsliquidstate.English,likemostotherEuropeanlanguages,hasonlyoneword–“water”–anditpaysnoattentiontowhatthesubstanceisusedfororitsquality.TheHopiofArizona,ontheotherhand,usepahetomeanthelargeamountsofwaterpresentinnaturallakesorrivers,andkeyiforthesmallamountsindomesticjugsandcanteens.English,though,makesotherdistinctionsthatHopidoesnot.ThespeakerofEnglishiscarefultodistinguishbetweenalakeandstream,betweenawaterfallandageyer;butpahemakesnodistinctionamonglakes,ponds,rivers,streams,waterfalls,andsprings.AHopispeaker,ofcourse,knowsthatthereisadifferencebetweenageyer,whichspurtsupward,andawaterfall,whichplungesdownward,eventhoughhisorhervocabularymakesnosuchdistinction.Similarly,aspeakerofEnglishknowsthatacanteenofwaterdiffersfromariverofwater.ButtherealpointofthiscomparisonisthatneithertheHopinortheAmericanusesanywherenearthepossiblenumberofwordsthatcouldbeappliedtowaterinallofitsstates,quantities,forms,andfunctions.Eachculturedefinesthecategoriesintermsofthesimilaritiesitdetects;itchannelsamultitudeofideasintothefewcategoriesthatitconsidersimportant.ThecultureofeveryspeakerofEnglishtellshimorherthatitisimportanttodistinguishbetweenoceans,lakes,rivers,fountains,andwaterfalls–butrelativelyunimportanttomakethedistinctionbetweenthewaterinacanteeninhisorhercanoeandthewaterunderneaththesamecanoe.Eachculturehascategorizedexperiencethroughlanguageinaquiteunconsciousway.ThepossibilityofsucharelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturehasbeenformulatedintoahypothesisbytwoAmericanlinguists,SapirandWhorf.Accordingtothem,wedonotliveinthemidstofthewholeworld,butonlyinapartofit,thepartthatourlanguageletsusknow.ToSapirandWhorf,languageprovidesadifferentnetworkoftracksforeachsociety,which,asaresult,concentratesononlycertainaspectsofreality.Questions6-10arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustread.6. Accordingtothepassage,peoplearenotbornfreebecause________. A.ourperceptionoftheworldisconfinedbyourlanguage. B.ourexpressionofideasisconfinedbyourlanguage. C.ourlinguisticcapabilityisconfinedbyourphysicallimitations. D.ourlinguisticcapabilityisconfinedbyourculture.7. ThedifferencebetweentheHopiwords“pahe”and“keyi”isprobably_______. A.betweenthelargeamountandthesmallamountofwater. B.betweenthewaterinthelakesandwaterintherivers.C.betweenthewaterinawaterfallandinaspring. D.betweenthewaterofnaturalandthatofdomesticexistence.8. InwhichwayisHopilanguagesimilartoEnglish? A.Bothlanguagesclassifythemeaningofwordsaccordingtosimilarities. B.Bothlanguagescantellthedifferencebetweengeyserandwaterfall. C.Bothlanguageshavewordstodescribewaterinallofitsstatesandforms. D.Bothlanguagescandescribethestates,quantities,formsandfunctionsofwater.9. AccordingtoSapirandWhorf,whichofthefollowingstatementisright? A.Languageisusedonlyasatooltoreportourthoughtsandideas. B.Languagewillinfluenceculture,butculturewillnotinfluencelanguage. C.Ourworldviewisbuiltuppurposelyonthelanguagehabitofthegroup. D.Thedifferencesbetweenlanguagesaremuchmorethanmereobstaclestocommunication.10. Whatmightthefollowingparagraphsbemainlyabout? A.MoredifferencesinHopiandEnglishlanguage. B.Thedifferentnetworkoftracksforeachsociety. C.ExamplestoillustrateSapirandWhorf’stheory. D.Thevariousaspectsthatlanguageallowsustoconcentrate.Passage3Humanbeingsbuildnotonlytoprovideshelterbutalsotoprovidestructuresfororderingrelationshipsandactivities.Ourculturesarebuiltintothelayoutofcities,villagesandfarmland,andinthedesignofbuilding.Thesephysicalformsbothreflectandarereflectedinsocialpatternsandinthelanguageswespeak.MostofthecitiesandtownsoftheUnitedStatesarearrangedinagridpatternofright-angledstreets.AmapofNewYorkCityshowsthatthestreetsrunningeastandwestarenumberedinsequence.Thirty-fourthStreet(famousforitslargedepartmentstores)issouthofForty-secondStreet(famousforitmovietheatres).Thenorth-southstreetsarealsonumberedinsequencebutarecalledavenues.FifthAvenuewithitsfashionableshopsiseastofSeventhAvenue,homeofthefashionindustry.OnthesoutherntipofManhattanThenamingandnumberingsystemvariesfromcitytocity,butthebasicgridpatternisthesame.Thegridpatternhasmanyadvantages,butforawonderfulholidaytrip,IwouldchoosetogoFrance.IfyoulookatamapofFrancethatshowsthehighwaysystem,theradiatingstarisclearlyvisible.Thestarpatternisalsovisibleinthesocialandpoliticallifethecountry.InFrancepeopleliveintownsandvillageswherethechurchandtownhallareatthecenter.InaFrenchofficetheleader’sofficeisatthecenter,andyoucantellhowimportantanyoneintheorganizationisbyhowfarhisorherofficeisfromtheleader’soffice.Frenchleadersfollowthetraditionofremodelingasectionofthecityorbuildinganewmonumenttoensurethatthecityisaswondrousinthefutureasitwasinthepast.Themostimportantbuildings,eventsandorganizationsareinthecenterofParisandthepoorer,lessimportantpeopleliveinthesuburbs.Questions11-15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustread.11. WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofbuildingsofhumanbeings? A.Toshelterusfromallkindsofweathers. B.Toreflecttheideaoforderingsociallife. C.Toshowpatternsthepatternsofthesociety.D.Toshowthecreativityofthespecificculture12. Whatdoesthephrase“agridpattern”possiblymean? A.Apatternconsistingofnumbers. B.Apatternconsistingofsquares. C.Astrangepattern. D.Aregularpattern.13. WhatcanweinferaboutthestreetsinNewYorkCityfromthe2ndparagraph? A.Allthenamesofstreetsweredecidedlongagobytheearliestsettlersofthecity. B.Thenamesofstreetsaregivenaccordingtothemainattractionsofthestreets. C.Broadwayisastreetinwhichpeoplewilloftenhavetroublefindingtheirway. D.Broadwayissodifferentbecauseitwasintendedtobemadetobefamous.14. Ifthenamesofstreetsarearrangedinalphabeticalorder,mostprobablytheplaceisa______. A.villagenearParis B.suburbanareainFrance C.towninUnitedStates D.farminMidwestofAmerica15. Accordingtowhatyouhaveinferredfromthepassage,whichofthefollowingwordwouldyouliketousetodescribetheeducationalsystemofFrance? A.centralized B.presidential C.peripheral D.democraticPartFour:MultipleChoiceQuestions:(20points)Directions:Studythefollowingmini-casesandchoosetherightanswertothequestionaskedaftereachcase,andwritethecorrespondingletterontheanswersheet.1.Jared,anAmerican,nowlivesinMorocco(摩洛哥).HedecidestoinviteaMoroccanfriendtoapicnicatthebeachonSaturday.WhenJaredasksifhewillcome,“Perhaps”theMoroccanfriendsaysinEnglish,translatingfromtheArabicexpression“InshaAllah”,whichliterallymeans“IfitisGod’swill”.Jaredfeelshurt.WhatdoestheMoroccanfriendmean?A. Hedoeswanttogo,butheisnotsurewhetherhewillbeavailablethen.B. Hedoesn’twanttogoand“InshaAllah”istheMuslims’waytosay“no”indirectly.C. HewantstowaitforAllahtodecideforhimwhethertogoornotlikeotherMuslims.D. Hedoesn’twanttogowithJared.InMuslimculture,itisconsideredinappropriatefortwopeopleofthesamesextowalktogetherinpublic.2.Kitty,anAmericanstudent,studiedandlivedinIndia.OnceherhostfamilyandKittywereinvitedtoaspecialdinneratarelative’shouse.Duringthelongpreparationofthedinner,shereadandhighlightedhertextbook.Tomakeherselfcomfortable,sheplacedherfeetonthechair.Severalvisitorsstaredatherwithanguishedlooks.Whatdidshedowrong?A. InIndia,itisrudetoreadalonewhileothervisitorsaretalkingtoeachother.B. InIndia,booksareconsideredsacred,andwritinginitisimproper.C. InIndia,puttingyourfeetonachairisarudebehavior–you’llmakethechairunclean.D. InIndia,itisarudebehaviordirectingyourfeetorthesolesofyourshoestowardothers.3.GeorgewantstosetupabranchofhisconsultingfirminSeoul,A. Georgeshouldnothaveapproachedthemdirectlywithoutgettingthroughathirdparty.B. Koreans,highuncertaintyavoidingpeople,areunwillingtoshifttoanewjob.C. Koreans,whoarecollectivists,prefertostaywiththeirfirstemployeroutofasenseofloyalty.D. Koreans,whopreferanindirectcommunicationstyle,willnotacceptthefirstoffer.4.BobworksforanAmericanITcompany.OncehewassenttoBuenosAires(布宜諾斯艾利斯)tomakeamarketingpresentationforanArgentineancompany.Uponhisarrival,hewastoldthatthepresentationwaspostponedfortwodaysandthathecouldusethetimetorestandseethesites.Heinsistedthathewasfitandreadyforthepresentation.EventuallyBobandhisArgentineancounterpartssattogetherbuthenoticedthatnoneoftheexecutivesatthemeetingseemedinterested.HowdoyouexplaintheArgentineans’attitude?A. TheywerenotinterestedinBob’spresentation.That’stheirindirectwaytorefusehim.B. TheywereproudoftheircultureandsawBob’slackofenthusiasmtoseethesightsasaninsult.C. TheirinitialoffertodelaythepresentationwastheirwayofallowingenoughtimetoknowBob:theywantedtobuildagoodpersonalrelationshipwithhim.D. TheArgentineanspreferredthehigh-contextinteractionstyle,anddidnotlikeBob’sstyleofcommunication,whichislow-context.5.TonyteachesEnglishliteratureinJapan.TheJapanesestudentsareveryquietandpolite.Buttohisannoyance,Tonyfindsthattheyrepeatedlyturntheireyesawayfromhimdespitehisgreatefforttoestablisheyecontactwiththemwhiletalking.Tonyfeelsdepressedandunsureofhimself.“AmIagoodteacher?Aretheyinterested?”Doyouknowwhy?A. ItisconsideredrudeinJapantolookaforeignerintheeye.B. TheJapanesestudents’avoidanceofeyecontactisasignofrespect,notlackofinterest.C. That’stheJapanesesilentwaytosay“Weadmireyou”.D.TheJapanesestudentsmeantthattheynotimpressedbyhislecturethroughtheuseofeyes.6.Sarah,anAmericanwoman,waitedinhercarinfrontofadrive-throughfast-foodwindow,andorderedacheeseburgerandsoftdrink.Theclerk’srighthandwasonthecashregister,hisleftatthewindow.Whenhehandedherordertoher,helookedawaybriefly,andthensaidtoSarah,“Verysorry.Inmycountry,Ghana(加納),itisveryrudetodothis.”Doyouknowwhytheclerksaid“sorry”?A. BecauseinGhanaitisrudetopassfoodwiththelefthand.B. BecauseinGhanaitisrudetostareatpeople.C. BecauseinGhanaitisrudetokeepaladywaitingforabovefiveminutes.D. BecauseinGhanaitisrudetotalktopeoplewithoutknowingwhotheyare.7.TomandSimonaretalkingaboutthequicktripSimonhasjusttakentotheirco-opinKorea.Tom:Howdidthevisittotheco-opgo?Simon:Quitewell,Ithinkthey'reinterestedinusingmyexpertise.Tom:Didtheyshowyouaround?Simon:Yes.Isawthewholeco-op.Tom:Thewholething!Thatmusthavetakenhours.Simon:Actually,wewereinandoutinlessthan30minutes.Theysaidanotherguywascomingatnoon.Q:WhatdoyouthinkofSimon’s30-minutetrip?Whatdoesitsuggest?A. Sinceanotherguywascoming,theywereforcedtomakeSimon’stripshort.B. Theyweren’tinterestedinSimon’sexpertise;thestoryaboutthe“anotherguy”wasjustanexcuse.C. Theco-opwasveryefficient–goodnewsforSimon.D. Simonwasjustoneofthecandidates–hemayormaynotbeacceptedbytheco-op.8.InaJapanesestore,thesalesclerktriestosellacustomeranexpensivepearlnecklace.Andthecustomerformsacirclewiththethumbandindexfingerofhisrighthand,andmeantimewaveshisopenlefthandbackandforthinfrontofhimasifhewerechasingamosquitoawayfromhim.Whatdoeshemeanbythesetwogestures?A. Allright,Ilikeit.B. No,it’sfake.You’realiar.C. Ok.You’vedoneagreatjob.D. No,Ihavenomoney.9.AnAmericanandhisfamilymovedbacktotheUS,afterhavingspent10yearsinIndonesia.Atfirstthingswentquitewell–theyfoundahouse,acarandaschoolfortheirdaughter,andevenaprofitablejob!Butsoonproblemsarose.Theygotsomanytelephonecallseveryday:notonlyfriendswhowantedtotalk,butcompanieswhowantedthemtobuythings.Itwasthesamewiththemail.Everydaytheyreceivedasmanyas10lettersfrombusinessesandorganizationsthatwantedtosellthemproductsorservicestheydidn’twant.Anotherstrangethingwasrules.Therearerulesabouteverything:howfaryoucanparkyourcarfromthecorner,whereyourideyourbicycle,whichdoorsyoucangoinandout,whatyoucanputinyourrubbish.Theworldwasnotwhatitusedtobe.Howdoyouinterprettheirproblems?A. Theyweresufferingfromintensecultureshock.B. Theyweretroubledbyreversecultureshockorreentryshock.C. Theywereexperiencingracialdiscrimination.D. Theyweresufferingfromnegativestereotypes10.AandBaremeetinginthelobbyofahotel.Afterthefirstfiveminutes,theybothfeeluncomfortable.Astandssoclosethathisfac