Unit1ScienceFictionDiscoverUsefulStructures被動語態(tài)課件高中英語人教版選擇性

UNIT1

SCIENCEFICTIONReviewUsefulStructuresCompareFindoutthesubjectandobjectineachsentence.WhatvoiceisusedSomebodycleansthisroomeveryday.Thisroomiscleanedeveryday.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)Thestreetiscleanedbythedustmeneverymorning.Thedustmencleanesthestreeteverymorning.Scanthereadingtextandunderlinealltheverbsinthepassivevoice.Thendiscusswithapartnerwhythepassivevoiceisused.①Itwasgoingtobetestedout

byLarry'swife,Claire.②Nowshewasbeinglookedafter

byarobotthatlookedsohuman,anditwasdisturbing.③Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathy

byarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.④Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyher

totheshops,hewroteoutalistofthingsthathewouldneedforhisworkonthehouse.⑤Tonyexpectedthatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbeready.⑥Thesaleswomantherewasrudetoher,sosherangTonyandtoldhimshewasbeingtreatedbadly.被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。be+done一般來說，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。主要用于需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者、不必要指出動作執(zhí)行者的情況，或出于語篇銜接連貫的需要，用于通知、通告、科技類文章以示客觀。

Hisfamilylivedinasmallwoodenhouse.Thehousewasbuiltaftertheflood2yearsago.在“be+動詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動詞be有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，變化規(guī)則與系動詞be相同。時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞Theschoolwallsarepaintedeveryyear.一般過去時was

/were+過去分詞Iwasinvitedtothetalkshowyesterday.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞Thematterwillbelookedintointhefuture.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞Theshiphasbeenrepaired.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞Twomenarebeingquestionedbythepolice.過去進(jìn)行時was

/were+being+過去分詞TheroadswerebeingbuiltwhenIpassedby.1.常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成例句過去完成時had+been+過去分詞Thefirehadbeenputoutwhenthefirefightersarrived.將來完成時willhavebeen+過去分詞Thedrawingwillhavebeencompletedbytheendofthisweek.情態(tài)動詞1.常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.2.使用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況(1).不知道或不必提及動作的執(zhí)行者這類被動句的特點(diǎn)是不用by引出動作的執(zhí)行者。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.(2).強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，把承受者作為談話的中心時，用被動語態(tài)。這類被動句可以用by引出動作的執(zhí)行者，也可以不用。Manybuildingsweredestroyedinthebigfire.(3).出于禮貌或某種原因，避免說出動作的執(zhí)行者時Youwillbecontacted.

我們會和你聯(lián)系的。(4).公告、通知、新聞報道、報紙標(biāo)題、科技文章中Rubbishisstrictlyprohibited

here.

此處嚴(yán)禁倒垃圾。(公告)1.Thatplay_______________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.2.Thebook________________(print)nowandwillcomeout

soon.3.Planes,carsandtrains_____________(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.4.

A

beautifulhorse______________(draw)

byJohntheotherday.5.Theoldmanisill.

He_________________(mustsend)to

hospitalatonce.用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)和語態(tài)完成句子willbeputareusedwasdrawnisbeingprintedmustbesent6.Hesaidthework________________(finish)inaweek.7.TheChildren’sPalace____________________(build)lastmonth.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.8.Shelookedatthelanternsthat___________________(light)byherfather.9.Thedrawing_______________________(complete)bytheendofthisweek.wouldbefinishedwasbeingbuilthadbeenlightedwillhavebeencompleted1Whatisdonecannot_________.(undo)2Janet______________chairwomanofthestudentunionlastmonth.(elect)beundonewaselectedn.女主席木已成舟。珍妮特上個月當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會主席。Completethesentenceswithappropriateformsoftheverbsinbrackets.ThentrytotranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.3Twohundredgrammesofflourshould___________tothecakemix.(add)4A3,000-seatvenue___________________forthecircusperformanceinNovember.(build)5.Workingefficiency________________sincethisnewsoftwarewasadopted.(improve)n.克(重量單位)n.面粉n.活動場地beaddedwillbebuilt/wasbuilt蛋糕里需要加入兩百克面粉。一個擁有三千座位，供馬戲表演使用的場地于十一月/將在十一月建成。自從采用了新軟件，工作效率就被提升了。hasbeenimproved7Itisagreathonourformeto____________toaddressthisinternationalAIconference.(invite)8WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundthatthesalesman'ssalary________________________atthemeeting.(discuss)beinvitedwasbeingdiscussedn.售貨員；推銷員我很榮幸能被邀請?jiān)贏I大會上發(fā)言。我進(jìn)會議室的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)正在討論銷售員的薪水。6.Onlyonepieceofcarry-onluggage_________foreacheconomyclasspassenger.(allow)isallowed經(jīng)濟(jì)艙的乘客每人僅允許攜帶一件隨身行李。9WithexamsbeingadaptedintoBraille,ablindseniorhighschoolstudentscored630pointsoutof650intheCollegeEntranceExanimation.Heisexpectedto______________toatopuniversity.(admit)beadmitted使用轉(zhuǎn)換為盲文的高考試卷，一位高中的視障學(xué)生考取了630分(總分650)。他有望被一所名校錄取。3.主動形式表被動意義的情況1.

連系動詞（如look,appear,

seem,

sound,taste,

smell,

feel等）后接表語時，用主動形式表示被動意義。道理是，“事物”作句子主語給人在感官上某種感覺,不用被動語態(tài)。Hissuggestionsoundsgreat.

他的建議聽起來不錯。Silkfeelssmooth.

絲綢摸起來光滑。2.當(dāng)read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry,lock,write等作不及物動詞表示主語的某種屬性時，常以主動形式表示被動意義。此時往往有一個狀語修飾(如well,easily等)。Thedoorlockseasily.

這門很好鎖。Theclothwasheswell.

這布料很好洗。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支鋼筆寫起來很順暢。Thehouseneedscleaning.→Thehouseneeds________________.tobecleaned3.在need,

want,

require等表示“需要”的動詞后，用動名詞(V-ing)的主動形式表示被動含義，也可用不定式的被動形式。4.在“be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，用主動形式表示被動意義。常見形容詞有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit等。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Volleyballisveryinterestingtowatch.4.使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的問題1.

不及物動詞，不及物動詞短語或系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。常見的有：appear,disappear,breakout,cometrue,runout,dateback,happen,goon,takeplace,belongto,等。Thisroom（belongto）me.Whenwillthesportsmeeting（takeplace）belongstotakeplace4.使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的問題2.make,see,hear,watch,notice等感官動詞或使役動詞：在主動語態(tài)里，作賓補(bǔ)的動詞不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to要還原。Theymadehimgotherealone.Hewasmade

(go)therealone.togo4.使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的問題2.make,see,hear,watch,notice等感官動詞或使役動詞：在主動語態(tài)里，作賓補(bǔ)的動詞不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to要還原。Theymadehimgotherealone.Hewasmade

(go)therealone.togo4.使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的問題3.“get+過去分詞”,也可以表示被動含義。Youshouldprotectyourskintoavoidgetting

(sunburn)whenyougooutinthehotsun.sunburntTheminersgot___________(trap)inthedeepminelastTuesday.trapped選用括號內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容完成下面句子或?qū)υ挕?.Letters________________(aresent,willbesent)bythepostmanat8everyday.2.Thisbag________________(wasfound,found)onthebusyesterday.3.Thedress________________(doesn’twash,can’tbewashed)inhotwater.4.Thistower__________________(hasnotbeenrebuilt,hasnotrebuilt)sincethe1930’s.aresent

wasfoundcan’tbewashed

hasnotbeenrebuilt5.Themachine________________(wasbeingtested,tested)justwhenthemanagercame.6.Thenewplan________________(willannounce,willbeannounced)intwodays.7.Look!Yourcar________________(isbeinglifted,islifting)offtheground.

wasbeingtested

willbeannouncedisbeinglifted8.WhenIstopped,mycar________________(hit,washit)frombehind.9.—Whatwerewedoingat11o’clock—We____________________(werebeinginterviewed,wereinterviewing)byareporter.washitwerebeinginterviewedReadtheintroductiontoasciencefictionnovelandcompletethepassageusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectSciencefiction_____________bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedand____________________.TheThree-BodyProblem,_________byChinesewriterLiuCixin,isoneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.isregardedexplored/representedwrittenTheworkwasfirstpublishedinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.Whenthefirstvolume_________________intoEnglishbyChinese-AmericanauthorKenLiu,itattractedattentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.Thebook___________________manythemessuchasspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumans.exploretranslatediscoverregardrepresentsetuprecruitwritegetcaughtupconnectwastranslatedrepresentsTheThree-BodyProblembeginswiththestoriesoftwounrelatedpeople,YeWenjieandWangMiao.Ye_____________tojoinasecretpro