2022年黑龍江省大慶市實驗中學高一下學期期末考試英語試題

大慶實驗中學實驗三部2021級高（一）下學期期末考試英語試題第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AImmersiveVanGoghFromthecreatorsoftheblockbustershowinParisseenbyovertwomillionvisitorsandstillwowingcrowdsinToronto,thewestcoastpremiere(首場)oftheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitwillbringtheartofVincenttolifeinLosAngeles.Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconic(偶像的)paintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.Youwillexperienceartlikeneverbefore—loseyourselfinentrancing,movingimagesthathighlightbrushstrokes,detail,andcolor—trulyilluminating(照亮)themindofthegenius.LOCATIONTheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitislocatedatasecretplacesituatedintheheartofLosAngeles.Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.TICKETPRICESVIPTICKETS—$99.99●Priorityaccess●VanGoghcushion(agiftforyou)●LimitededitionposterPREMIUMTICKETS—$59.99●VanGoghcushion(rental)●LimitededitionposterBASICTICKETS—$54.99●AdmissiononlyCHILDTICKETS—$29.99●Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)●Admissiononly●ChildticketsarenotsubjecttochangeofdatefeesTicketsareavailableonlineat.GIFTSHOPStopbyourExhibitGiftShoptotakethemagicofVanGoghhomewithyou!Fromclothingandjewelrytohomedécor,children’sbooks,andsomuchmore,youwillfinduniqueandthoughtfulsouvenirsattheImmersiveVanGoghExhibit.Alsobesuretocheckoutatouronlinestore!ExperiencetheorganiclandscapesofVanGogh’simagination,andjourneythroughhisbrillianceandmadnessinacompletelynewandunforgettableway.1.Accordingtothepassage,theImmersiveVanGoghExhibit________.A.presentsVanGogh’sartinamodernwayB.beginsajourneytoVanGogh’shometownC.displaysVanGogh’spaintingsonmovingwallsD.designsprojectsonVanGogh’slearningexperience2.Fromwherecanpeoplefindinformationabouttheexactlocationoftheexhibit?A.Anemail. B.Awebsite.C.Theticketoffice. D.Thegiftshop.3.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushionatleastpayforthevisit?A.$109.98. B.$154.98.C.$159.98. D.$199.98.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了這場沉浸式梵高作品展在西海岸的首映式將在洛杉磯讓梵高的藝術重現(xiàn)人間?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.(沉浸式藝術不僅僅是在巨大空間中表現(xiàn)視頻和音頻技術方法。沉浸式這個詞表明了一種深刻的意圖，通過將圖像和聲音連接起來，讓觀眾能夠體驗到一種不同的藝術方式)”以及第三段“Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconicpaintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.(正如它的名字一樣，這次展覽將文森特·梵高的標志性畫作變成了移動的、充滿墻壁的投影。ImmersiveVanGogh承諾將使用50萬立方英尺的投影，呈現(xiàn)出印象派最著名的作品，包括《臥室》、《向日葵》，沒錯，還有《星夜》)”可知，沉浸式藝術是一種將圖像和聲音連接起來的新型藝術形式。本次梵高繪畫展演就是要通過沉浸式藝術展現(xiàn)。由此推知，本次展演將通過一種新的方式呈現(xiàn)。故選A。2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.(在展覽開始前宣布，一旦公開，現(xiàn)有的門票持有者將收到一封附有地點和地點的電子郵件)”可知，想要得到本次展演的確切地點，只能通過電子郵件。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干“acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一對夫婦和一個5歲的孩子，并且想擁有一個梵高坐墊)”可知，一共有兩個成人，一個五歲的小孩，并且想要梵高坐墊。再結合“Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)”可知，五歲以下的小孩不需要門票。再根據(jù)題干中“ownaVanGoghcushion”可知，想要得到一份VanGoghcushion必須其中一人購買VIPTICKETS，即需要$99.99。另一個人只需要購買BASICTICKETS(基本門票)，即需要$54.99。所以acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一對夫婦和一個5歲的孩子，并且想擁有一個梵高坐墊)至少需要$154.98。故選B。BCPR(cardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺復蘇術)andfirstaidarerelatedtopics.Itcouldbesaidthatfirstaidisthemoregeneralofthetwo,andtraininginfirstaidmightincludeinstructionsandpracticeonhowtorespondtoavarietyofmedicalemergenciesthatcouldbecausingdangertolifeortoapartofaperson’sbody.Onesuchmedicalemergencycouldbethestoppingofbreathingorheartbeat,andtherightresponse,inthiscase,mightbetoperformCPR.Thus,CPRcanbeseenasatypeoffirst-aidresponse.Therecanbedifferencesintheamountoffirst-aidtrainingpeoplelearn,andcoursescansometimesbebrokendownintoemergencyandstandardtraining.Standardtrainingisactuallythemoreextensiveofthetwo,andwouldincludeteachingandlearninghowtohandleavarietyofmedicalsituationslikebitesfrominsectsoranimals,brokenbones,poisoning,childbirth,andcareofwounds.EmergencyfirstaidtendstobelimitedtotheteachingofCPR,howtohandlechokingemergencies,andinstructionsonwoundcareforheavybleeding.CPRandfirstaidmaybetaughttogetheroraresometimestakenasseparatecourses.PeoplemayneedawholedayofpracticeorlongerbeforegettingCPRcertification,whichshouldbeobtainedfromrecognizedagenciesliketheRedCross.ThebigdifferencebetweenCPRandfirstaid,intermsoftakingclasses,isthatCPRfocusesonlyonlearningtoperformcardiopulmonaryresuscitationandrecognizethosesituationsassoonaspossibleinwhichitshouldbeperformed,whilefirst-aidclassesmayteachthistoo,buttheywillteachinthebroadercontextofhowpeopleneedtorespondtolotsofdifferentinjuriesorillness.TheissueofCPRandfirstaidmaygetconfusingwhenpeopleareaskedtogettraininginoneorbothofthese.Somepeoplemaybeaskedtotakeafirst-aidcourseandhaveCPRtraining.Thosewhoneedmoreextensivetraininginstandardfirstaidcertainlywon’tsatisfythisneedbyonlytakingaCPRcourse.Thoseconfusedaboutwhattrainingtheyneedshouldgetthisissueclearwiththeperson(usuallyanemployer)requestingthetraining.BeingabletorespondfirstinamedicalemergencyusuallymeansneedingtoknowCPR,butotherknowledgecouldbejustasnecessary.Forinstance,howtostopuncontrollablebleedingorhowtohandleanepisodeofanaphylacticshock(過敏性休克)couldbevitaltoo.4.WhatisthepurposeofperformingCPR?A.Tobequalifiedasafirst-aidtrainer. B.Tomakeaperson’sheartstartbeatingagain.C.Todealwithallthemedicalemergencies. D.Togainpracticalknowledgeoffirstaid.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.CPRworksfasterwhensomeonebreakshisleg.B.CPRincludesmostcoursesofemergencytraining.C.EmergencyfirstaidismoreusefulthanCPR.D.Standardtrainingdealswithmoremedicalcases.6.WhencanpeoplegetthechancetoobtainCPRcertification?A.WhenpracticingawholedayinRedCross.B.AftersavingsomeonewithCPR.C.AfterfinishingtheCPRtraining.D.Whengettinginstructionsfromrecognizedagencies.7.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Anacademicreport.C.Ahealthmagazine. D.Amathsexampaper.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了心肺復蘇術和急救課程在內(nèi)容上的區(qū)別?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Onesuchmedicalemergencycouldbecessation(停止)ofbreathingorheartbeat,andtheappropriateresponse,inthiscase,mightbetoperformCPR.(其中一種醫(yī)療緊急情況可能是呼吸或心跳停止，在這種情況下，適當?shù)姆磻赡芤M行心肺復蘇術。)”可知，實施心肺復蘇術（CPR）的目的是讓一個人的心臟重新獲得跳動。故選B項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句“Standardtrainingisactuallythemoreextensiveofthetwo,andwouldincludeteachingandlearninghowtohandleavarietyofmedicalsituationslikebitesfrominsectsoranimals,brokenbones,poisoning,childbirth,andcareofwounds.EmergencyfirstaidtendstobelimitedtotheteachingofCPR,howtohandlechokingemergencies,andinstructionsonwoundcareforheavybleeding.(標準培訓實際上是兩種培訓中更廣泛的一種，包括教授和學習如何處理各種醫(yī)療情況，如被昆蟲或動物咬傷、骨折、中毒、分娩和傷口護理。急救往往局限于心肺復蘇術（CPR）的教學，如何處理窒息的緊急情況，以及大出血的傷口護理指導。)”可知，與急救相比，標準培訓處理更多的醫(yī)療案例。故選D項。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“PeoplemayneedawholedayofpracticeorlongerbeforegettingCPRcertification,whichshouldbeobtainedfromrecognizedagenciesliketheRedCross.(人們可能需要一整天或更長時間的練習才能獲得心肺復蘇術（CPR）證書，這應該從像紅十字會這樣的被認可的機構獲得。)”可知，在完成心肺復蘇訓練后有機會獲得心肺復蘇術證書。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章主要介紹了心肺復蘇術和急救課程在內(nèi)容上的區(qū)別。尤其是第三段第一句“CPRandfirstaidmaybetaughttogetheroraresometimestakenasseparatecourses.(心肺復蘇術和急救可以一起講授，有時也可以分開講授。)”可知，本文是關于醫(yī)學學術方面的文章。故選B項。CKillerwhales,ororcas,areknownfortheirsevereattacksonseaanimalsbuttheyhaveneverposedathreattohumans.However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenintentionallyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.ThestrangebehaviorfirstsurfacedonJuly29,2020,whena46-footboatwasrepeatedlyattackedforalmostanhourbynineorcas,causingtheboattorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))180degreesandhavingitsengineswitchedoff.Sincethen,over30moresimilarincidentshavebeenreported.OnSeptember23,2020,Spain'sgovernmentbannedboatsoflessthan50feetinlengthfromsailinginthe60-milestretchoftheAtlanticcoastlinebetweenFerrolandtheEstacadeBaresCape,wheretheattackshavebeenoccurring.Researchersacrosstheworldaretryingtoexplaintheorcas'behavior.Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefishtuna-theorcas'primaryfoodsource-whichhasleftthearea'skillerwhalesstarvingandunabletofeedtheirbabies."Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansaresomehowrelatedtofoodshortages,"saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinWashington,USA.Theenvironmentalistsbelievethesuddenincreaseinboattrafficandfishingactivities,aftermonthsofabsenceduetorestrictionsonhumanactivitylastspring,couldalsobecontributingtotheagitation.However,AlfredoLópez,abiologyprofessorinGalicia,Spain,thinkstheattacksaredefensivemeasurestheorcasadoptedtoprotectthemselvesagainstboatinjuries.Theresearchercametothisconclusionafterlookingattheofthevideosofafewincidentsandnoticingthattwooftheyoungkillerwhalesinvolvedhadseriousinjuries.Hopefully,theexpertswillbeabletofindawaytorestoretheharmonybetweentheanimalsandthehumanssoon.8.Whatdoweknowaboutorcasinparagraph1?A.Theyarefriendlytohumans. B.Theyhavechangedtheirbehavior.CTheyarefamousforhuntingskills D.Theyhavemettoughlivingconditions.9.Whohold(s)theideathatfishingactivitiescausedtheincidents?A.KenBalcomb. B.Theenvironmentalists.C.AlfredoLópez. D.Spain'sgovernment.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"theagitation"inParagraph3referto?A.Theattacks. B.Foodshortages. C.Theoverfishing. D.Humanactivities.11.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.Howdokillerwhalesattackhumans?B.WhyAreKillerWhalesattackingBoats?C.Howcanweliveinharmonywithanimals?D.Whyareboatsbannedfromsailingonthesea?【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。報道了西班牙葡萄牙近海區(qū)多艘小型漁船遭遇殺人鯨襲擊?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由根據(jù)第一段第一句“Killerwhales,ororcas,areknownfortheirsevereattacksonseaanimalsbuttheyhaveneverposedathreattohumans.”可知，以前虎鯨從未襲擊人類。結合第二句“However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenintentionallyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.”（然而自從去年七月，這種動物一直在有意地襲擊西班牙葡萄牙近海岸水域的漁船。）可知，虎鯨改變了他們的行為。故選B項?！薄?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefishtuna-theorcas'primaryfoodsource-whichhasleftthearea'skillerwhalesstarvingandunabletofeedtheirbabies."Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansaresomehowrelatedtofoodshortages,"saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinWashington,USA.（有些研究員認為可能是由于人類過度捕獵虎鯨為食的魚類引起的，導致虎鯨吃不飽不能喂養(yǎng)幼鯨。KenBalcomb,說他看到虎鯨盯著載滿魚的船，大概知道人類和他們挨餓有關）可知，A項符合題意。故選A項。【10題詳解】詞句猜測題。第三段在分析虎鯨襲擊人類的漁船行為的原因。舉例說明了有的研究員認為是人類過度捕魚可能導致虎鯨食物不足，引發(fā)虎鯨襲擊漁船。劃線詞所在句子“Theenvironmentalistsbelievethesuddenincreaseinboattrafficandfishingactivities,aftermonthsofabsenceduetorestrictionsonhumanactivitylastspring,couldalsobecontributingtotheagitation.”（環(huán)境學家認為好幾個月的春季禁漁期結束，漁船流量突然增加和捕魚活動也可能會導致這些虎鯨襲擊漁船事件。）該句分析了另一個引發(fā)虎鯨襲擊事件的原因，據(jù)此可以推測劃線詞的意思是虎鯨襲擊事件。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。文章開頭介紹虎鯨襲擊漁船的異常行為。接下來分析各種有可能引發(fā)虎鯨異常行為的誘因，所以題目應該是“虎鯨為什么襲擊漁船”。故選B項DScientistshaverecentlydevelopedamethodto3D-printgreenerbuildingsusinglocalsoilthattheysayhasthepossibilitytobeintheleadintheconstructionindustry.SarbajitBanerjee,aprofessorofchemistryandmaterialsscienceandengineeringatTexasA&MUniversity,said3Dprintingenabledthemtoprinttheentirefrontofabuilding,althoughgettingsuchstructurestomeetexistingbuildingruleswasstillasignificantchallenge.Concrete(混凝土)isstilltheimportantmaterialusedinmanyconstructionprojectsbutitcannotberecycledandrequiresalotofenergytomixandtransport.Theresearchteam’saimistoprintstructuresusingthetypeofsoilthatcanbefoundinanygarden.“Whileconcreteiswidelyusedinhousingandhasenabledthegrowthofcities,thishascomeataconsiderableenvironmentalcost,”saidBanerjee.“Themoveto3D-printconcretethreatenstoexacerbatethisproblem.However,wetrytomakeanewexampleofconstructionthatusesnaturallysourcedmaterials.Usingsuchmaterialswillfurtherpavethewayforbuildingdesignsthatarespecificallyadaptedtotheneedsofthelocalclimate.What’smore,theuseoflocalmaterialswouldreducetheneedtotransportconcretelongdistances,furtherreducingtheenvironmentalimpactofthebuildings.Theresearchteam’splantoreplaceconcretewiththeearthbeneathourfeetdependsontheirabilitytoimprovethesoil’scapabilitytostandtheweightofthewholehouse,towardswhichBanerjeesaidthey“aremakingexcellentprogress”.Oncetheyhaveaclearerideaofthelimitsofthetechnology,Banerjeeandhisteamplantofurtherinvestigatehowitmightallowforbuildingonotherplanets.Forinstance,theyhaveworkedonaddressingtheproblemofbuildingall-weatherroadsnearthearcticarea.TheyhopethetechnologycouldonedaybeusedbeyondEarth,tocreatesettlementsonthemoonorevenMars.12.What’sthelatestdevelopmentinconstruction?A.Recyclingconcrete. B.Reducingtheconstructioncost.C.3D-printingbuildingsfromlocalsoil. D.Changingtheconstructionrules.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inParagraph5probablymean?A.solve. B.simplify. C.relieve. D.worsen.14.Whatistheconditionforreplacingconcretewiththeearth?AThelocalclimate. B.Thesoil’sweight-bearingcapability.C.Theenvironmentalfootprint. D.Thecostoftransportation.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theoutlookforfurtherstudies. B.Theexplorationsofthearcticarea.C.Thelimitsofthenewtechnology. D.Thebarriertobuildingonotherplanets.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種利用當?shù)赝寥?D打印綠色建筑的方法?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Scientistshaverecentlydevelopedamethodto3D-printgreenerbuildingsusinglocalsoilthattheysayhasthepossibilitytobeintheleadintheconstructionindustry.(科學家最近開發(fā)了一種利用當?shù)赝寥?D打印綠色建筑的方法，他們說這種方法有可能在建筑業(yè)中處于領先地位。)”可知，用當?shù)赝寥?D打印建筑是建筑領域的最新發(fā)展。故選C項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“However,wetrytomakeanewexampleofconstructionthatusesnaturallysourcedmaterials.(然而，我們試圖創(chuàng)造一個使用天然材料的建筑新樣例。)”可知，我們創(chuàng)造一個新樣例，說明上文應該是指使用3D打印混凝土可能會“加劇”這一問題，所以可推斷出劃線詞是“加劇”的意思。故選D項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchteam’splantoreplaceconcretewiththeearthbeneathourfeetdependsontheirabilitytoimprovethesoil’scapabilitytostandtheweightofthewholehouse,towardswhichBanerjeesaidthey“aremakingexcellentprogress”.(研究小組計劃用我們腳下的泥土取代混凝土，這取決于他們是否有能力提高土壤承受整個房屋重量的能力，班納吉表示，他們正在朝著這一目標“取得巨大進展”。)”可知，用泥土代替混凝土的條件是土壤的承重能力。故選B項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Oncetheyhaveaclearerideaofthelimitsofthetechnology,Banerjeeandhisteamplantofurtherinvestigatehowitmightallowforbuildingonotherplanets.(一旦他們對這項技術的局限性有了更清晰的認識，班納吉和他的團隊計劃進一步研究它如何允許在其他星球上建造房屋。)”可知，最后一段主要講對進一步研究的展望。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Anyonewhodealswithteensknowshowdifficulttheadolescentyearscanbe.Teensarealwaysknowntodowildanddangerousthings.____16____Butnowscientistshavestudiedthephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetail,leadingtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthewaytheydo.Scientistsdiscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarenotfullydeveloped.Now,scientistshavefoundourbrainscontinuetochangetillage25.____17____.Thestudiesconfirmteensaremorelikelytotakerisksandbehaveinextremeways.Onewaythebraindoesthisisbychangingthewayteensthinkofdangerandreward(回報).Whenteenagersthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsproducemorechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethanadultbrainswould.____18____.Italsomakesteensfeelmoreexcitedaboutnewexperiencesthanadultsdo.Besides,researchersfounditmakessocialconnectionsespeciallyrewarding.Generally,teenagershaveanintenseneedtomeetnewpeopleandthinktheyouthmayonedaycontroltheworldtheylivein.Asit’sstilldeveloping,ateenagebraincanchangetodealwithnewsituations.____19____.Inthisway,thebrainencouragesteenstohavevariousfriends.Somepeoplethinkthatthishuntforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenagerstogotoextremes.____20____Itmeansthatteensaremorelikely,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent.Thescientists’findingssuggestthatinthelongrun,theimpulses(沖動)oftheteenbrainarewhathelpteensleavetheirparents’careandlivetheirownlivessuccessfully.A.Itishardfortheteenstoadapttonewsituations.B.Theresultisthechangeableactionsseeninteens.C.Thereforeitconnectssocialrewardswithmorepleasure.D.Thismakestherewardsseemmoreimportantthantherisks.E.However,itisofgreatbenefitforteenagerstogoforrewards.F.Theteenbraininspiresteenagerstohelppreparefortheschoollife.G.Thesethingswerethoughttobedowntothefoolishnessoftheyoung.【答案】16.G17.B18.D19.C20.E【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了青少年大腦發(fā)育過程中對于他們心理和行為上的影響?！?6題詳解】空前“Teensarealwaysknowntodowildanddangerousthings.”描述青少年在青春期會做狂野和危險的事情，空后“Butnowscientistshavestudiedthephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetail,leadingtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthewaytheydo.(但現(xiàn)在，科學家們對大腦的生理發(fā)育進行了更詳細的研究，并提出了一種關于青少年行為方式的新理論)”表示科學發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋青少年行為的理論；G選項“這些事情被認為是年輕人的愚蠢行為”描述人們對于青少年行為的普遍觀點，且Thesethings與前文中的wildanddangerousthings對應。故選G項。【17題詳解】空前“Scientistsdiscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarenotfullydeveloped.Now,scientistshavefoundourbrainscontinuetochangetillage25.(科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然我們的大腦在6歲時幾乎達到完整大小，但它們還沒有完全發(fā)育?，F(xiàn)在，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的大腦在25歲之前會繼續(xù)變化)”表示大腦一直要發(fā)育到25歲，結合上一段描述青少年行為的科學原因可知，B選項“其結果就是青少年不可預測的行為”表示生理變化導致行為上的結果，符合語境。故選B項?！?8題詳解】空前“Whenteenagersthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsproducemorechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethanadultbrainswould.(當青少年想到回報時，他們的大腦會比成年人產(chǎn)生更多的化學物質(zhì)來創(chuàng)造快樂)”描述對于青少年來說，回報會帶來快樂，D選項“這使得回報似乎比風險更重要”描述青少年對于回報和風險的看法，且本句中This指代前文一句內(nèi)容。故選D項?！?9題詳解】空前“Asit'sstilldeveloping,ateenagebraincanchangetodealwithnewsituations.(青少年的大腦還在發(fā)育中，它可以改變來應對新情況)”描述青少年的大腦在發(fā)育，會改變來應對新情況，空后“Inthisway,thebrainencouragesteenstohaveawidecircleoffriends.(通過這種方式，大腦鼓勵青少年擁有廣泛的朋友圈)”描述青少年在社交上的行為；C選項“因此，它將社會獎勵與更多的快樂聯(lián)系在一起”描述青少年如何應對社會關系，承上啟下。故選C項?！?0題詳解】空前“Somepeoplethinkthatthishuntforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenagerstogotoextremes.(有些人認為這種追求更大回報的行為有時會導致青少年走向極端)”講述過分追求回報對于青少年的弊端，空后“Itmeansthatteensaremorelikely,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent.(這意味著青少年更有可能，更少害怕，去嘗試新事物或獨立)”描述對于青少年的好處；E選項“然而，對青少年來說，爭取回報是有很大好處的”進行轉(zhuǎn)折，描述追求回報的好處，符合語境。故選E項。第三部分：語言知識運用（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ThegirlGuoYujiegotaperfectgiftonSaturday—agoldmedalofBeijing2022ParalympicWinterGames.Theteenager,whoturned18onMarch16,spedtothe____21____inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距離站姿比賽)toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalforaChinesewomanon____22____.Shehopedtotelltheyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiesthattheyshouldkeep____23____.GuowasborninShangyicounty,Zhangjiakou,with____24____onherlefthand.Shefirsttried____25____whenshewas11.“IwashappywhenIwasskiing,”Guosaid.Shethen____26____tobecomeacross-countryskierandbiathlete.Herdecisionwasalso____27____byherfamily.Inbiathlon(冬季兩項),Guo____28____herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.“Ijust____29____thequickchangebetweenhigh-speedracingandcontrollingmybreathingfor____30____.Ihopemoreyoungpeoplewithdisabilitycanfindtheir____31____insnowsports.Actually,disabledpeoplearenot____32____atanything.WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome____33____.Peopleshouldn’tlookdownonthemselvesjustbecauseoftheirdisabilities,”Guosaid.Guo’s____34____istheresultoffiveyearsofhardtraining.Shesaidthatherparents,relatives,andfriendswatchedhercompeteliveonTV.“Theyareallveryproudofme.____35____,Ihaveliveduptotheirexpectations.”21.A.restarea B.turningpoint C.rescuecenter D.finishline22.A.track B.snow C.foot D.water23.A.writing B.singing C.fighting D.smiling24.A.tools B.awards C.disabilities D.fingers25.A.running B.researching C.reporting D.skiing26.A.failed B.decided C.continued D.hesitated27.A.supported B.ignored C.tested D.refused28.A.givesup B.picksup C.looksupto D.makesupfor29.A.love B.hide C.control D.remove30.A.growing B.answering C.shooting D.relaxing31.A.interest B.information C.views D.faults32.A.angry B.crazy C.skillful D.bad33.A.targets B.champions C.trainers D.partners34.A.gold B.goal C.hope D.base35.A.Usually B.Finally C.Unluckily D.Suddenly【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.A30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。3月16日北京冬季殘奧會，郭玉潔在女子站姿滑雪比賽中，為中國女子贏得了第一枚冬季殘奧會滑雪方面的金牌。她想告訴那些身患殘疾的人不要貶低自己，要保持奮斗?！?1題詳解】考查名詞短語辨析。句意：這位18歲的少年于3月16日沖向終點線，在女子短距離站姿比賽中，為中國女子贏得了第一枚冬季殘奧會冰雪運動方面的金牌。A.restarea休息區(qū)；B.turningpoint轉(zhuǎn)折點；C.rescuecenter救援中心；D.finishline終點線。根據(jù)后半句“toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalforaChinesewomanon2.”可知，能贏得金牌，必定第一個沖過了“終點線（finishline）”。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位18歲的少年于3月16日沖向終點線，在女子短距離站姿比賽中，為中國女子贏得了第一枚冬季殘奧會雪上運動方面的金牌。A.track軌道；B.snow雪；C.foot腳；D.water水。根據(jù)本句中的“inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距離站姿比賽)”，以及第二段中“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.(“我滑雪時很開心，”郭說。)”可知，郭玉潔進行的是短距離站姿的越野滑雪比賽，因此她為中國女子贏得了是第一枚冬季殘奧會“滑雪（snow）”方面的金牌。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她希望告訴殘疾青年，他們應該繼續(xù)奮斗。A.writing寫作；B.singing唱歌；C.fighting戰(zhàn)斗，努力奮斗；D.smiling微笑。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“‘Peopleshouldn’tlookdownonthemselvesjustbecauseoftheirdisabilities,’Guosaid.(郭說，人們不應該因為自己的殘疾而看不起自己。)”可知，她希望她的成功能夠鼓舞那些殘疾人士跟她一樣去“奮斗（fighting）”，不要低估了自己。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：郭雨潔出生在張家口尚義縣，左手殘疾。A.tools工具；B.awards獎項；C.disabilities殘疾；D.fingers手指。根據(jù)上文“Shehopedtotelltheyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiesthattheyshouldkeep3.(她希望告訴殘疾青年，他們應該繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。)”可知，她用自己盡管有殘疾，但依舊能奪金的實例來鼓舞那些和她一樣的殘疾人，因此可知她左手殘疾。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她11歲時第一次嘗試滑雪。A.running跑步；B.researching研究；C.reporting報告；D.skiing滑雪。根據(jù)下一句“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.(郭說：“我滑雪的時候很開心”。)”可知，此處skiing為復現(xiàn)詞，她從11歲開始學滑雪。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她決定成為一名越野滑雪者和冬季兩項運動員。A.failed失?。籅.decided決定；C.continued繼續(xù)；D.hesitated猶豫不決。根據(jù)后一句“Herdecisionwasalso7byherfamily.(她的決定也得到了家人的支持。)”，此句的decision為同根復現(xiàn)詞，可知，她“決定（decided）”成為滑雪和冬季滑雪兩項運動員，并且這個決定獲得了家人的支持。故選B項。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她的決定也得到了家人的支持。A.supported支持；B.ignored忽略；C.tested測試；D.refused拒絕。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Shesaidthatherparents,relatives,andfriendswatchedhercompeteliveonTV.‘Theyareallveryproudofme.15,Ihaveliveduptotheirexpectations.(她的父母、親戚和朋友都在電視上觀看了她的比賽直播。她說，“他們都為我感到驕傲。最終，我沒有辜負大家的期望”。)”可知，坐在電視機前的家人對她的表現(xiàn)有期待，說明一開始他們就有“支持（supported）”她做的決定。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在冬季兩項比賽中，郭在射擊環(huán)節(jié)以精準和速度彌補了她滑雪耐力的不足。A.givesup放棄；B.picksup撿起；C.looksupto仰望；D.makesupfor彌補。根據(jù)下文“Ijust9thequickchangebetweenhigh-speedracingandcontrollingmybreathingfor10.(我只是喜歡在高速比賽和射擊時控制呼吸之間的快速變化。)”可知，她盡管滑雪缺乏耐力，但是她能夠在射擊方面用精準度和速度來“彌補（makesupfor）”這一弱點，依舊奪得金牌。故選D項。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是喜歡在高速比賽和射擊時控制呼吸之間的快速變化。A.love愛；B.hide隱藏；C.control控制；D.remove刪除。根據(jù)上文“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.Shethen6tobecomeacross-countryskierandbiathlete.(‘我滑雪的時候很開心’，郭說。然后她決定成為一名越野滑雪者和冬季兩項運動員。)”以及“Inbiathlon(冬季兩項),Guo8herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.(在冬季兩項比賽中，郭在射擊環(huán)節(jié)以精準和速度彌補了她滑雪耐力的不足。)”可知，郭喜歡滑雪運動的速度，而射擊方面她能精準快速射擊，可見她很“喜歡（love）”在兩項運動之間做快速轉(zhuǎn)換。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是喜歡在高速比賽和射擊時控制呼吸之間的快速變化。A.growing成長；B.answering回答；C.shooting射擊；D.relaxing放松。根據(jù)“Inbiathlon(冬季兩項),Guo8herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.(在冬季兩項比賽中，郭在射擊環(huán)節(jié)以精準和速度彌補了她滑雪耐力的不足。)”可知，她要用她的射擊方面的優(yōu)勢彌補滑雪方面的弱勢，因此，需要調(diào)整呼吸為“射擊（shooting）”做準備。故選C項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望更多年輕的殘疾人士能對雪上運動感興趣。A.interest興趣；B.information信息；C.views觀點；D.faults錯誤。根據(jù)后文“Actually,disabledpeoplearenot12atanything.WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome13.(事實上，殘障人士在任何方面都不差。我們可以參加冬季殘奧會，成為冠軍。)”可知，她在鼓勵其他殘疾人士也可以像她一樣參加冬季殘奧會，也能通過奮斗努力獲得冠軍，因此，她希望更多的年輕殘疾人能找到他們在雪上運動方面的“興趣（interest）”。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，殘障人士在任何方面都不差。A.angry生氣的；B.crazy瘋狂的；C.skillful熟練的；D.bad差的。根據(jù)后文“WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome13.(我們可以參加冬季殘奧會，成為冠軍。)”可知，她認為殘疾人士一樣在雪上運動獲得成就，一樣獲得冠軍，他們在任何方面都不差。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們可以參加冬殘奧會，成為冠軍。A.targets目標；B.champions冠軍；C.trainers教練員；D.partners搭檔。根據(jù)上文“Theteenager,whoturned18onMarch16,spedtothe1inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距離站姿比賽)toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalfor