中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的形式知識(shí)講解

中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的形式知識(shí)講解動(dòng)詞的形式：動(dòng)詞有四種基本形式：現(xiàn)在式（又分為動(dòng)詞原形和第三人單數(shù)形式）、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。一、現(xiàn)在式現(xiàn)在式是動(dòng)詞的最基本形式，分為動(dòng)詞原形和第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如果現(xiàn)在式的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)變成相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。其變化形式如下：構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s構(gòu)成workworksgetgetsreadreads以o，s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-esgogoesexpressexpressesfixfixesbrushbrushesteachteaches以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i再加-esstudystudiesflyfliestrytries二、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種情況，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成

完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化如下：變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞一般情況下加-edwork，look，helpworked，looked，helpedworked，looked，helped以不發(fā)間的e結(jié)尾的詞直接加-dhope，like，dancehoped，liked，dancedhoped，liked，danced以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-edstudy，copy，carrystudied，copied，carriedstudied，copied，carried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ednod，stop，plannodded，stopped，plannednodded，stopped，planned常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化列表如下動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞awake

（使）醒來(lái)awokeawokenlight點(diǎn)燃，照亮lighted/litlighted/litbear忍受borebornelose失去lostlostbeat擊敗beatbeatenmake制造，迫使mademadebecome成為becamebecomemeet遇見(jiàn)metmetbegin開(kāi)始beganbegunmean意味著，打算meantmeantbend彎腰；壓彎bentbentmistake誤會(huì)，弄錯(cuò)mistookmistakenbite叮；咬bitbittenpay付款paidpaidblow吹blewblownride騎roderiddenbreak打碎brokebrokenring鳴響rangrungbring帶來(lái)broughtbroughtrise增加，上升roserisenbuild建造builtbuiltrun跑ranrunbuy買boughtboughtsee看見(jiàn)sawseencatch捉住caughtcaughtsell售賣，出售soldsoldchoose選擇chosechosensend送出sentsentdig挖，掘dugdugshake搖動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)shookshakendo做diddoneshine發(fā)光，照亮shoneshonedraw繪畫，引起drewdrawnshoot射傷shotshotdrink喝，飲drankdrunkshow出示showedshoweddrive驅(qū)趕，駕駛drovedrivenshrink收縮shrankshrunkeat吃ateeatensing唱sangsungfall摔倒，跌落fellfallensink下沉sanksunkfeel感覺(jué)feltfeltsit坐satsittenfight戰(zhàn)斗，打架foughtfoughtsleep睡覺(jué)sleptsleptfind發(fā)現(xiàn)，碰見(jiàn)foundfoundsmell聞smelt/smelledsmelt/smelledflee逃走fledfledsow播種sowedsown/sowedfly飛flewflownspeak講話spokespokenforget忘記forgotforgottenspell拼寫speltspeltfreeze結(jié)冰，凍結(jié)frozefrozenspend花費(fèi)spentspentget得到gotgot/gottenstand站/忍受stoodstoodgive交給，贈(zèng)送gavegivensteal偷stolestolengo去wentgonestick刺，粘貼stuckstuckgrow生長(zhǎng)grewgrownstrike罷工struckstruckhang懸掛hunghungswear

發(fā)誓，詛咒sworeswornhave有hadhadsweep打掃sweptswepthear聽(tīng)見(jiàn)heardheardswim游泳swanswumhold握住heldheldholdentake拿，做tooktakenhurt損傷，傷害hurthurtteach教taughttaughtkeep保持keptkepttell告訴threwthrownknow知道，認(rèn)識(shí)knewknownthink想，認(rèn)為thoughtthoughtlay放置laidlaidthrow扔，投threwthrownlead帶領(lǐng)，導(dǎo)致ledledunderstand

理解，明白u(yù)nderstoodunderstoodlearn學(xué)習(xí)learnedlearntlelearnedlearntundertake

承擔(dān)，接受undertookundertakenleave離開(kāi)，留下leftleftwake醒wokewokenlend借出lentlentwear穿，磨壞worewornlet讓letletWeep

哭泣，流（淚）weptweptlie躺laylainwin獲勝，贏wonwon三、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞主要構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，其構(gòu)成如下：構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下加-ingwork，learn，teachworking，learning，teaching以不發(fā)間的e結(jié)尾的詞，去掉e直接加-ingwrite，take，usewriting，taking，using以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ingrun，stop，forgetrunning，stopping，forg