TED英語(yǔ)演講稿：6個(gè)月學(xué)會(huì)一門外語(yǔ)

Word文檔TED英語(yǔ)演講稿：6個(gè)月學(xué)會(huì)一門外語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)介：為什么有的人學(xué)了XX年的英語(yǔ)還是開不了口?而另一些人卻能快速把握一門外語(yǔ)?上世紀(jì)80年月，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家chrislonsdale來到中國(guó)，僅用6個(gè)月的時(shí)間他就能說出流利的一般話。他是怎么做到的?一起來聽聽他的學(xué)習(xí)方法吧!

haveyoueverheldaquestioninmindforsolongthatitbecomespartofhowyouthink?maybeevenpartofwhoyouareasaperson?wellivehadaquestioninmymindformany,manyyearsandthatis:howcanyouspeeduplearning?now,thisisaninterestingquestionbecauseifyouspeeduplearningyoucanspendlesstimeatschool.andifyoulearnreallyfast,youprobablywouldnthavetogotoschoolatall.

now,wheniwasyoung,schoolwassortofokaybutifoundquiteoftenthatschoolgotinthewayoflearningsoihadthisquestioninmind:howdoyoulearnfaster?andthisbeganwheniwasvery,veryyoung,wheniwasaboutelevenyearsoldiwrotealettertoresearchersinthesovietunion,askingabouthypnopaedia,thisissleeplearning,whereyougetataperecorder,youputitbesideyourbedanditturnsoninthemiddleofthenightwhenyouresleeping,andyouresupposedtobelearningfromthis.

agoodidea,unfortunatelyitdoesntwork.but,hypnopaediadidopenthedoorstoresearchinotherareasandwevehadincrediblediscoveriesaboutlearningthatbeganwiththatfirstquestion.iwentonfromtheretobecomepassionateaboutpsychologyandihavebeeninvolvedinpsychologyinmanywaysfortherestofmylifeupuntilthispoint.in1981itookmyselftochinaandidecidedthatiwasgoingtobenativelevelinchineseinsidetwoyears.

now,youneedtounderstandthatin1981,everybodythoughtchinesewasreally,reallydifficultandthatawesternercouldstudyfortenyearsormoreandneverreallygetverygoodatit.andialsowentinwithadifferentideawhichwas:takingalloftheconclusionsfrompsychologicalresearchuptothatpointandapplyingthemtothelearningprocess.whatwasreallycoolwasthatinsixmonthsiwasfluentinmandarinchineseandtookalittlebitlongertogetuptonative.butilookedaroundandisawallofthesepeoplefromdifferentcountriesstrugglingterriblywithchinese,isawchinesepeoplestrugglingterriblytolearnenglishandotherlanguages,andsomyquestiongotrefineddownto:howcanyouhelpanormaladultlearnanewlanguagequickly,easilyandeffectively?

nowthisareally,reallyimportantquestionintodaysworld.wehavemassivechallengeswithenvironmentwehavemassivechallengeswithsocialdislocation,withwars,allsortsofthingsgoingonandifwecantcommunicatewerereallygoingtohavedifficultysolvingtheseproblems.soweneedtobeabletospeakeachotherslanguages,thisisreally,reallyimportant.

thequestionthenishowdoyoudothat.well,itsactuallyreallyeasy.youlookaroundforpeoplewhocanalreadydoit,youlookforsituationswhereitsalreadyworkingandthenyouidentifytheprinciplesandapplythem.itscalledmodellingandivebeenlookingatlanguagelearningandmodellinglanguagelearningforaboutfifteentotwentyyearsnow.

andmyconclusion,myobservationfromthisisthatanyadultcanlearnasecondlanguagetofluencyinsidesixmonths.nowwhenisaythis,mostpeoplethinkimcrazy,thisisnotpossible.soletmeremindeverybodyofthehistoryofhumanprogress,itsallaboutexpandingourlimits.

in1950everybodybelievedthatrunningonemileinfourminuteswasimpossibleandthenrogerbannisterdiditin1956andfromthereitsgotshorterandshorter.100yearsagoeverybodybelievedthatheavystuffdoesntfly.exceptitdoesandweallknowthis.howdoesheavystufffly?wereorganisethematerialsusingprinciplesthatwehavelearnedfromobservingnature,birdsinthiscase.andtodaywevegoneeverfurther,soyoucanflyacar.youcanbuyoneoftheseforacouplehundredthousandusdollars.wenowhavecarsintheworldthatcanfly.andtheresadifferentwaytoflythatwevelearnedfromsquirrels.soallyouneedtodoiscopywhataflyingsquirreldoes,buildasuitcalledawingsuitandoffyougo,youcanflylikeasquirrel.

no,mostpeople,alotofpeople,iwouldntsayeverybodybutalotofpeoplethinktheycantdraw.howevertherearesomekeyprinciples,fiveprinciplesthatyoucanapplytolearningtodrawandyoucan2actuallylearntodrawinfivedays.so,ifyoudrawlikethis,youlearntheseprinciplesforfivedaysandapplythemandafterfivedaysyoucandrawsomethinglikethis.nowiknowthisistruebecausethatwasmyfirstdrawingandafterfivedaysofapplyingtheseprinciplesthatwaswhatiwasabletodo.andilookedatthisandiwentwow,sothatshowilooklikewhenimconcentratingsointenselythatmybrainisexploding.so,anybodycanlearntodrawinfivedaysandinthesameway,withthesamelogic,anybodycanlearnasecondlanguageinsixmonths.

how:therearefiveprinciplesandsevenactions.theremaybeafewmorebuttheseareabsolutelycore.andbeforeigetintothoseijustwanttotalkabouttwomyths,dispeltwomyths.thefirstisthatyouneedtalent.letmetellyouaboutzoe.zoecamefromaustralia,wenttoholland,wastryingtolearndutch,strugglingagreatdealandfinallypeopleweresaying:yourecompletelyuseless,yourenottalented,giveup,youreawasteoftimeandshewasvery,verydepressed.andthenshecameacrossthesefiveprinciples,shemovedtobrazilandsheappliedthemandwithinsixmonthsshewasfluentinportuguese,sotalentdoesntmatter.

peoplealsothinkthatimmersioninanewcountryisthewaytolearnalanguage.butlookaroundhongkong,lookatallthewesternerswhovebeenherefortenyears,whodontspeakawordofchinese.lookatallthechineselivinginamerica,britain,australia,canadahavebeenthereten,twentyyearandtheydontspeakanyenglish.immersionpersedoesntnotwork,why?becauseadrowningmancannotlearntoswim.whenyoudontspeakalanguageyourelikeababyandifyoudropyourselfintoacontextwhichisalladultstalkingaboutstuffoveryourhead,youwontlearn.

so,whatarethefiveprinciplesthatyouneedtopayattentionto;first:thefourwords,attention,meaning,relevanceandmemory,ewithmeonajourneythroughaforest.yougoonawalkthroughaforestandyouseesomethinglikethis.littlemarksonatree,maybeyoupayattention,maybeyoudont.yougoanotherfiftymetresandyouseethis.youshouldbepayingattention.anotherfiftymetres,ifyouhaventbeenpayingattention,youseethis.

andatthispoint,yourepayingattention.andyouvejustlearnedthatthisisimportant,itsrelevantbecauseitmeansthis,andanythingthatisrelated,anyinformationrelatedtoyoursurvivalisstuffthatyouregoingtopayattentiontoandthereforeyouregoingtorememberit.ifitsrelatedtoyourpersonalgoalsthenyouregoingtopayattentiontoit,ifitsrelevantyouregoingtorememberit.so,thefirstrule,thefirstprincipleforlearningalanguageisfocusonlanguagecontentthatisrelevanttoyou.whichbringsustotools.wemastertoolbyusingtoolsandwelearntoolsthefastestwhentheyarerelevanttous.

soletmeshareastory.akeyboardisatool.typingchineseacertainway,therearemethodsforthis.thatsatool.ihadacolleaguemanyyearsagowhowenttonightschool;tuesdaynight,thursdaynight,twohourseachnight,practicingathome,shespentninemonths,andshedidnotlearntotypechinese.andonenightwehadacrisis.wehadfortyeighthourstodeliveratrainingmanualinchinese.andshegotthejob,andicanguaranteeyouinfortyeighthours,shelearnedtotypechinesebecauseitwasrelevant,itwasimportant,itwasmeaningful,shewasusingatooltocreatevalue.sothesecondtoolforlearningalanguageistouseyourlanguageasatooltocommunicaterightfromdayone.

asakiddoes.whenifirstarrivedinchinaididntspeakawordofchinese,andonmysecondweekigottotakeatrainrideovernight.ispenteighthourssittinginthediningcaretalkingtooneoftheguardsonthetrain,hetookaninterestinmeforsomereason,andwejustchattedallnightinchineseandhewasdrawingpicturesandmakingmovementswithhishandsandfacialexpressionsandpiecebypiecebypieceiunderstoodmoreandmore.butwhatwasreallycool,wastwoweekslater,whenpeopleweretalkingchinesearoundme,iwasunderstandingsomeofthisandihadntevenmadeanyefforttolearnthat.

whathadhappened,idabsorbeditthatnightonthetrain,whichbringsustothethirdprinciple.whenyoufirstunderstandthemessage,thenyouwillacquirethelanguage3unconsciously.andthisisreally,reallywelldocumentednow,itssomethingcalledcomprehensibleinputandtherestwentyorthirtyyearsofresearchonthis,stephenkrashen,aleaderinthefieldhaspublishedallsortsofthesedifferentstudiesandthisisjustfromoneofthem.thepurplebarsshowthescoresondifferenttestsforlanguage.thepurplepeoplewerepeoplewhohadlearnedbygrammarandformalstudy,thegreenonesaretheoneswholearnedbycomprehensibleinput.so,prehensioniskeyandlanguagelearningisnotaboutaccumulatinglotsofknowledge.inmany,manywaysitsaboutphysiologicaltraining.

awomaniknowfromtaiwandidgreatatenglishatschool,shegotagradesallthewaythrough,wentthroughcollege,agrades,wenttotheusandfoundshecouldntunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying.andpeoplestartedaskingher:areyoudeaf?andshewas.englishdeaf.becausewehavefiltersinourbrainthatfilternthesoundsthatwearefamiliarwithandtheyfilteroutthesoundsoflanguageswerenot.andifyoucanthearit,youwontunderstanditandifyoucantunderstandit,yourenotgoingtolearnit.soyouactuallyhavetobeabletohearthesesounds.andtherearewaystodothatbutitsphysiologicaltraining.speakingtakesmuscle.youvegotforty-threemusclesinyourface,youhavetocoordinatethoseinawaythatyoumakesoundsthatotherpeoplewillunderstand.

ifyouveeverdoneanewsportforacoupleofdays,andyouknowhowyourbodyfeels?andithurts?ifyourfaceishurtingyouredoingitright.andthefinalprincipleisstate.psycho-physiologicalstate.ifyouresad,angry,worried,upset,yourenotgoingtolearn.period.ifyourehappy,relaxed,inanalphabrainstate,curious,youregoingtolearnreallyquickly,andveryspecificallyyouneedtobetolerantofambiguity.ifyoureoneofthosepeoplewhoneedstounderstand100%everywordyourehearing,youwillgonuts,becauseyoullbeincrediblyupsetallthetime,becauseyourenotperfect.ifyourecomfortablewithgettingsome,notgettingsome,justpayingattentiontowhatyoudounderstand,youregoingtobefine,youllberelaxedandyoullbelearningquickly.

sobasedonthosefiveprinciples,whatarethesevenactionsthatyouneedtotake?numberone:listenalot.icallitbrainsoaking.youputyourselfinacontextwhereyourehearingtonsandtonsofalanguageanditdoesntmatterifyouunderstanditornot.yourelisteningtopatterns,yourelisteningtothingsthatrepeat,yourelisteningtothingsthatstandout.so,justsoakyourbraininthis.thesecondaction:isthatyougetthemeaningfirst,evenbeforeyougetthewords.yougowellhowdoidothat,idontknowthewords,well,youunderstandwhatthesedifferentposturesmean.humancommunicationisbodylanguageinmany,manyways,somuchbodylanguage.

frombodylanguageyoucanunderstandalotofcommunication,therefore,youreunderstanding,youreacquiringthroughcomprehensibleinput.andyoucanalsousepatternsthatyoualreadyknow.ifyoureachinesespeakerofmandarinandcantoneseandyougovietnam,youwillunderstand60%ofwhattheysaytoyouindailyconversation,becausevietnameseisabout30%mandarin,30%cantonese.thethirdaction:startmixing.youprobablyhaveneverthoughtofthisbutifyouvegottenverbs,tennounsandtenadjectivesyoucansayonethousanddifferentthings.

languageisacreativeprocess.whatdobabiesdo?okay:me.bat(h).now.okay,thatshowtheycommunicate.sostartmixing,getcreative,havefunwithit,itdoesnthavetobeperfectitjusthastowork.andwhenyouredoingthisyoufocusonthecore.whatdoesthatmean?wellanylanguageishighfrequencycontent.inenglish1000wordscovers85%ofanythingyoureevergoingtosayindailycommunication.3000wordsgivesyou98%ofanythingyouregoingtosayindailyconversation.yougot3000words,yourespeakingthelanguage.therestisicingonthecake.andwhenyourejustbeggingwithanewlanguagestartwiththetoolbox.weeknumberoneinyournewlanguage4yousaythingslike:howdoyousaythat?idontunderstand,repeatthatplease,whatdoesthatmean,allinyourtargetlanguage.youreusingitasatool,makingitusefultoyou,itsrelevanttolearnotherthingsaboutthelanguage.itsbyweektwothatyoushouldbesayingthingslike:me,this,you,that,give,youknow,hot,simplepronouns,simplenouns,simpleverbs,simpleadjectives,communicatinglikeababy.andbythethirdorfourthweek,youregettingintowhaticallgluewords.although,but,therefore,thesearelogicaltransformersthattiebitsofalanguagetogether,allowingyoutomakemorecomplexmeaning.atthatpointyouretalking.

andwhenyouredoingthat,youshouldgetyourselfalanguageparent.ifyoulookathowchildrenandparentinteract,youllunderstandwhatthismeans.whenachildisspeaking,itllbeusingsimplewords,simplecombinations,sometimesquitestrange,sometimesverystrangepronunciationandotherpeoplefromoutsidethefamilydontunderstandit.buttheparentsdo.andsothekidhasasafeenvironment,getsconfidence.theparentstalktothechildrenwithbodylanguageandwithsimplelanguagewhichtheyknowthechildunderstands.sowehaveacomprehensibleinputenvironmentthatssafe,weknowitworksotherwisenoneofyouwouldspeakyourmothertongue.soyougetyourselfalanguageparent,whossomebodyinterestedinyouasapersonwhowillcommunicatewithyouessentiallyasanequal,butpayattentiontohelpyouunderstandthemessage.therearefourrulesofalanguageparent.spousesbythewayarenotverygoodatthis,okay?butthefourrulesare,firstofall,theywillworkhardtounderstandwhatyoumeanevenwhenyourewayoffbeat.

secondly,theywillnevercorrectyourmistakes.thirdlytheywillfeedbacktheirunderstandingofwhatyouaresayingsoyoucanrespondappropriatelyandgetthatfeedbackandthentheywillusewordsthatyouknow.thesixththingyouhavetodo,iscopytheface.yougottogetthemusclesworkingright,s