常用醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞根一

顏色及與顏色有關(guān)的前綴顏色通用名前綴例如色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer紅rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黃yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma藍bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple綠green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉紅pinkoinkfrothysputum緋紅crimson青銅bronzedbronzeddiabetes注：有些病名的“藍〞“紫〞“青〞為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-〞.與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前〔后〕綴(1)含義前〔后〕綴形容詞例如病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài)-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無a-/an-atypicalanuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopicmacronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly復(fù)合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前〔后〕綴(2)含義前〔后〕綴例如相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困難/障礙dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎癥-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/塊-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血癥-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea壞死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia結(jié)石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes與方位有關(guān)的前綴含義通用詞前綴例如上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiorinfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac內(nèi)nner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial間betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/對oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：invivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);invitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；insitu/in’saitju:/原位與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前〔后〕綴含義前〔后〕綴例如切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切開-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切〔割〕-tometracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形術(shù)-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整〔矯〕形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography經(jīng)…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正〞“原〞與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前〔后〕綴含義前〔后〕綴例如酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrin與“作用〞有關(guān)的前〔后〕綴含義前〔后〕綴例如殺-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驅(qū)逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脫/除de-dehydroprednis