新教材高中英語Unit3TheInternetSectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures導(dǎo)學(xué)案新人教版必修第二冊

SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructuresfunction/'f?nk?n/n.&vi.[雙解]aspecialactivityorpurposeofapersonorthing功能，作用，機能；起作用，正常工作，運轉(zhuǎn)[語塊]physicalfunctions身體功能battery/'b?tri/n.[雙解]adevicethatprovidesthepowerforelectricalitemssuchasradiosandchildren'stoys電池[語塊]phonebattery手機電池confirm/k?n'f??(r)m/vt.[雙解]showthatsthisdefinitelytrueorcorrect,especiallybyprovidingevidence確認(rèn)；使確信[語塊]confirmthepassword確認(rèn)密碼Wi-Fi/'waIfaI/n.[雙解]asystemforsendingdataovercomputernetworksusingradiowavesinsteadofwires無線保真(用無線電波而非網(wǎng)線在計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的系統(tǒng))[語塊]Wi-Fipassword無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)密碼；Wi-Fi密碼press/pres/vt.[雙解]pushsthcloselyandfirmlyagainststh按，壓；敦促[語塊]pressthebutton按下按鈕button/'b?tn/n.[雙解]asmallroundpieceofmetal,plasticthatissewnontoapieceofclothingandusedforfasteningtwopartstogether按鈕；紐扣[語塊]sewonabutton縫上扣子file/faIl/n.[雙解]acollectionofinformationstoredtogetherinacomputer,underaparticularname文件；文件夾；檔案[語塊]copyafile復(fù)制一個文件依據(jù)實際狀況，完整回答以下問題，思索并說出：問句中的被動語態(tài)用了何種時態(tài)？1．HowmanynewEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedthisterm?[參考答案]Morethan400wordshave_been_learnedthisterm.2．Howmanyunitshavebeenlearnedsincethebeginningofthisschoolnewyear?[參考答案]Eightunitshave_been_learnedsincethebeginningofthisschoolnewyear.Nowwehavebeenlearningtheninthunit.(兩個問句中都是運用了現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。)Ⅰ核心詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1．confirmvt.確認(rèn)；使確信；證明句式例句confirmsthIwanttoconfirmourarrangementtomeetnextMonday.我想確認(rèn)一下我們下周一的見面支配。confirmthat...Canyouconfirmthatyouwillbeabletoattendthemeeting?你能確認(rèn)你可以參與會議嗎？confirmone'sopinionthat...Heractionsconfirmedmyopinionthatsheisaresponsibleandwarm-heartedlady.她的行為證明了我的看法，她是一個負(fù)責(zé)任并且熱心的女士。[同義詞]assure(確定);prove(證明);makecertain(確定)[反義詞]deny(否認(rèn));reject(拒絕);refuse(拒絕)[詞類改變]confirmation證明，確認(rèn)請依據(jù)你的實際狀況完整地回答問題完成對話：Teacher:Sinceyouhavecaughtacold,doyouconfirmthatyouwillbeabletoattendschooltomorrow?Student:________________________________________________________[參考答案]Yes,Ido./Yes,IconfirmthatIwillbeabletoattendschooltomorrow./No,Idon't./No,Idon'tconfirmthatIwillbeabletoattendschooltomorrow.2．pressvt.按，壓；敦促n.新聞界，新聞工作者短語/習(xí)語例句press(sth/sb/yourself)againststh使……緊貼于……Hepressedhisbackagainstthedoor.他把后背緊緊靠在門上。presssthinto/ontosth將……塞進；把……按入Hepressedacoinintoherhandandmovedon.他把一枚硬幣塞進她手里，然后接著向前走。presssbtodosth敦促某人做某事Theteacherpressedtheclasstodobetterwork.老師督促班上的同學(xué)要更加努力。presssbintodoingsth不斷要求/牽強某人做某事Don'tletyourselfbepressedintodoingsomethingyoudon'tlike.不要牽強自己做不喜愛的事情。presssbforsth督促/逼迫某人做某事Hisparentsalwayspresshimforhomework.他的父母總是催他做作業(yè)。pressforsth不斷要求……Theyagreedtopressfortheconferencetodealwiththeproblem.他們同意召開會議來處理這個問題。presssthonsb牽強某人接受……；促某人吃(或喝)……Shekeptpressingthefruitsonus.她非要我們吃水果不行。[相關(guān)詞]reporter記者；journalist新聞記者；新聞工作者；pressconference記者款待會請依據(jù)你的實際狀況完整地回答問題完成對話：Teacher:Haveyoueverbeenpressedintodoingsomethingyoudon'tlike?Student:________________________________________________________[參考答案]Yes,Ihave./Yes,IhaveeverbeenpressedintodoingsomethingIdon'tlike./No,Ihaven't./No,Ihaven'teverbeenpressedintodoingsomethingIdon'tlike.Ⅱ語法專題：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)(ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice)1．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式構(gòu)成例句確定形式主語＋have/has＋been＋doneTheTVsethasbeenrepairedbymyfather.電視機已經(jīng)被我爸爸修好了。Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.該軟件已下載，以幫助我的手機電池持續(xù)更長的時間。否定形式主語＋have/hasnot＋been＋doneThehomeworkhasnotbeenfinishedyet.作業(yè)還沒有完成。一般疑問式Have/Has＋主語＋been＋done...？Hasyourreservationbeenconfirmed?你的預(yù)訂確認(rèn)過了嗎？HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed？Wi-Fi密碼確認(rèn)過了嗎？特別疑問式疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋been＋done...？Whatquestionshasbeenasked(byhim)？他問了什么問題？2．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法常見標(biāo)記詞用法說明例句already,yet,never,recently等副詞剛好間狀語sofar,bynow,uptillnow等連用表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.這個房間已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不用打掃房間了。)Thedoctorhasn'tbeensentforyet.還沒有派人去請醫(yī)生。(現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)派人去請醫(yī)生。)常與for或since等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語(從句)連用，或用于howlong引導(dǎo)的句子中表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去起先始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能接著持續(xù)下去Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺機器已經(jīng)修了兩個小時了。(可能還會接著被修。)Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?這項工程已經(jīng)實施多長時間了？(可能還會接著實施。)一般將來時willdo用在時間狀語從句中，表示將來某時之前已經(jīng)完成的動作We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.這份工作一完成我們就動身。3．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)留意事項留意事項例句現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)分：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去的某個時間，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)側(cè)重于表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成了影響(或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果)Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.大火在兩小時前被撲滅了。(只說明動作發(fā)生在過去)Thebigfirehasbeenputout.大火已經(jīng)被撲滅了。(說明動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，“現(xiàn)在火滅了”)非持續(xù)性動詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài)Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.工程已起先三個月了。(for后面接一段時間，動詞不能用start，需將start改為be動詞。)Thelightshavebeenonforthreehours.燈已經(jīng)開了三個小時了。請依據(jù)你的實際狀況完整地回答問題完成對話：Teacher:Hasthehomeworkbeenhandedin?Student:________________________________________________________[參考答案]Yes,ithas./Yes,ithasbeenhandedin./No,ithasnot./No,ithasnotbeenhandedin.Ⅰ.詞匯語法運用與翻譯寫作(30分)漢譯英：運用本課所學(xué)的詞匯和句型將下列句子翻譯成英語。(假如不寫序號，連寫在一起，就是一篇完整的文章。)1．已經(jīng)買了一臺新型多功能個人電腦。_________________________________________________________________[參考答案]AkindofnewPC(personalcomputer)withmorefunctionshasbeenbought.2．已閱歷證了Wi-Fi密碼，可以上網(wǎng)了。_________________________________________________________________[參考答案]TheWi-Fipasswordhasbeenconfirmed,andtheInternetcanbeaccessed.3．已經(jīng)下載了一個英語學(xué)習(xí)軟件幫助提高英語口語。_________________________________________________________________[參考答案]AlearningEnglishsoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpimproveoralEnglish.4．有關(guān)(relevant)文件已經(jīng)復(fù)制并存在電腦里了。_________________________________________________________________[參考答案]Therelevantfiles/documentshavebeencopiedandstoredinthePC.5．這臺電腦很好用，已經(jīng)對這臺新電腦做出了評價。_________________________________________________________________[參考答案]Thispersonalcomputerworksverywell,andacommenthasbeenmadeaboutthisnewPC.Ⅱ.語法學(xué)問與概要寫作(40分)閱讀下面講解被動語態(tài)的文章，然后寫一篇80詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。EnglishGrammar:ThePassiveVoice&WhentoUseItInEnglish,thesubjectofasentenceisusuallyanactorthatisdoinganaction.Forexample:Theboybrokethewindow.Inthissentence,theboyistheactorwhodidtheaction(breaking).Theobjectofthesentence(thewindow)iswhatreceivestheaction.Thesentenceisaboutthesubject(theboy),whichismoreimportantthantheobjectoftheverb(thewindow).Thisisanactivesentence,whichisalsocalledtheactivevoice.ThePassiveVoice:“Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.”Inapassivesentence,thesituationistheopposite.Wemovetheobjectoftheverb(window)tothebeginningofthesentence,soitcanbecomethesubject.Thisishowwebuildapassivesentence：Subject(Thewindow)＋BEverb(was)＋pastparticiple(broken)[＋byactor(bytheboy)]**thephrasebytheboyisoptional.Whydoweusethepassivevoice?Thereareseveralreasons.Herearefourofthem.Reason1:Theobjectoftheverbismoreimportant.Example:“Abodywasfoundinthepark.”Thissentenceintheactivevoiceis:“Thepolicefoundabodyinthepark.”Whichismoreimportant:thepolice(thesubject)orthebody(theobject)?Answer:Thebody!Thatisthesurprisinginformation!Andbecausetheobjectofthesentenceisthemostimportantthing,wechangethesentencetothepassivevoice.Wemovetheobjectoftheverbtothebeginningofthesentencesoitcanbecomethesubject:Abodywasfoundinthepark(bythepolice).Inthissentence,youprobablydon'tevenneedtosay“bythepolice”becausethatinformationisn'timportant.Themostimportantthingisthebody,soitbecomesthesubjectandthefirstwordofapassivesentence.Reason2:Wedon'tknowwhotheactoris.Example:“JohnF.Kennedywaskilledin1963.”Thissentenceintheactivevoiceis:“SomeonekilledJohnF.Kennedyin1963.”Intheaboveactivesentence,thesubject(“someone”)doesn'tgiveusanyusefulinformation.Wedon'tknowwhokilledJohnF.Kennedysothereisn'treallyareasontomake“someone”thesubject.Again,likeReason1,theobjectoftheverb(JohnF.Kennedy)isthemostimportantthing.Reason3:Theactorisobvioussoyoudon'tneedtosayit.Example:“Englishisspokeninmanycountries.”Thissentenceintheactivevoiceis:“PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.”Doestheactivesentencegiveusanyusefulinformation?No.Why?Well,whenweseetheverbspeak,weknowthatwearetalkingaboutpeople.PeoplearetheonlyanimalswhowouldbeabletospeakalanguagelikeEnglish.Therecanbenoothersubject.So,inthiscase,wecanmakeapassivesentencetofocusontheobject(English)．Reason4:Youdon'twanttosaywhotheactoris.Example:“Unfortunately,thereportwasn'tfinishedontime.”Thissentenceintheactivevoicecouldbe:“Unfortunately,Johndidn'tfinishthereportontime.”AreyouJohn'sfriend?Ifso,youmightwanttousethepassivesentence.Thepassivesentencedoesn'tfocusontheactor.Infact,itdoesn'tevenmentionJohn.Byusingthepassivevoice,wecantaketheattentionawayfromtheactorandjustfocusontheobjectthatreceivedtheaction(thereport).Thereportwasn'tfinishedontime.Bynotincludingtheactor,thelistenerdoesn'tknowwhotoblame.Agoodexampleofwhyweusethepassivevoicecanbeseeninthissimpleconversation：A：Whenwereyouborn?B：Iwasbornin2005.Didyouknowthatboththequestionandtheanswerareinthepassivevoice?Theword‘born’isthepastparticipleoftheverbbear(bear/bore/born).Wedon'task“Wheredidyourmotherbearyou？”nordoweanswer“Mymotherboremein2005”becausewewanttotalkaboutyou,notyourmother.Yourmotherisnotimportant(Rule1).Inaddition,wedon'tusetheactivevoicebecauseweknowthatyourmotherboreyou.Theonlypersonthatcangivebirthtoapersonishisorhermother.Theactorisobvioussowedon'tneedtosayit(Rule2)．Note:Youcanonlyusethepassivevoicewithtransitiveverbs.Transitiveverbs,suchaseat,throw,andread,arefollowedbyadirectobject.Youcaneatsomething,throwsomething,andreadsomething.Intransitiveverbs,suchashappen,come,anddie,arenotfollowedbyadirectobject.Youcannothappensomething,youcannotcomesomething,youcannotdiesomething.Becauseintransitiveverbsdonothaveadirectobject,theycannotbeusedinthepassivevoice.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[優(yōu)秀范文]ThePassiveVoice&WhentoUseItWhenwemovetheobjectoftheverbinanactivesentencetothebeginningofthesentence,apassivesentenceisbuilt.TherearefouroccasionswhereweusethePassiveVoice:Theobjectoftheverbismoreimportant;Notknowingwhotheactoris;Theactorisclear,noneedtomentionit;Nowillingtosayouttheactor.Thetypicalexampleofwhyweusethepassivevoicecanbeseeninthissimpleconversation:A:Whenwereyouborn?B:Iwasbornin2005.Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫(30分)閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Youareinabeautifulplaceenjoyingthelandscape,maybefishing,butsuddenlythepeaceandquietisinterruptedbythenoisysoundofacellphone!Cellphonesareeverywhere,butsomepeopledon'tknowwhatthelimitsofcellphoneuseare.AsfarasIamconcerned,it'sjustamatterofeducation,goodmannersandcommonsense.IfIgotoabeautifulplace,justliketheoneImentioned,itisbecauseIwanttoenjoynature.Icandoit,butwithoutdisturbingotherpeople.Nowadays,that'sthebiggestproblem.Peopledisturbothers,firstwiththeringingoftheircellphonesandthenwiththeirconversationsbecausetheyusuallyspeakveryloudly.Noteverybodyinapublicplaceshouldhavetolistentoprivateconversations.Evenmoreannoying,youhearjustonepartoftheconversation.Peopleneedtolearnhowtousecellphonescorrectly.Ifthereisanemergency,cellphonesareacceptable;butrememberthatjustafewyearsagofewpeoplehadcellphonesandthewholesocietysurvived!Nowadayspeoplecan'tseemtolivewithoutthiskindoftechnology.Theytalkinrestaurants,inrestrooms,incars,inhospitals,andatparties.It'sincredible!Butagain,noteverybodywantstolistentootherpeople'sprivateconversation.It'slikesmoking.Justaspeopledon'twanttobebotheredbysmokers,theydon'twanttobedisturbedbycellphonetalkers.Oursocietyhastolearntorespectotherpeople.Itwouldbegreatifloudtalkingwasseenasreallybadmanners.Theuseofcellphonesmustberestrictedinplacessuchascinemas,theatres,museums,classroomsandhospitals.Nowadays,peoplejustlaughwhenacellphoneringsintheseplaces,butit'sjustthebeginning,sointhefutureIthinkthingsaregoingtochange.Theyshouldgetticketswhentheyusethemininappropriateplaces,likepeoplegettingparkingticketswhentheyparkinwrongplaces.留意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。Oneshouldmakeanapologyifhedisturbsothers.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________