高考英語 閱讀理解之科普知識類試題匯編

科普知識類第一部分七年高考題薈萃年高考題1.（·陜西卷）DEversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s,genticallymondified(GM,轉(zhuǎn)基因)foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheword,mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwould,isitthebestsolutiorr?Despitewhatitpromiises,GMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.InfactStudiesshowthatthemostcrownGMcroo.GMsoybeans,hassufferedreducedproductivity.Forinstance,areportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmojorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise,WhileGMseedsareexpensive,GMcompanicstellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides（殺蟲劑）.Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butnetheristrue,”saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.Atthesametime,theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction,butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhile,theriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood,accordingtoaWorldBankreport.Asamatteroffact,scientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger,becausebetterwaysoutareavailable,amongwhich“green”farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.57.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.【C】A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?【D】A.Control.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.Increase.59.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.【B】A.practicing“green”farmingB.useoflesschemicalsC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel60.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?【C】A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.DisapprovingD.Casual2.（·重慶卷）CGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.64.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause.A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironment.B.theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayinC.theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsD.theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease65.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV’sattitudetobathing?A.Afraid.B.Curious.C.Approving.D.Uninterested.66.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.67.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt.B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.【答案】CACD3.（·湖南卷）CArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)speciesThediscoverywasmadebyresearchersatYorkandHarvarduniversitieswhentheywereexaminingthegeneticrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothandmastodontomodernelephants—theAsianelephant,AfricanforestelephantandAfricansavannaelephantOncetheyobtainedDNAsequences(序列)fromtwofossils(化石)，mammothsandmastodonstheteamcomparedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtotheiramazementthatmodernforestandsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsandmammoths.ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantsandtheAfricanforestelephantshavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespeciesbutthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.Previously,manynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavannaelephantsandAfricanforestelephantsweretwopopulationsofthesamespeciesdespitetheelephants’significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhiletheforestelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof2.5metres.Thesavannaelephantweighsbetweensixandseventons,roughlydoubletheweightoftheforestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferentdoesnotnecessarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.However,theprooflayintheanalysisoftheDNA.AlfredRoca,assistantprofessorinthedepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityofMinois,said,“Wenowhavetotreattheforestandsavannaelephantsastwodifferentunitsforconservationpurpose.Since1950allAfricanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies.Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctanimals,theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerprio66.Oneofthefossilsstudiedbytheresearchersisthatof________.A.theAsianelephantB.theforestelephantC.thesavannaelephantD.themastodonelephant67.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inparagraph4means“________”A.evolutionB.exhibitionC.separationD.examination68.Theresearcher’sconclusionwasbasedonastudyoftheAfricanelephant’s____________A.DNAB.heightC.weightD.population69.WhatwereAlfredRoca’swordsmainlyabout?A.TheconversationofAfricanelephants.B.ThepurposeofstudyingAfricanelephantsC.ThewaytodivideAfricanelephantsintotwounitsD.ThereasonforthedistinctionofAfricanelephants70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Naturalist’sBeliefaboutElephants.B.AmazingExperimentaboutElephantsC.AnUnexpectedFindingaboutElephantsD.ALongscientificDebateaboutElephantsC科普說明文：Africanelephant有兩個不同的種類66.fossils定位，找到第三段第一句，有兩種fossils，mam和mas，選項D67.文中divergenceofthetwospecies指代前文theAseandtheAfehavebeendistinctspecies,divergence與distinct同義替換，對應(yīng)選項C68.conclusion,basedon定位，找到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句layin與basedon同義替換，答案：A69.AR定位，找到倒數(shù)第一段，從AR的話中，第一句forconservationpurpose,最后一句forconservationpurpose確定A70.文章首句點明全文主旨，答案：C4.（·江西卷）DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潛在的)resourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products(副產(chǎn)品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.71.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1? A.Toexpresshisdoubts. B.Tocomparedifferentideas. C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion. D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.72.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2? A.Humansarenature-borntodoso. B.Humanshavethetendencytofight. C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood. D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.73.Theunderlinedword“spin-offs”inParagraph4probablyrefersto______. A.survivalchances B.potentialresources C.unexpectedbenefits D.physicalpossessions74.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets? A.O urgeneticmakeup. B.Resourcesontheearth.. C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans. D.By-productsinspaceexploration.75.Whichofthestatementscanbestsumunthepassage? A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders. B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney. C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.解析：71.推理判斷題。答案選C。文章是典型的議論說明文，是提出問題，分析問題的套路。第一段通過提出一系列關(guān)于太空探索利弊的問題引發(fā)討論。并不是真的有這些懷疑，也沒有鮮明的正反觀點，所以AB不對。D偏差較遠(yuǎn)。

72.主旨題。答案選A。第二段是典型的總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，主旨句在段首段尾。Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.主要原因在于人類基因。Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.而B選項錯在fight這個詞。CD沒提及。73.詞義猜測題。選C。根據(jù)spinoff前面的wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoff關(guān)鍵詞benefit，受益。而spinoff后面的including…說的全是獲得的利益，如improvementsinearthquakeprediction.地震預(yù)測的進步等等，而不是什么生存機會，或者潛在資源。所以選C。74.細(xì)節(jié)題。答案選C。按照問題順序一致原則，答案應(yīng)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)在最后兩段。在最后一段的首句我們找到了一個極端詞用以定位。Whileearthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.直接由翻譯可知，人類的適應(yīng)能力使我們在其他星球的居住成為可能。75.推理判斷題。選D。除去前兩段引入，第三段主旨句（首句）的意思是每個文明都會探索周圍文明以減低危險，第四段主旨句（首句）說的是探索使得我們能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在能源。第五段主旨句（首句）說的是探索使得很多人發(fā)現(xiàn)解決問題的有用資源?？偟膩碚f，就可歸結(jié)為，太空探索可以幫助我們很多，避免很多問題。5.（·江蘇卷）AWeknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcleanthinkso.Infact,Mclean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented”what”,however,Mcleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe”why”and”how”questions.AccordingtoMclean,”So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well,MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoMewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewinshield,shefoundhersefewonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuolt-indevicforcleaingthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,alever(操作桿)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontralanarmontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations，It’shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan’strafficlight.It’sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett’sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible,Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?56.Bymentionong“trafficlight”and“windshieldwiper”,theauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare.A.beneficial,becausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficial,thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notuseful,becausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notuseful,thoughtheirinventorsarefamous57.ProfessorJoanMcLean’scourseaimsto_____.A.addcolourandvarietytostudents’campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper’sinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainD.pre[arestudentstotrytheieowninvention58．TommyLee’sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas_________.A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean’slectures59.Which0fthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?AHowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?BHowtoDesignaBuilt-inDerviceforCleaningtheWindow?CShouldn’tWeKnowWhoInventdtheWindshieldWiper?DShouldn’tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?56.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容結(jié)合下文可推斷，作者提到交通信號燈、雨刮器等發(fā)明，是想說無數(shù)的發(fā)明對人類十分有益，雖然它們的發(fā)明者沒有太大的名氣。57.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，JohnMcLean教授開設(shè)這門課程的目的就是讓學(xué)生有足夠的準(zhǔn)備去嘗試自己發(fā)明東西。58.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，TommyLee發(fā)明的“不會折斷的雨傘”就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激勵。59.C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章的第一段就是主題段，特別是第一段最后一句充分體現(xiàn)了作者想要表達(dá)的心聲，接下來的內(nèi)容都是圍繞第一段展開并為第一段服務(wù)的。6.（·江蘇卷）CAccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigwattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine(渦輪發(fā)電機).Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton,2.3-megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture),atechnologyHywind’screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecable(纜索)；thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstability(穩(wěn)定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar’stodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(變速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture)Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.63.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof_______.A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB.thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawaterC.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface64.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonaflattingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting____________.A.ontheseafloorB.onthespartopC.atsealevelD.behindtheblades65.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan____________.A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD.explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea63.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句可知，該工程采用了全新的技術(shù)，是為了確保漂浮在深海水域中的圓材的穩(wěn)定。64.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，為了使較大的渦輪發(fā)電機能在圓材上保持平衡，公司計劃設(shè)計新的發(fā)電機，其變速箱在海平面上。65.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，深海風(fēng)能技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用可能會在海洋上開發(fā)出可使用的低碳能源。7.（·湖北卷）BHowlingisabehaviorcommonlyobservedamongawolfnark.Ananimals,wolvesworktogethertohuntandrelyonhowlingwasanimportantmeansofcommunicationeachother.Therearedifferentexplantsofawolf’showlanditappearsthattheremaybemoretodiscover.Onetheoryisthatwolveshowltobendbettertogether.It’salmostasifhowlingtogetherhelpsthepackstaytogether.Perhapssomethingsimilartopeoplefeelingasenseofinvolvementwitheachotherwhensingingasongtogether.Butthistheorymaybewrong,explainsFredH.Harington,aprofessorwhostudieswolfbehavior.Indeed,therehavebeentineswhenwolveshavebeenseenonemomenthowlinginaexhorts,andthenext,quarrelinganionseachother.Itappearsthatusuallythelowest-tankingmenthesofthepackmayactuallybe“punished”forJoininginthechursattimes.Soishowlingawaytostrcagthenasocialboadorjustawaytoreconfirmstatusamongitsmembers?——Whydowelveshowlforsure?Whatiscleat,however,isthathowlingisoftenusedamongpackmatestolocateeachother.Huntinggroundsaredistantandithappensthatwolovesmayseparatefromoneanotherattimes.Whenthishappens,howlingappcarstobeanercellentmeansofgathering.Howling,interestingly,isacontagiousbehaviour.Whenonewolfstartstohowl,verylikelyotherswillfollow.Thisisoftenseentooccatinthemorning,asifwolvesweredoingsomesotrof“rollrall”wherewolvesallhowltogetertohowl,verylikelyotherswillfollow.Thisisoftenseentooccarinthemorning,asifwolvesweredoingwsomesotrof“rollcall”wherewolvesallhowltogethertorepotrtheirpteence.55.Whattheporsimilaritybetweenwolves’howhumaestinginchorus?A.Theactofcallingeachother.B.thesenseofaccomplishment.C.Theactofhuntingforsomething.D.Thesenseofbelongingtoagroup.56.WhydoesHarringtonthinkthe“secialboad”theorymaybewrong?A.Wolvesseparatefromeachotherafterhowling.B.Wolvestendtoprotecttheirhuntinggrounds.C.Wolvessometimeshavequarrelsafterhowlingtogether.D.Wolvesoflowrankareencouragedtojoininthechorus.57.Reseatchersaresurethatwolvesoftenhowlto______.A.showtheirranksB.C.repotrthemissingonesD.expresstheirlonelingess58.“Howling…isacontagiousbehaviour”(inthelastparagraph)means_______.A.howlingisasignalforhuntingB.howlingisawayofcommunicationC.howlingaftenoccursinthemorningD.howlingspreadsfromonetoanother【答案】DCBD8.（·湖北卷）EWhichareyoumorelikelytohavewathyouatsnygivenmement—yourcellphoneoryourwallet?Soonyoumaybeabletothrowyourwalletawayandpayforthingswithaquickwaveofyoursmartphoneoveranelectrouescannet.InJanuary,Starbucksannouncedthatcustomerscouldstartusingtheirphonestobuycoffeein6,800ofitsstates.ThisisthefirstpaybyphonepracticeintheU.S.,butwe’relikelytoseemorewitelesspaymentalternativesassomethingcalleducarfieldcommuncation(NFC)GETSINTOAmerica’sconsumetelectanies.LastDeccmbetsomenewsmartphaneswhichcantainanNFCchipwereintroducedtothemidlit.AlreadyinuseinpartofAsiaandEurope,NFCtheirplanafewinceesliveapaymenttetminalaoneafewptahtneedtobeworkedout,likewhowillgettocollecttheprofitabletrunsacian(交易)fees.AlthoughsomecreditcardprovidershavebeenexperimentingwithwaveandpaysystemsthatuseNFCenabledcreditcards,cellphoneserviceproviderstruaytrytomusedtheirwayintothepointofsale(POS)market.Threebiggellphoneserviceprovidershaveformedajoinftenture(合資企業(yè))thatwillgointoopentionoverthenexti15months.Itsgoalis“toleadtheU.S.paymentsindustryfromcardstomobilephone.”TheotherbigNFCsue,apartfromhowpaymeatswillbeprocessed,issecurity,Forinstance,what’stostopathieffromdigitallypickpocketingyou?“We’restillnotatthepointwhereanattackercanjustbrushagainstyeeinacrowdandstealallthemoneyoutofyourphone,”saysJimmyShah.Amobilesecurityrescarcher,“Useramayalsobeabletosettransactiontimeits,requiringapasswordtobeentecedforlargerputchases.Bussiness?Keepinmundyoulostyoursmartphone,itcanbelocatedonalocatedonamapandremotelynedPlus,yourphonecanbepasswordprotected,Yourwalletisn’t.67.WhatispredictedtohappenintheU.S.?A.Theexpansionofcellphonecompanices.B.Theboomofpaybyphonebusiness.C.Thedissppearanceofcreditcards.D.TheincreaseofStarbuckssales.s68.TheNFCtechnologycanbeusedto________.A.ensurethesafetyofshoppersB.collecttransactionfeeseasilyC.makepurchasefasterandsmplerD.improvethequalityofcellphones69.Threecellphoneserviceprovidersformajointventureto__________.A.strengthentheirrelationshipB.getashareinthepaymentsindustryC.sellmorecellphonesD.testtheNFCteehnoingy70.Accordingtothewhatcanusersdoiftheylosetheirsmartphones?A.Stopthelunetingofnietphones.B.Stopapasswant.C.Catallthemoneyoutoftheirphones.D.Canlargepurchases.【答案】BCBA9.（·廣東卷）BCandogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.However,itwasn’tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk‘dog’,anddogscanlearnhowtotalk‘Cat’.What’sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreciouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetherinthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpetstopeoplewhodon’tgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.31.Theunderlinedwordswimminglyinparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.earlyB.sweetlyC.quicklyD.smoothly32.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen_________.A.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.theymisunderstandeachother’ssignalsD.theyareintroducedatanearlyage33.Whatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogs?A.TheyeatandsleeptogetherB.Theyobserveeachother’sbehaviorsC.Theylearntospeakeachother’slanguageD.Theyknowsomethingfromeachother’svoice34.Itissuggestedinparagraph4thatcatsanddogs_______.A.havecommoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC.haveacommonbodylangageD.arelessintelligentthanwasexpected35.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A.WeshouldlearntoliveinharmonyB.WeshouldknowsmoreaboutanimalsC.WeshouldliveinpeacewithanimalsD.Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages【文章大意】本文是一篇說