電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯 課件 12-Insulation and Grounding

電力專業(yè)英語(12)InsulationandGrounding參考教材：朱永強(qiáng).電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.嘗試翻譯1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.生詞n.

電阻系數(shù)，電阻率resistivity

翻譯然而，絕緣部分確實(shí)傳導(dǎo)一些電流，因此必須被認(rèn)為是一種具有很高電阻率的材料。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明句中does表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可譯為“確實(shí)”。and連接的兩個(gè)謂語動詞does和must共屬一個(gè)主語insulation。so在此作為副詞使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.嘗試翻譯2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.生詞v.使臣服；使順從subject翻譯變壓器的絕緣承受很高的靜電應(yīng)力和很大的機(jī)械壓力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明謂語表意動詞subject帶有兩個(gè)并列的介賓短語，也可以看作是兩個(gè)并列動詞短語的省略形式，補(bǔ)全應(yīng)為：Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandissubjectedtolargemechanicalforces.。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.嘗試翻譯3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.生詞n.

電介質(zhì)強(qiáng)度，絕緣強(qiáng)度dielectricstrength

翻譯選擇陶瓷是因?yàn)樗┞对跉庀髼l件中時(shí)的抗老化能力、絕緣強(qiáng)度大以及雨中的清洗保潔能力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明becauseof帶有三個(gè)并列的以its開頭的賓語，在翻譯時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，這三個(gè)its不必都翻譯。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句修飾的主體是itsresistancetodeterioration。另外，按照中文表述習(xí)慣，形如itshighdielectricstrength的短語常常譯為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，即按itsdielectricstrengthishigh來翻譯。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.嘗試翻譯4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.生詞n.

環(huán)境；條件；狀況；境況；dielectricstrength

翻譯雖然在平常情況下絕緣材料很穩(wěn)定，但在極端的電壓應(yīng)力或溫度條件下，或者在某些化學(xué)作用下，其特性會完全改變。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristics部分相當(dāng)于theircharacteristicsmaychangeradically，而且按照后者翻譯，往往更符合中文表示習(xí)慣。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.嘗試翻譯5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.生詞n.

協(xié)調(diào)；配合；協(xié)作；coordination翻譯絕緣配合是電氣設(shè)備絕緣與保護(hù)裝置特性的相互關(guān)系，為的是保護(hù)絕緣免受過度的過電壓。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明thecorrelationof…with…表示“…和…的相互關(guān)系”。suchthat在這里引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示目的從句。詞組beprotectedfrom表示“保護(hù)，使免受”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.嘗試翻譯6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.生詞adj.聯(lián)合的；共同的jointBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem翻譯隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)室技術(shù)的改進(jìn)，因而不同實(shí)驗(yàn)室的結(jié)果近似一致，關(guān)于絕緣配合的Nema-Nela委員會成立并負(fù)責(zé)為所有種類設(shè)備確定絕緣強(qiáng)度，為各種電壓分級確定水平。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明differentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults相當(dāng)于testresultsofdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreement，而且按照后者的語序進(jìn)行翻譯，似乎更符合中文表述習(xí)慣。其中incloseragreementon表示“在…方面近似一致”。bechargedwiththetaskof相當(dāng)于bechargedin，表示“承擔(dān)…任務(wù)，負(fù)責(zé)…”。其中task帶有兩個(gè)修飾短語，分別是動名詞形式establishing…和動詞不定式形式toestablish。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.嘗試翻譯7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.生詞n.推動作用，沖力作用impulse翻譯300kV以上，除了雷電脈沖和1分鐘工頻試驗(yàn)之外，試驗(yàn)還包括開關(guān)脈沖電壓的使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明inadditionto表示“除了……之外”，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語短語，在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)提前。為了便于理解，這個(gè)句子可以拆解為：Above300kV,inadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,testsincludetheuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.嘗試翻譯8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.v.

承受；經(jīng)受??；頂住；withstand翻譯脈沖試驗(yàn)電壓通常被稱為“基本絕緣水平”，定義為給定電壓等級下的任何電氣設(shè)備都必能承受的脈沖電壓，也通常稱為“脈沖耐受水平”。生詞BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明bereferredtoas表示“作為…被提及”，beknownas表示“作為…被知曉”，為了翻譯通順，二者均可譯為“被稱為”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.嘗試翻譯9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.n.

統(tǒng)計(jì)特性；statisticalnature翻譯過電壓（尤其是開關(guān)過電壓）的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性，有必要計(jì)算大量的過電壓，以有一定信心確定系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)計(jì)過電壓。生詞BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明inparticular表示“尤其，特別”，makeitnecessary表示“使…有必要”，為了翻譯通順，可簡譯為“有必要…”。其中it代指necessary后面的內(nèi)容，以同位語的形式出現(xiàn)。withsomedegreeofconfidence表示“帶有某種程度的信心”，是狀語短語，翻譯時(shí)可以從所修飾的動詞后面移走，一般應(yīng)提前。為了便于理解，該句子可以拆解為：Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages(inparticularswitchingovervoltages)makeitnecessary;inordertodeterminethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystemwithsomedegreeofconfidence,itisnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.嘗試翻譯10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.n.

擊穿breakdown生詞normaldistributionGaussiandistributionn.

正態(tài)分布n.

高斯分布BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明短語thatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdown的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)同位語從句，與thedata所指相同。withsomeexceptions是狀語短語，意思是“具有某些例外”，在翻譯時(shí)可以從動詞后移走，一般應(yīng)提前。以asdoes為引導(dǎo)的部分為一個(gè)倒裝句。翻譯外部自恢復(fù)絕緣體的電介質(zhì)強(qiáng)度通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)來確定，電氣擊穿的數(shù)據(jù)按統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律控制，具有隨機(jī)性。此外，還發(fā)現(xiàn)對于給定的氣隙而言，擊穿的分布除了個(gè)別例外近似遵循正態(tài)分布或高斯分布，系統(tǒng)中的過電壓分布也是這樣。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuitorequipmentisconnectedtotheearth,ortosomeconductingbodyofrelativelylargeextentthatservesinplaceoftheearth.嘗試翻譯11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuitorequipmentisconnectedtotheearth,ortosomeconductingbodyofrelativelylargeextentthatservesinplaceoftheearth.生詞n.電路；線路impulse翻譯接地定義為電路或電氣設(shè)備借以連接到大地或適合代替大地的較大導(dǎo)體的故意的或意外的導(dǎo)通連接。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明介詞＋連詞構(gòu)成的引導(dǎo)詞bywhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句和短語whetherintentionaloraccidental修飾的主體都是aconductingconnection。句中tosomeconductingbody與isconnectedtotheearth并列，前面省略了動詞isconnected部分。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerS