機械安全 術語 征求意見稿

13.13.23.3維修性maintainability3.43.53.6注1：“危險”一詞足以限定傷害的來源（例如：機械危險和電氣危險），或潛在傷害的屬性（——在機器的預定使用期間，始終存在的危險（例如：危險運動部件的運動、焊接過程中產生的電弧、不?。?；23.7注：相關危險是GB/T15706-2012第5章3.83.93.103.113.123.133.143.153.163.173.183.19可合理預見的誤用reasonablyfores33.20通過改變機器設計或工作特性，而不是使用防護裝置或保護裝置來消除危險或減小與危險相關的3.21使用安全防護裝置保護人員的措施。這些保護措施使人員遠離那些不能合理消除的危險或者通過3.22保護措施protectivemeasu）；3.233.243.253.26機械致動機構machineactuator3.273.283.29?預防意外啟動的功能（與防護裝置聯(lián)用的聯(lián)鎖裝置等?在設定時通過旁通（抑制）安全裝置對危險機構的手?保持機器在安全運行限制中的速度和溫度控制。43.303.31危險機器功能hazardousma3.323.333.34注：故障通常是產品自身失效后引起的，但也3.353.36——安全功能被要求時（需求模式）無法運行或者造成安全功能失?。ㄟB），3.37CCF3.383.393.40GB/T30174—XXXX5——可發(fā)生在機器正常運行期間（例如由于人員的交互作用或受外界影響3.413.423.433.443.453.463.474.14.264.2.14.2.24.2.34.2.44.2.54.2.64.2.6.14.2.6.24.2.6.3機電防護鎖定裝置electromechanicalguard-lockingdevice4.2.6.4電磁防護鎖定裝置electromagneticguard-loc74.2.6.5直接斷開位置開關directopeni具有一個或多個用于實現安全功能的常閉觸點元件，并通過非彈性部件直接實現觸點分斷的位置注：直接斷開位置開關屬于1型聯(lián)鎖裝置或2型聯(lián)鎖裝置，區(qū)別在于其操動件是否編碼，見GB/T14.2.6.64.2.6.74.2.74.2.84.2.9保持－運行控制裝置hold-to-runcontroldevice4.2.10雙手操縱裝置two-handco至少需要雙手同時操作才能啟動和保持危險機器功能的控制裝置，以此為該裝置的操作人員提供4.2.11敏感保護設備sensitiveprotectiveSPE4.2.11.1壓敏保護裝置pressure-sensitiveprotectivedevice——壓力作用于其部分外表面時能產生信號的傳感器，以及——控制單元，控制單元的響應傳感器的信4.2.11.2電敏保護設備electro-sensitiveprotecGB/T30174—XXXX84.2.11.3有源光電保護裝置activeopto-electronicprotectivedeviceAOPD通過光－電發(fā)射和接收元件完成感應功能的裝置，可探測特定區(qū)域內由于不透光物體出現引起的4.2.124.2.134.2.144.2.155.1sr通過計算得到的防止人或人體部位在機器達到安全狀態(tài)前進入危險區(qū)所必需的安全防護裝置和危5.2從在線檢測發(fā)現危險失效或系統(tǒng)出現明顯故障到系統(tǒng)/部件維修或替換后重啟之間時間間隔的倒數。5.35.4全系統(tǒng)停機性能overallsystemstopT95.5置起，至輸出信號開關裝置變?yōu)閿嚅_狀態(tài)時的位置止。見）；）；5.6在相同條件下，同一目標體測量的工作行程和致動行程之間的差。見5.7工作行程workingtravel置起，至作用于目標體上的力達到規(guī)定限制力時的位置止。見5.85.95.10Ts5.115.12物體在受熱或受冷過程中，由于其熱量傳遞注：熱慣性通常以材料的密度(ρ)、熱導率（K）和比熱容（c）的乘積表示。5.135.14注2：不能將術語“排放值”與“暴露值”混淆。暴露值是指在機器使用中，對人員在排放物中暴露程度的量化。暴露值5.15IA在周圍多個規(guī)定位置獲取的，環(huán)境空氣質量改善后的實際污染物濃度與污染物控制系統(tǒng)不工作時），GB/T30174—XXXX................................................................mimin——規(guī)定位置的數量。IA=1?.....................................................6.1注：機器控制系統(tǒng)可使用任何技術或各種技術的組合（例如：電氣/電子6.2SRP/CS注：執(zhí)行安全功能的控制系統(tǒng)，以安全輸入被觸發(fā)為起始點（例如：位置開關的致動凸輪和6.3使用經過驗證的元件、安全原則，通過冗余和診斷等措施實現急停、聯(lián)6.4子系統(tǒng)按照通過部件結構布置、故障檢測和/或部件可靠性實現的故障抵抗能力以及故障條件6.5診斷覆蓋率diagnosticcoverage6.66.76.8SIL6.96.10聯(lián)鎖裝置啟動停機指令進入危險機器部位所用的時間。此時間可以根據不同情況下的接近速度來6.11平均危險失效間隔時間meantimetodangerousfaMTTFd6.12平均失效間隔時間meantimebetMTBF6.13RDF6.14注：實現診斷的方法包括：真實性檢查、直接/6.156.16可編程電子系統(tǒng)programmabl6.17GB/T30174—XXXX6.186.19LVL能夠通過組合預定義和專用的庫函數來實現安全要求規(guī)范（SRS3.1.6.20FVL6.21安全相關應用軟件safety-relatedapplicationSRASW6.22安全相關嵌入式軟件safety-relSRESW注：嵌入式軟件也稱作固件或系統(tǒng)軟件。見全可變語言（FVL）。6.23高要求或連續(xù)模式highdemand6.24一種運行模式，在該模式下，要求安全控制系統(tǒng)6.25注2：一個子系統(tǒng)可以是一個或若干個SRP/CS的組成部分，例如同一接觸器組合可用于檢測到危險區(qū)內有人時以及6.266.276.286.29經驗證的安全原則well-triedsafetyprinciple已在以往安全控制系統(tǒng)的設計或集成中證明有效的原則，以避免或控制影響安全功能性能的關鍵6.30經驗證的元件well-triedsafetyc6.31采用受控或系統(tǒng)性方式執(zhí)行軟件和/或操作硬件，以證明具備所要求的行為，同時沒有不需要的行6.326.336.34GB/T30174—XXXX6.35每小時平均危險失效頻率averagefrequen6.366.37安全相關無線控制裝置safety-relatedwirelesscontro6.38SRS包含安全控制系統(tǒng)從安全功能特性（功能要求）和所需性能等級（PLr）角度必須滿足的安全功能7.17.27.37.4預警監(jiān)測early-warningmonitor7.5GB/T30174—XXXX7.67.7預警措施early-warningmeasu7.87.9監(jiān)測要素monitoringvariable根據風險預警需要約定監(jiān)視并測量的目標對7.107.117.127.13用于確定危險、危險點或者機器部件的實際位置及其在實現預期風險減小的總響應時間（T）內因7.147.15速度與安全監(jiān)控speedandsaSSM8危險能量控制術語8.1GB/T30174—XXXX8.28.38.48.5按照既定程序在能量隔離裝置上放置鎖具/標牌，以表明在鎖具/標牌按照既定程序移除之注：術語“上鎖/掛牌”可以是單獨使用上鎖裝8.6可牢固固定在能量隔離裝置上的突出的警告裝置，如標牌，以表明在移8.7a)將機器（或機器的制定部件）與所有能源隔）；），注：可以貯存c)中提到的能量的示例包括因慣性而繼續(xù)運轉的機械部件、逆驅動的排風扇、依靠重力運動d)通過安全工作程序（如通過測量）驗證按8.89.1非3.1定義的機械的、與機器相關聯(lián)的全部設備，是使機械衛(wèi)生地加工產品、發(fā)揮功能所不可缺少9.29.39.49.59.6GB/T30174—XXXX9.79.8非吸收式材料non-absorbentmaterials9.99.109.119.129.139.149.159.169.179.189.199.20（相關）微生物micro-organGB/T30174—XXXX[1]GB/T8196—2018[9]GB/T17888—2020[10]GB/T18153—2024機械安全用于確定可接觸熱表面[11]GB/T18569—2020（所有部分）機械安全減小由機械排放的有害物質[12]GB/T18831—2017機械安全[14]GB/T19671—2022[15]GB/T19876—2012機械安全與人體部位接近速度相關的安全防[17]GB/T20850—2014機械安全機械安全標[18]GB/T23819—2023機械安全[19]GB/T23820—2009機械安全偶然與產品接觸的潤滑劑[20]GB/T23821—2022機械安全防止上下肢觸及[21]GB/T25749—2010（所有部分）機械安全空氣傳播的有害[22]GB/T26118—2010（所有部分）機械安全機械排放的輻射所產生風險（相關）微生物...................................................................9.20安全操作規(guī)程.....................................................................3.25安全防護.........................................................................3.21安全防護空間.....................................................................3.23安全防護裝置......................................................................4.1安全功能.........................................................................3.28安全繼電器........................................................................6.3安全間距..........................................................................5.1安全距離..........................................................................5.1安全控制系統(tǒng)......................................................................6.2安全區(qū)...........................................................................7.10安全完整性等級....................................................................6.8安全相關嵌入式軟件...............................................................6.22安全相關無線控制裝置..............................................................6.37安全相關應用軟件.................................................................6.21安全要求規(guī)范.....................................................................6.38安全狀態(tài)............................................................................巴氏殺菌.........................................................................9.17保持-運行控制裝置...............................................................4.2.9保護措施.........................................................................3.22保護裝置........................................................................4.2.5本質安全設計措施.................................................................3.20表面溫度.........................................................................5.10不良輻射排放.....................................................................10.7操作模式.........................................................................6.28操作者...........................................................................3.47產品接觸面........................................................................9.5超行程............................................................................5.6充分的風險減小...................................................................3.17帶防護鎖定的聯(lián)鎖裝置...........................................................4.2.6.1低需求模式.......................................................................6.24電磁防護鎖定裝置..............................................................4.2.6.4電敏保護設備.................................................................4.2.11.2動態(tài)安全距離.....................................................................7.13動態(tài)測試.........................................................................6.31防護屏蔽.........................................................................10.9防護鎖定裝置..................................................................4.2.6.2防護裝置..........................................................................4.2飛濺區(qū)............................................................................9.7非產品接觸面......................................................................9.6非吸收材料........................................................................9.8非正常啟動........................................................................8.8風險.............................................................................3.12風險分析.........................................................................3.14風險估計.........................................................................3.13風險評估.........................................................................3.16風險評價.........................................................................3.15風險預警..........................................................................7.2風險預警系統(tǒng)........................................................................輔助安全功能.....................................................................3.30負載運行.........................................................................10.3高要求或連續(xù)模式.................................................................6.23隔離和能量釋放....................................................................8.7工作行程..........................................................................5.7工作循環(huán).........................................................................10.2功能性輻射排放...................................................................10.6共模失效.........................................................................3.38共因失效.........................................................................3.37固定式防護裝置..................................................................4.2.1故障.............................................................................3.34掛牌裝置..........................................................................8.6關聯(lián)設備..........................................................................9.1光滑.............................................................................9.11活動式防護裝置..................................................................4.2.2機電防護鎖定裝置..............................................................4.2.6.3機器..............................................................................3.1機器控制系統(tǒng)......................................................................6.1機器啟動.........................................................................3.32機械..............................................................................3.1機械約束裝置...................................................................4.2.12機械致動機構.....................................................................3.26急停.............................................................................3.42急停功能.........................................................................3.43急停裝置........................................................................4.2.7集成制造系統(tǒng)......................................................................7.1監(jiān)測要素..........................................................................7.9監(jiān)控.............................................................................6.14交叉監(jiān)控.........................................................................6.15接觸時間.........................................................................5.11接近速度..........................................................................5.3截留鑰匙聯(lián)鎖系統(tǒng)..............................................................4.2.6.6截留鑰匙聯(lián)鎖裝置..............................................................4.2.6.7緊急操作.........................................................................3.41緊急狀態(tài).........................................................................3.40進入頻次..........................................................................6.9進入時間.........................................................................6.10進入危險區(qū)的時間.................................................................6.10經使用證明.......................................................................6.36經驗證的安全原則.................................................................6.29經驗證的元件.....................................................................6.30凈化指數.........................................................................5.15局部排氣通風（LEV）系統(tǒng)..........................................................10.11局部屏蔽........................................................................10.10抗腐蝕材料.......................................................................9.18可編程電子系統(tǒng)...................................................................6.16可調式防護裝置..................................................................4.2.3可合理預見的誤用.................................................................3.19可靠性............................................................................3.2可滅菌...........................................................................9.16空載運行.........................................................................10.5類別..............................................................................6.4聯(lián)鎖............................................................................4.2.6聯(lián)鎖防護裝置....................................................................4.2.4聯(lián)鎖裝置........................................................................4.2.6裂紋.............................................................................9.12每小時平均危險失效頻率............................................................6.35密封.............................................................................9.10滅菌.............................................................................9.15敏感保護設備...................................................................4.2.11默停.............................................................................6.18能量隔離裝置......................................................................8.2能量耗散..........................................................................8.3偶然與產品接觸....................................................................9.4排放值...........................................................................5.14排氣系統(tǒng)........................................................................10.11平均失效間隔時間.................................................................6.12平均危險失效間隔時間..............................................................6.11屏蔽（常規(guī)定義）.................................................................10.8啟動.............................................................................3.32全可變語言.......................................................................6.20全系統(tǒng)停機性能....................................................................5.4確認.............................................................................6.34熱慣性...........................................................................5.12任務.............................................................................3.24潤滑劑............................................................................9.3傷害..............................................................................3.5上鎖掛牌..........................................................................8.5上鎖裝置..........................................................................8.4剩余風險.........................................................................3.18失靈.............................................................................3.39失效.............................................................................3.35實效檢驗.........................................................................9.19使能裝置........................................................................4.2.8使用信息.........................................................................3.46手動復位.........................................................................3.33雙手操縱裝置...................................................................4.2.10速度與安全監(jiān)控...................................................................7.15所需性能等級......................................................................6.7燙傷閾值.........................................................................5.13停止時間..........................................................................5.9通道.............................................................................6.27同步操縱.........................................................................3.45同時操縱.........................................................................3.44危害性物質........................................................................9.2危險..............................................................................3.6危險機器功能.....................................................................3.31危險能量..........................................................................8.1危險區(qū)...........................................................................3.11危險失效.........................................................................3.36危險失效比.......................................................................6.13危險事件..........................................................................3.9危險消除時間......................................................................5.9危險狀態(tài).........................................................................3.10維修率............................................................................5.2維修性............................................................................3.3衛(wèi)生.............................................................................9.13系統(tǒng)性失效.......................................................................6.17限制裝置.......................................................................4.2.13相關危險..........................................................................3.7響應時間..........................................................................5.8消毒.............................................................................9.14性能等級..........................................................................6.6壓敏保護裝置.................................................................4.2.11.1驗證.............................................................................6.33異常行為.........................................................................7.12易用性............................................................................3.4意外啟動..........................................................................8.8有限可變語言.....................................................................6.19有限運動控制裝置...............................................................4.2.14有源光電保護裝置.............................................................4.2.11.3預警措施..........................................................................7.7預警分級..........................................................................7.6預警級別..........................................................................7.5預警監(jiān)測..........................................................................7.4預警區(qū)...........................................................................7.11運行階段.........................................................................10.4運行條件.........................................................................10.1真實性檢查.......................................................................6.32診斷覆蓋率........................................................................6.5直接斷開位置開關..............................................................4.2.6.5制動能力.........................................................................7.14致動力...........................................................................3.27致動行程..........................................................................5.5重大危險..........................................................................3.8主要安全功能.....................................................................3.29子系統(tǒng)...........................................................................6.25子系統(tǒng)組件.......................................................................6.26自排放............................................................................9.9阻擋裝置.......................................................................4.2.15Aabnormalbehavior 7.12accesstime 6.10activeopto-electronicprotectivedevice 4.2.11.3actuatingforce 3.27actuatingtravel adequateriskreduction 3.17adjustableguard……………………4.2.3approachspeed……………………5.3associatedequipment……………………9.1averagefrequencyofadangerousfailureperhour 6.35Bback-upsafetyfunctions 3.30brakingcapability 7.14burnthreshold 5.13Ccategory 6.4channel 6.27commoncausefailure 3.37commonmodefailure 3.38contactperiod 5.11 9.18crevice crossmonitoring 6.15Ddangerzone 3.11decontaminationindex 5.15diagnosticcoverage 6.5directopeningpositionswitch 4.2.6.5disinfection 9.14dynamicsafetydistance 7.13dynamictest……………………6.31Eearly-warningmeasures 7.7early-warningmonitoring 7.4early-warningsystematics 7.6early-warningzone……………………7.11electromagneticguard-lockingdevice……………………4.2.6.4electromechanicalguard-lockingdevice………………4.2.6.3electro-sensitiveprotectiveequipment……………………4.2.11.2emergencyoperation……………………3.41emergencysituation 3.40emergencystop 3.42emergencystopdevice 4.2.7 3.43emissionvalue 5.14enablingdevice 4.2.8energydissipation 8.3energyisolatingdevice 8.2exhaustsystem Ffailure failuretodanger 3.36fault fixedguard 4.2.1frequencyofaccess 6.9fullvariabilitylanguage 6.20functionalradiationem 10.6Gguard 4.2guard-lockingdevice 4.2.6.2Hharm hazard hazardstatus 7.9hazardzone hazardousenergy 8.1hazardousevent hazardousmachinefunction 3.31hazardoussituation 3.10hazardoussubstance 9.2highdemandorcontinuousmode 6.23hold-to-runcontroldevice 4.2.9hygiene Iimpedeingdevice 4.2.15incidentalproductcontact 9.4informationforuse 3.46 3.20 7.1interlock interlockingdevice 4.2.6interlockingdeviceswithguard-locking 4.2.6.1interlockingguard 4.2.4isolationandenergydissipation 8.7Llevelofearly-warning……………………7.5limiteddevice……………………4.2.13limitedmovementcontroldevice………………………4.2.14limitedvariabilitylanguage………………6.19localexhaustventilation(LEV)system 10.11lockoutdevice Lockout/Tagout 8.5lowdemandmode 6.24lubricant 9.3Mmachine machineactuator 3.26machinecontrolsystem 6.1machinestart-up 3.32machinery maintainability