任務(wù)精讀：錨桿支護(hù)（雙語）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)錨桿支護(hù)TunnelConstructionTechnologyAnchorRodSupport錨桿的支護(hù)效應(yīng)1錨桿的布置2錨桿支護(hù)目錄課程小結(jié)4錨桿的施工2TableofContentsAnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRodsArrangementofAnchorRodsConstructionofAnchorRodsSummary錨桿的支護(hù)效應(yīng)01SupportEffectofAnchorRods

錨桿是用金屬或其它高抗拉性能的材料制作的一種桿狀構(gòu)件。是隧道施工過程中維護(hù)圍巖穩(wěn)定，保證施工安全的重要手段之一。那隧道錨桿是怎樣作用于圍巖，維護(hù)圍巖穩(wěn)定的呢？錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的支護(hù)效應(yīng)AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods

Ananchorrodisarod-shapedmembermadeofmetalorothermaterialswithhightensileproperties.Itisoneoftheimportantmeanstomaintainsurroundingrockstabilityandensureconstructionsafetyduringtunnelconstruction.錨桿的組成Compositionofanchorrod砂漿Mortar桿體Rodbody墊板Baseplate螺母NutHowdoesthetunnelanchorrodactonsurroundingrockstomaintaintheirstability?

錨桿能限制約束圍巖變形，并向圍巖施加壓力，從而使處于二軸應(yīng)力狀態(tài)的洞室內(nèi)表面附近的圍巖保持三軸應(yīng)力狀態(tài)，制止圍巖強(qiáng)度的惡化，起到支承圍巖的作用效果。錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的支護(hù)效應(yīng)AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods錨桿的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods支承圍巖

Supportingsurroundingrocks內(nèi)壓力P1噴射混凝土軸力NAxialforce(N)ShotcreteInternalpressure(P1)

Theanchorrodcanconstrainthedeformationofthesurroundingrocksandexertpressureonsurroundingrocks,tomaintainsurroundingrocksnearthechambersurface(inbiaxialstressstate)intriaxialstressstate,preventingsurroundingrockstrengthfromdeteriorating,whichsupportssurroundingrocks.錨桿對加固節(jié)理發(fā)育的巖體和圍巖松動區(qū)是十分有效的，有助于裂隙巖體和松動區(qū)形成整體，成為“加固帶”有著加固圍巖的作用效果。錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的支護(hù)效應(yīng)AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods錨桿的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods加固圍巖Reinforcingsurroundingrocks

Theanchorrodisveryeffectiveforreinforcingtherockmasswithdevelopedjointsandthelooseareasofsurroundingrocks,helpingfracturedrockmassandlooseareastoformawholeandbecominga"reinforcementbelt"thatcanreinforcesurroundingrocks.加固帶tlReinforcementbeltPPσσ

對于水平或緩傾斜的層狀圍巖，用錨桿群能把數(shù)層巖層連在一起，增大層間摩阻力，層結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)觀點(diǎn)來看就是形成“組合梁”，能提高層間摩阻力，形成“組合梁”作用效果。錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的支護(hù)效應(yīng)AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods錨桿的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods提高層間摩阻力，形成“組合梁”

Improvetheinterlayerfrictionalresistancetoforma"compositebeam"

Forhorizontalorgentlyinclinedlayeredsurroundingrocks,theanchorrodgroupcanconnectseverallayersofstratatogetherandincreaseinterlayerfrictionalresistance.Fromtheperspectiveofstructuralmechanics,a"compositebeam"isformed.Itcanimprovetheinterlayerfrictionalresistancetoforma"compositebeam"錨桿可以防止個別危巖的掉落或滑落，用錨桿將其穩(wěn)定圍巖聯(lián)結(jié)起來，這種作用主要表現(xiàn)在加固局部失穩(wěn)的巖體，形成“懸吊”作用效果。錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的支護(hù)效應(yīng)AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods錨桿的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods“懸吊”作用Suspensioneffect

Anchorrodscanpreventindividualunstablerocksfromfallingorslidingandconnectthestablesurroundingrockswithanchorrods.Theeffectmainlyresultsfromthereinforcementoflocallyunstablerockmass.在隧道施工當(dāng)中，我們又該如何來布置錨桿呢?

Howshouldwearrangetheanchorrodduringtunnelconstruction?Teachingtunnel錨桿的布置02ArrangementofAnchorRods

主要用在裂隙圍巖，重點(diǎn)加固不穩(wěn)定塊體，拱頂受拉破壞區(qū)為重點(diǎn)加固區(qū)域,可以節(jié)約材料，達(dá)到穩(wěn)定圍巖的目的。錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods局部布置Localarrangement

Theyaremainlyusedinfracturedsurroundingrocks,focusingonunstableblockreinforcement.Thetensilefailureareaofthecrownisthekeyreinforcementarea,whichcansavematerialsandstabilizesurroundingrocks.錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods系統(tǒng)布置Systemarrangement

在破碎的軟弱圍巖中，需采取系統(tǒng)布置，對圍巖起整體的加固作用。

Inthebrokenweaksurroundingrocks,weneedtoarrangeanchorrodssystematicallytoprovideoverallreinforcement.錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods系統(tǒng)布置Systemarrangement

錨桿宜垂直周邊輪廓布置，但是對于傾斜成層的巖層，其失穩(wěn)原因主要是層面滑動，錨桿與層面成斜交布置。

Anchorrodsshouldbearrangedperpendiculartoperipheralcontour.However,forstratawithinclinedlayers,astheinstabilityismainlycausedbytheslidealongthebeddingplane,anchorrodsshouldbeobliquetothebeddingplane.垂直周邊輪廓布置Arrangementperpendiculartoperipheralcontour錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods根據(jù)我國《鐵路隧道噴錨構(gòu)筑法技術(shù)規(guī)范》規(guī)定：AccordingtotheprovisionsofCodeforShotcrete-boltConstructionMethodofRailwayTunnelinChina:新奧法對錨桿排距的設(shè)計：巖質(zhì)條件好，錨桿長度1~1.2m巖質(zhì)條件稍差，錨桿長度2~3m巖體破碎，錨桿長度4~6m膨脹性地層，錨桿長度4~6m新奧法對錨桿長度的設(shè)計：巖質(zhì)條件好，錨桿間距1.5m巖質(zhì)條件稍差，錨桿間距1~1.5m巖體破碎，錨桿間距0.8~1m膨脹性地層，錨桿間距0.8~1mDesignofthelengthofanchorrodsbyNATM:Forgoodrocks,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally1~1.2mForslightlypoorrocks,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally2~3mForbrokenrocks,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally4~6mForexpansivestrata,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally4~6m錨桿的長度與間排距LengthandrowspacingofanchorrodsDesignoftherowspacingofanchorrodsbyNATM:Forgoodrocks,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsisgenerally1.5mForslightlypoorrocks,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsisgenerally1~1.5mForbrokenrocks,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsis0.8~1mForexpansivestrata,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsis0.8~1m錨桿的施工03ConstructionofAnchorRods錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的施工AnchorRodSupportConstructionofAnchorRods錨桿桿體宜用HRB335、HRB400級帶肋鋼筋，桿徑直徑不宜小于22mm。選用強(qiáng)度等級不低于32.5的普通硅酸鹽水泥。宜用中細(xì)砂，粒徑不應(yīng)大于2.5mm。速凝劑使用前應(yīng)作速凝效果試驗(yàn)，一般要求初凝不大于5min。水泥砂漿強(qiáng)度等級不應(yīng)低于M20。砂子鋼筋Reinforcement速凝劑Accelerator砂漿配合比MortarmixratioSand水泥CementTheanchorrodbodyshouldbemadeofHRB335andHRB400ribbedreinforcements,witharoddiameterofnotlessthan22mm.Forcement,ordinaryPortlandcementwithacementstrengthgradeofnotlessthanGrade32.5shallbeadopted.Forsand,medium-finesandwithaparticlesizenotgreaterthan2.5mmshouldbeadopted.Theacceleratorshallbesubjecttorapidhardeningeffecttestbeforeuse.Generally,theinitialsettingdurationshallnotbemorethan5min.ThestrengthgradeofcementmortarshallnotbelowerthanM20.材料及配合比MaterialsandtheMixRatio錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的施工AnchorRodSupportConstructionofAnchorRods

按錨桿支護(hù)的設(shè)計要求來確定鉆桿孔位、間距、與巖面交角、孔深及孔徑等，用鑿巖機(jī)進(jìn)行鉆孔。錨桿與巖面、層面或裂隙面的交角，一般以90°為宜。孔徑應(yīng)大于錨桿直徑15～20mm，以保證錨桿與孔壁之間充填一定數(shù)量的砂漿。注漿時將注漿管插入到距孔底50～100mm，在注漿的同時，將注漿管徐徐向外拔出，待注漿管口距鉆孔口20～30cm時，停止注漿，然后將錨桿插入至孔底部將砂漿擠滿鉆孔。鉆孔DrillingTheholeposition,spacing,intersectionanglewithrocksurface,holedepthandholediameterofdrillrodshallbedeterminedaspertheanchorrodsupportdesign.Drillingshallbecarriedoutwithrockdrill.Generallyspeaking,theintersectionanglebetweentheanchorrodandtherocksurface,beddingplaneorfissuresurfaceshouldbe90°.Theholediametershallbe15~20mmgreaterthanthediameteroftheanchorrodtoensurethatacertainquantityofmortarisfilledbetweentheanchorrodandtheholewall.注漿及安裝錨桿Groutingandanchorrodinstallation

Beforegrouting,thegroutingpipeshallbeinsertedto50~100mmfromtheholebottom.Duringgrouting,thegroutingpipeshallbeslowlypulledout.Whenthegroutingpipeorificeis20~30cmfromtheholemouth,groutingshallbestopped.Afterthat,theanchorrodshallbeinsertedtotheholebottomtofilltheholewithmortar.錨桿支護(hù)錨桿的施工AnchorRodSupportConstructionofAnchorRods安裝墊板Installationofbaseplate錨桿必須安裝墊板，墊板與混凝土面密貼。墊板一般用6~10mm的鋼板制成，規(guī)格150mmx150mm或200mmx200mm。

Anchorrodsmustbeinstalledwithabaseplatethatshallbecloselyattachedtotheconcretesurface.Thebaseplateisgenerallymadeof6~10mmsteelplate,withaspecificationof150mmx150mmor200mmx200mm.錨桿的質(zhì)量檢查Qualityinspectiononanchorrod