2025屆高考英語精準沖刺復習-閱讀理解高頻難詞

2025屆高考英語精準沖刺復習

閱讀理解高頻難詞題型分析01高考閱讀理解?？碱}型閱讀理解主要考查學生對語篇的主旨要義、特定細節(jié)、深層含義以及篇章結構等的把握。從題型上可大致分為以下幾種：1.主旨大意題，包括主旨大意題和文章標題題；2.細節(jié)理解題，包括對文章特定信息的認定以及長難句的理解；3.詞義猜測題，包括對未學過單詞詞義的推測和熟詞新義的推斷，也包括某一代詞所指代內容的推測；4.推理判斷題，包括對文章的深層理解、作者的態(tài)度、人物的情感、事件的啟示等。主旨大意題主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解?？嫉念}型之一，通常涉及概括文章或段落大意、揭示主題、選擇標題等形式。要想做好此類考題，考生要具備分辨主題與細節(jié)的能力，在閱讀全文或某個段落之后，能夠運用概括、歸納、推理等方法對所讀材料進行高度概括和總結，能夠抓住文章或段落的主旨大意。主旨大意題著重考查考生歸納總結和概括信息的能力。此類型考題屬于能力型題目，是高難度題型，其命題方式包括選擇文章最佳標題和概括全文或某一段落中心思想等?！緜淇疾呗浴恐黝}思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章主題思想，是考生閱讀能力的主要體現。考生在做此類考題時，要快速瀏覽全文，劃分文章結構；簡要概括文章的中心思想；找出每個段落的主題句。結合文章的主題段落和結論段落找出關鍵詞后，與四個選項進行比對，選擇出能概括全文中心內容的選項。避免以偏概全、偷換概念等誤區(qū)，在做出最后選擇前，可以先排除干擾選項，縮小選擇范圍，有助于提高準確率。細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題是高考英語閱讀理解最重要的一類題型，旨在考查考生對事實細節(jié)的判斷。設題一般針對文章某一個或若干個特定細節(jié)，分為直接理解題目和間接信息題：直接理解題，比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述重要事實和細節(jié)，就可以直接從文章中找到答案；間接信息題，需要對文章中的相關句子或詞語做出解釋、轉換詞義，或是需要對相關的上下文提供的語境和信息、甚至對全文的內容做準確、全面的理解和判斷?！緜淇疾呗浴空莆沾祟惪碱}的設問特點，對于正確解題有一定幫助。直接信息題，考生可以從題干中找到關鍵詞，然后以此為線索，在文章中快速尋找到與之相關的信息，仔細比較所給選項與文中細節(jié)的細微區(qū)別，在正確理解細節(jié)之后，做出準確判斷；間接信息題的答案，往往不是文章細節(jié)在選項中的簡單重現，而是需要考生對原文信息進行加工處理，然后再做進一步推理，進行合理化推斷或轉換，然后才能得到準確答案。有時文章中出現的詞語或句型，在選項中常常用其他不同的方式來表達，這就需要考生能找到與文章中信息匹配的選項。awardvt.授予,判給n.獎品,獎金awarea.意識到columnn.柱,圓柱；欄,專欄comedyn.喜劇dumba.啞的；沉默的dumpvt.傾卸,傾倒deafa.聾的；不愿聽的decoratevt.裝飾,裝璜principala.最重要的n.負責人,校長principlen.原則,原理

priora.優(yōu)先的,在前的priorityn.優(yōu)先,重點prohibitvt.禁止,不準remarkablea.值得注意的,異常的,非凡的remedyn./vt.補救,醫(yī)治,治療repetitionn.重復,反復vaina.徒勞的,無效的undertakevt.承擔,著手做；同意,答應uniquea.唯一的,獨特的obstaclen.障礙（物）,妨礙odda.奇特的,古怪的；奇數的omitvt.省略opponentn.敵手,對手opportunityn.機會,時機orchestran.管弦樂隊semestern.學期；半年semiconductorn.半導體seminarn.研討會terminala.末端的,極限的n.終點territoryn.領土approximatea.大概的,大約v.近似arbitrarya.隨意的,未斷的architectn.建筑師architecturen.建筑學biologyn.生物學geographyn.地理（學）geologyn.地質學geometryn.幾何（學）arithmeticn.算術algebran.代數entertainmentn.娛樂；招待,款待enthusiasmn.熱情,熱心entryn.進入,入口處；參賽的人（或物）environmentn.環(huán)境episoden.插曲,片段equationn.方程（式）restrainvt.阻止,抑制restraintn.抑制,限制resumev.（中斷后）重新開始severea.嚴重的sexuala.性的simplicityn.簡單；樸素simplifyvt.簡化sorrown.悲哀,悲痛

stuffn.原料,材料vt.填進,塞滿temporarya.暫時的,臨時的temptationn.誘惑,引誘

terrorn.恐怖thrustv.擠,推,插treatyn.條約,協定arisevi.產生,出現,發(fā)生；起身arousevt.引起,激起；喚醒burdenn.重擔,負荷bureaun.局,辦事處marvelousa.奇跡般的,驚人的massivea.大的,大量的,大塊的maturea.成熟的maximuma.最高的,最大的minimuma.最低的,最小的

nonsensen.胡說,冒失的行動nucleara.核子的,核能的nucleusn.核retailn./v./ad.零售retainvt.保留,保持restrictvt.限制,約束sponsorn.發(fā)起者,主辦者vt.發(fā)起,主辦,資助spurn./vt.刺激,激勵triumphn.勝利,成功tuitionn.學費twistvt.使纏繞；轉動；扭歪undergraduaten.大學肄業(yè)生universala.普遍的,通用的；宇宙的

universen.宇宙viaprep.經由,經過,通過vibratev.振動,搖擺virusn.病毒

voluntarya.自愿的volunteern.志愿者v.自愿（做）votev.選舉n.選票wagonn.四輪馬車,鐵路貨車appointvt.任命,委派approachv.靠近,接近n.途徑,方式appropriatea.適當的bunchn.群,伙；束,串bundlen.捆,包,束vt.收集,歸攏ceremonyn.典禮,儀式chaosn.混亂,紊亂discountn.（價格）折扣displayn./vt.陳列,展覽equivalenta.相等的a.相等物erecta.豎直的v.建造,豎立faxn./vt.傳真fertilea.肥沃的；多產的fertilizern.肥料gratefula.感激的gratituden.感激horrorn.恐怖

horriblea.可怕的Internetn.國際互聯網,因特網interpretv.翻譯,解釋interpretationn.解釋,說明junglen.叢林,密林knotn.結vt.把...打成結leakv.漏,滲出leanvi.傾斜,倚,靠leapvi.跳躍

modifyvt.修改nylonn.尼龍junglen.叢林,密林powdern.粉末applicablea.可應用的,適當的applicantn.申請人

breadthn.寬度conservationn.保存,保護conservativea.保守的paralleln.平行線；可相比擬的事物passionn.,熱情passivea.被動的,消極的patv./n.輕拍,輕打peakn.山峰,頂點phenomenonn.現象reluctanta.不情愿的,勉強的relyvi.(on,upon)依賴,指望relevanta.有關的,切題的reliablea.可靠的reliefn.輕松,寬慰；減輕reputationn.名氣,聲譽rescuevt./n.營救trianglen.三角（形）sequencen.連續(xù)；順序shallowa.淺的shivervi/n.發(fā)抖

shrugv./n.聳肩signaturen.簽名sincerea.誠摯的,真誠的utilityn.功用,效用utilizevt.利用

uttervt.說出a.完全的,徹底的variationn.變化,變動vehiclen.交通工具,車輛applausen.鼓掌,掌聲appliancen.器具,器械consentn.準許,同意vi(to)準許,同意conquervt.征服defectn.缺點,缺陷

delicatea.易碎的；嬌弱的；精美的evolvev.演變evolutionn.演變,進化frownv./n.皺眉frustratevt.使沮喪

guaranteevt./n.保證guiltya.內疚的；有罪的jealousa.妒忌的jeansn.牛仔褲liquorn.酒,烈性酒liter/litren.升modesta.謙虛道m(xù)oleculen.分子orbitn.軌道v.（繞...）作軌道運行participatev.(in)參與,參加模擬練習02DaveMerryandhistoolshavebeenthroughalottogether.ThetoolshelpedDave,now80,repairhishomeinSt.Paul,Minnesota,whereheandhiswife,AnnetteMerry,livedfor46yearsandraisedthreechildren.Thetablesaw,thejointerplane,thedrillpress,andthedozensofotherpowerandhandtoolshadprideofplaceinhiscarefullyorganizedworkshop.“Ihadawholesetup,anditwasbeautiful,”saysDave,aretiredengineer.ButthenAnnetteexperiencedastroke(中風)thatleftherrelyingonawalkertogetaround,andtheMerrysdecidedtomoveintoassistedliving.Dave’sworkshopwasobviouslyaminorconsiderationgivenAnnette’scondition,butthefamilyknewthatgivingitup,ontopofeverythingelse,wouldhurt.ItwastheMerrys’daughterwhocameupwithapossiblesolution.She’dheardaboutsomepeoplewhoweresettingupatoollibrary—anonprofitfacilitythatwouldlendouttoolsjustasaregularlibrarylendsbooks.MightDadbeinterestedindonatinghis?“Isaidyes,”Davesays.ThepeoplecreatingtheSt.PaulToolLibrarywerethrilled.Theyhadexpecteditwouldtakeayeartocollectenoughtoolstomaketheirfacilityfullyfunctional.Insteadittookoneday:thedayDavedonatedhis.Thelibrary’sfoundersdroveovertotheMerrys’houseandpickedeverythingupthemselves.ThelibraryishousedinthebasementoftheAmericanCanFactory.Memberspayanannualfee(from$20to$120)forunlimitedtooluseandavaryingnumberofvisitstotheworkshop.Andtheygetanextrabenefit:DaveMerry.“Almosteverytimewe’reopen,Dave’shere,”saysoneofthefounders,PeterHoh.“Itmeansalottometobeabletogoandusemytools,”Davesays.“ButitmeansjustasmuchtohelpDIYersusethetoolsproperly.”AsHohputsit,“Thisishisworkshopnow.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutDaveMerry?A.HehadfewDIYtools.B.Hekepthistoolswell.C.Heownedatoollibrary.D.Heusedawalkingstickafterstroke.5.Howdidthedaughterhelpherparents?A.ShetookoverDad’sworkshop.B.SheofferedDadusefulinformation.C.Shemovedthemintoassistedliving.D.ShesoldDad’stoolstoatoollibrary.6.WhatisavailabletothevisitorstotheSt.PaulToolLibrary?A.Freeuseofthetools.B.AvisittotheMerrys’house.C.Dave’sinstructionsforusingthetools.D.Hoh’sshareoftheprofitfromthelibrary.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArtofLiving B.SettingupaLibraryC.AFamily-runLibrary D.RecyclingThroughDonating【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章記述DaveMerry年邁之時無償捐助承載其諸多生活經歷的DIY工具，使其循環(huán)使用讓更多人受益的溫馨故事。4.B細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段Thetablesaw,thejointerplane,thedrillpress,andthedozensofotherpowerandhandtoolshadprideofplaceinhiscarefullyorganizedworkshop.臺鋸、木工刨床、鉆床，以及其他幾十種動力和手工工具，在他精心組織的車間里都占有重要地位。可知，他把工具保存得很好。故選B。5.B細節(jié)理解題。從第三段ItwastheMerrys’daughterwhocameupwithapossiblesolution.She’dheardaboutsomepeoplewhoweresettingupatoollibrary—anonprofitfacilitythatwouldlendouttoolsjustasaregularlibrarylendsbooks.可知，是梅里家的女兒想出了一個可能的解決辦法。她聽說有些人正在建立一個工具庫——一個像普通圖書館出借圖書一樣出借工具的非盈利機構。從而可知，女兒給爸爸提供了有用的信息。故選B。6.C細節(jié)理解題。根據文章倒數第二段“Almosteverytimewe’reopen,Dave’shere,”saysoneofthefounders,PeterHoh.“Itmeansalottometobeabletogoandusemytools,”Davesays.“ButitmeansjustasmuchtohelpDIYersusethetoolsproperly.”可知，營業(yè)的時候，戴夫都在這里幫助DIY者如何正確使用工具。故選C。7.D主旨大意題。根據全文內容可知，文章記述DaveMerry年邁之時無償捐助承載其諸多生活經歷的DIY工具，使其循環(huán)使用讓更多人受益的溫馨故事。故選D。Iwaitedhalfanhour,settheboard,andsatinthestudio,reviewingmyquestionsuntilthetelephonelinesflashed.“Hello?”“ThisisConnieChung.I’msosorryI’mlate.”ConnieChungwasoneoftheonlyfourwomenanchors（主播）tomakeitintotheclubofmajoreveningnetworktelevisionnews.Foralmostanhourwetalkedabouttheindustry.WhenIaskedifsheeverhadaninstructorthroughouthertrials,sheturnedaroundandofferedtoinstructme.WhenIaskedwhyshedecidedtodoit,shesimplyreplied,“Becauseyou’regood.”ThatafternoonIrushedhomeandtoldmymotherwhathadhappened.Withoutlookingup,shejustsaid“Goodforyou.”Hearingthis,Ifeltasenseofloss.Herconsistentresponsealwaysmademefeelunder-appreciated.UntilthenIhadbeensearchingforsomethingthatIwouldneverget—thatsenseofloveandacceptanceinahousefullofnegativity（消極）IknewIneededtogetridofallthenegativityinmylifefirst,soIpackedmybagsandwalkedoutofthehouse,thinkingariskwouldallowmetoopenmyselftotheworldagainandreceiveallthepositiveenergythatIneeded.Thenradiobecamemywayofconnectingwithothers.Myabilitytobookhigh-levelguestsandcelebrities（名人）wasgraduallyrecognizedandeventuallyallthewordsofencouragementfrompastguestsandcolleagueshelpedmetore-buildmyconfidencelevels.“Icandothis,”Ikepttellingmyself,andpushedevenhardertofindmynextaim.Peoplehadfaithinme,soIdevelopedfaithinmyself.Theirpositiveattitudestowardsthemselvesandtowardsmehelpedmedevelopmyownpositiveattitude,leadingtoproductiveinteractionswithcelebritiesandaddingtomylistofinstructors.ImaynothavestartedlifesurroundedbypositivitybutIsurelyfeelthatIamsurroundedbyitnow.It’samazinghowpositivitybuildsonitself.4.Whatwastheauthorprobablydoingatthebeginningofthetext?A.Hewaspreparingforashow. B.Hewaslookingforaninstructor.C.Hewaswaitingtobeinterviewed. D.Hewasbroadcastingnewsinthestudio.5.Howdidtheauthor’s