寧夏回族自治區(qū)銀川中學(xué)2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期第一次月考試題含解析

PAGE26-寧夏回族自治區(qū)銀川中學(xué)2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期第一次月考試題（含解析）留意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題的答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷及草稿紙上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分:聽力理解(共兩節(jié)。滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.＄19.15.B.＄9.18C.＄9.15答案是C.1.Whichgroupwillthemanbeworkingwith?A.GroupC.B.GroupB.C.GroupA.2.Wherewillthemanprobablygetchange?A.Fromthewoman.B.Fromajewelrystore.C.Fromachangemachine.3.Whyarethetwospeakersupset?A.Thedogbarkstooloudly.B.ThedogdestroystheirgardensC.Thedogleavesitswasteseverywhere.4.Whatisthemandissatisfiedwithaboutthejob?A.Thesalary.B.Theworkinghours.C.Theamountofpaidleave.5.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Attendthemeeting.B.Buyadrinksomewhereelse.C.Waitforthebartoopen.其次節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。請聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WherewillCindygotostudy?A.England.B.Canada.C.America.7.WhatmajordoesCindywanttochoose?A.Accounting.B.Engineering.C.Mathematics.請聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whenwillthemancometotherestaurant?A.Atabout9:00.B.Atabout9:30.C.Atabout10:00.9.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Ninestudentswillcomeforthemeal.B.Therestaurant'sbigtableshavebeenreserved.C.Themanhasbookedthreetablesnexttothewindow.請聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.HowdoesTheOldGuitaristmostprobablymakepeoplefeel?A.Cheerful.B.Puzzled.C.Depressed.11.WhatdoMotherandChildandThePeasantshaveincommon?A.BothwerecreatedforPablo'sfriend.B.Bothbelongtothesameperiod.C.Bothhavecoldercolors.12.WhatdoesthecreationofThreeMusiciansshow?A.Pablolikedtryingnewthings.B.Pablolovedlisteningtomusic.C.Pablolovedtolearnfromothers.請聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Howmanycomplaintsdidthecompanyreceivetwoyearsago?A.7,300.B.4,990.C.1,80914.Whatdocustomerscomplainaboutmostoften?A.Photographicequipment.B.Electricalappliances.C.Clothing.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthecomplaintsabouttravelagencies?A.Fewofthemareforpooraccommodation.B.Mostofthemarefordelayedairtickets.C.About90percentofthemarereasonable.16.Howquicklydoesthemanthinkhecancompletetheinvestigationofacomplaint?A.Twoweeks.B.Threeweeks.C.Fourweeks.請聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhathappenedafterpowerfulstormsblewthroughMassachusetts?A.Atleast20peoplewereinjured.B.Thousandsofpeoplelostpower.C.Twopeoplelosttheirlives.18.WhichofthefollowingstateshadrainstormsonSunday?A.VirginiaandKentucky.B.MassachusettsandVirginia.C.KentuckyandMichigan.19.WhenwasthetownofWolcotthitbyasmalltornado?A.OnSunday.B.OnThursday.C.OnMonday.20.Whatwillthespeakertalkaboutnext?A.Thecausesofatornado.B.Waystosurviveatornado.C.Theweatherinthefollowingdays.其次部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ACROSSITOFFYOURBUCKETLIST!AnytimeistherighttimetovisitGrandCentralTerminal!LocatedattheintersectionofParkAvenueand42ndStreet,theterminaliseasilyaccessibleonfoot,bysubway,bybusandbyMetro-Northtrain.Pleasenotethattheterminaldoesnotofferluggagestorage.Pleaseplanahead.Planyourvisit&thingstodo·Takeatour!Youcanseethemostfamousterminal.·Headupstairsifyou'relookingfordinnerunderthestarsatCiprianiDolciorMichaelJordan'sTheSteakHouseN.Y.C.oracocktailatTheCampbell.·Headdownstairsifyou'relookingforaquickbiteintheDiningConcourse.ShakeShackburgeroramemorablemealatthehistoricOysterBar&Restaurant,anyone?·HeadtoGrandCentralMarketifyou'relookingforauniqueshoppingexperience.Enjoyagreatmealatlocalvendors(攤販)likeMurray'sCheese,EliZabar'sFarmtoTableandPescatoreSeafoodCompany.Accessibility:Theterminalisaccessibletovisitorswithdisabilities,butdoesnotprovidewheelchairrentals.Audio(聲音的)toursOrpheo'sstate-of-the-artaudiodevice(設(shè)備)andheadsetcomeswithamapoftheterminalforjust$9peradultand$7discounted(seniors,military,students,kids).Theaudiotourisalsoavailablesevendaysaweek(closedonlyonThanksgivingDayandChristmasDay)atthetoursofficeintheGraybarPassage.Hoursare9amto6pm,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.Theself-guidedtourcanlastasshortas30minutestojustoveranhour.Docent-led(有講解員帶領(lǐng)的)toursThetourlasts75minutes.Thecostis$30foradultsor$20forseniors(65+),studentsandkids.Hoursare9amto6pm,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.Spaceislimited.1.WherecantouristsgowhenvisitingGrandCentralMarket?A.TheCampbell. B.CiprianiDolci.C.EliZabar'sFarmtoTable. D.ThehistoricOysterBar&Restaurant2.Whatcanbeofferedbytheterminal?A.Luggagestorage. B.Freeaudiodevices.C.Wheelchairrentals. D.Traveldiscountforstudents3.Whatdoaudiotoursanddocent-ledtourshaveincommon?A.Eachoftheirtoursisself-guided.B.Eachoftheirtourslastslessthananhour.C.Theyarenormallyavailablefor9hourseachday.D.Theycanbebookedinadvanceduringtheholidays.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國紐約中心火車站旁邊的巡游信息。1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Planyourvisit&thingstodo部分中的HeadtoGrandCentralMarketifyou’relookingforauniqueshoppingexperience.Enjoyagreatmealatlocalvendors(攤販)likeMurray’sCheese,EliZabar’sFarmtoTableandPescatoreSeafoodCompany.可知參觀中心市場時可以去EliZabar’sFarm，所以選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Audio(聲音的)tours部分中的Orpheo’sstate-of-the-artaudiodevice(設(shè)備)andheadsetcomeswithamapoftheterminalforjust$9peradultand$7discounted(seniors,military,students,kids).以及Docent-led(有講解員帶領(lǐng)的)tours部分中的Thecostis$30foradultsor$20forseniors(65+),studentsandkids.可知，這兩種旅游方式都會給老年人、學(xué)生、孩子折扣實(shí)惠。同時依據(jù)文中的theterminaldoesnotofferluggagestorage以及Theterminal...butdoesnotprovidewheelchairrentals.可知，選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Audio(聲音的)tours和Docent-led(有講解員帶領(lǐng)的)tours部分中的Hoursare9amto6pm,butmaybeextendedduringtheholidays.可知，這兩種旅游方式一般都是從早上9點(diǎn)起先到下午6點(diǎn)結(jié)束，故選C項(xiàng)。BI'vecomebacktocheckonababy.JustafterduskI'minacardownamuddyroadintherain,pastrowsofshackled(戴鐐的)elephants,theirtrunksswinging.Iwasherefivehoursbefore,whenthesunwashighandhotandtouristswereonelephants'backs.Walkingnow,Icanbarelyseethepathintheglowofmyphone'sflashlight.Whenthewoodenfencepoststopsmeshort,Ipointmylightdownandfollowacurrentofrainwateracrosstheconcreteflooruntilitwashesupagainstthreelarge,grayfeet.Afourthfoottwistedabovethesurface,tiedtightlybyashortchainandchokedbyringofmetalspikes(尖刺).Whentheelephanttiresandputsherfootdown,thespikespressdeeperintoherankle.Meenaisfouryearsandtwomonthsold,stillachildaselephantsgo.KhammonKongkhaw,hercaretaker,toldmeearlierthatMeenawearsthespikedchainbecauseshetendstokick.KongkhawhasbeenresponsibleforMeenahereatMactamanElephantAdventure,nearChiangMai,innorthernThailand,sinceshewas11monthsold.Hesaidhekeepsheronthespikedchainonlyduringthedayandtakesitoffatnight.Butit'snightnow.IaskJinLaoshen,theMactamanworkeraccompanyingmeonthisnighttimevisit,whyherchainisstillon.Hesayshedoesn'tknow.Mactamanisoneofmanyanimalattractionsinandaroundtourist-crowdedChiangMai.Meena'slifeissettofollowthesametrackasmanyoftheroughly3,800captive(被捕獲的)elephantsinThailand.WhenMeenaistoooldorsicktogiverides--maybeat55,maybeat75she'lldie.Ifshe'slucky,Shewillgetafewyearsofretirement.She'llspendmostofherlifeonachain.4.Whydoestheauthordecidetocomeback?A.Sheknowsababyisinneedofhelpurgently.BShewantstofeedthoseshackledelephants.C.ShewantstoreleasethoseshackledelephantsD.ShewantstocheckbabyelephantMeena.5.Whatcanweconcludefromthesecondparagraph?A.Theauthorisscaredofwalkinginthepath.B.Meenaonlyhasthreehealthylegs.C.Meenaistreatedbadlyandverypainful.D.OneofMeena'slegsisbadlybroken.6.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthoseelephants?A.Indifferent B.CriticalC.Sympathetic D.Negative7.Wecaninferthatthepurposeoftheauthor'swritingis___________.A.toappealtopeopletocareaboutthefateofthoseelephantsB.todescribethoseelephantstoattracttouristsaroundtheworldC.totellreadersthestoryofababyelephantinChiangMai,ThailandD.totellthereasonwhythenumberofelephantsisdecreasing【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.A【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過自己的所見所聞講解并描述了大象在泰國的凄慘境遇?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“I’vecomebacktocheckonababy.”及第三段中的“Meenaisfouryearsandtwomonthsold,stillachildaselephantsgo.”可知，作者確定回來是為了去查看小象米納，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Afourthfoottwistedabovethesurface,tiedtightlybyashortchainandchokedbyringofmetalspikes(尖刺).Whentheelephantgetstiredandputsherfootdown,thespikespressdeeperintoherankle.”可知，小象扭曲的腳上綁著鐵鏈和尖刺，當(dāng)它累了把腳放下時，這些尖刺就會更深地扎進(jìn)腳踝里，通過這個描寫可知小象米納受到了虐待，特別苦痛，故C項(xiàng)正確。【6題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Meena’slifeissettofollowthesametrackasmanyoftheroughly3,800captive(被捕獲的)elephantsinThailand.WhenMeenaistoooldorsicktogiverides—maybeat55,maybeat75,she’lldie.Ifshe'slucky,she’llgetafewyearsofretirement.She'llspendmostofherlifeonachain.”可知，小象米納將和其他被捕獲的大象一樣生活是特別凄慘的：小的時候受盡虐待，被人騎，等老了或病了的時候就會會死掉，假如幸運(yùn)的話，可以退休幾年，它們會在鐵鏈上度過一生，由此可知作者對這些大象特別憐憫，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要以小象米納為例講解并描述了大象在泰國的凄慘生活，由此可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是吸引人們關(guān)注那些大象的凄慘命運(yùn)，故A項(xiàng)正確。CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyearsbutinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.8Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatters. D.Theywerecloselyconnected9.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex. B.Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modern.10.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400C.About2,400 D.About1,200.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少及其緣由?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知，當(dāng)世界以依靠狩獵為生的人組成的時候，小而聯(lián)系緊密的群落形成了他們彼此之間獨(dú)立的講話模式……當(dāng)世界上的人口數(shù)量不到一千萬時，語言種類達(dá)到了12,000種。由此推知，當(dāng)時的語言種類很多。故選B?！?題詳解】揣測詞義題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知，英語、西班牙語和漢語正在快速替代其他語言。由此推知dominantlanguages意為“強(qiáng)有力的語言”。故選C。【10題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400。故選B。【11題詳解】主旨要義題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的主題句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知，語言的產(chǎn)生和消逝進(jìn)行了幾千年，但最近語言產(chǎn)生的少，消逝的太多。故選C。點(diǎn)睛：長難句解讀Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.分析：dominant前的and連接兩個并列句，all和前面的名詞短語trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications是同位語。句意：在最近的幾個世紀(jì)，貿(mào)易、工業(yè)化、民族國家的發(fā)展和全球義務(wù)教化的普及，尤其是過去幾十年來，全球化和更好的溝通，這些都導(dǎo)致很多語言消逝。而且像英語、西班牙語和漢語等主流語言正日益占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。DAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents,”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basically,itshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”12.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasthedifficultyengineersmetwhilemakingtheroboticfly?A.Theydidnothavesufficientfund.B.Noready-madecomponentswereavailable.C.Therewasnomodelintheirmind.D.Itwashardforthemtoassemblethecomponents.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4?A.Theroboticflyhasbeenputintowideapplication.B.Theroboticflyconsistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem.C.Informationfrommanysourcescanbecollectedbytheroboticfly.D.Theroboticflycanjustflyinlimitedareasatpresent.14.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.D.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheDevelopmentofRoboticFlyB.RoboticFlyPromotesEngineeringScienceC.Harvard’sEffortsinMakingRoboticFlyD.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsect【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明白哈佛高校的一組工程師受到大自然的啟發(fā)，創(chuàng)建了第一只機(jī)器蒼蠅。文章還說明白設(shè)計這種機(jī)械蒼蠅遇到的困難和該飛行裝置的應(yīng)用區(qū)域，這種設(shè)計為探討飛行力學(xué)和昆蟲限制供應(yīng)了一種新方法【12題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.（他說:“像這樣的項(xiàng)目還有一個額外的困難，那就是這些組件都不是現(xiàn)成的，所以我們必需自己開發(fā)?！保┛芍こ處焸冊谧寵C(jī)器人飛行時遇到的困難是沒有現(xiàn)成的組件。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.（當(dāng)這第一個機(jī)器人飛行器連接到一個小型的，外置的電源時，它的目標(biāo)是最終給它配備一個內(nèi)置的電源，這樣它可能有一天在救援地點(diǎn)，在農(nóng)夫的田地或戰(zhàn)場上執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)收集工作。）可推知機(jī)器蒼蠅目前只能在有限的區(qū)域飛行。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.（“你可以起先考慮用它們來回答開放式的科學(xué)問題，你知道，用動物很難做到的方式來探討生物學(xué)，但可以用這些機(jī)器人來代替，”他說。）可知伍德的設(shè)計可以在某些試驗(yàn)中代替動物。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.（哈佛高校的一組工程師受到大自然的啟發(fā)，創(chuàng)建了第一只機(jī)器蒼蠅。機(jī)械蒼蠅已經(jīng)成為一系列高新技術(shù)集成系統(tǒng)的平臺。這臺小型機(jī)器的設(shè)計初衷是讓蒼蠅能很自然地做它們該做的事情，但它的體積只有一只家蠅那么大。）以及文章主要內(nèi)容圍圍著機(jī)械蒼蠅能夠仿照真實(shí)的昆蟲來進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集工作，故D選項(xiàng)符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thereisnoneedtosayagaininbusinesspsychologythathighself-confidenceiskeytocareersuccess.ActuallyIthinklowself-confidenceismorelikelytomakeyousuccessful.Sure,extremelylowconfidenceisnothelpful.Itpreventsperformancebyincludingfear,worry,andstress,whichmaydrivepeopletogiveupsoonerorlater.___16___.Ifyourconfidenceislow,ratherthanextremelylow,youstandabetterchanceofsucceedingthanifyouhavehighself-confidence.___17___.Therefore,youwillbeself-critical.Mostpeoplegettrappedintheiroptimisticprejudice,sotheytendtolistentopositivefeedback(反饋)andignorenegativefeedback.Althoughthismayhelpthemcomeacrossasbeingconfidenttoothers,inanyareaofcompetitionanachievementis10%performanceand90%preparation.___18___.Lowerself-confidencecangetyoutoworkharderandpreparemore.Ifyouarecarefulaboutyourgoals,youwillworkharderwhenyoulackconfidenceinyourabilities.___19___,lowconfidenceisnegative.Ifyoureallywanttodowhatyouwant,yourlowconfidencewillonlymakeyouworkhardertoachieveitbecauseitwillmakeyouknowthedistancetothegoals.Lowerself-confidencereducesthepossibilitiesofprideanddisappointment.___20___,theyaremorelikelytoadmitmistakesinsteadofblamingothers.Thisisthemostimportantbenefitoflowself-confidencebecauseitpointstothefactthatlowself-confidencecanbringsuccess,notjusttoindividualsbutalsotoorganizationsandsociety.AActuallywhenyouarecarelessaboutyourgoalsB.Lowerself-confidencemakesyoufocusonnegativefeedbackC.SolowconfidencecanonlypreventyoufromsucceedingD.Thus,themoreyouknowweaknesses,thebetterpreparedyouwillbeE.ButappropriatelowconfidencehelpsyouadjustyourgoalstocompleteF.Indeed,ifpeoplehavelowself-confidenceG.Thenifyoucareaboutyourinabilityverymuch【答案】16.E17.B18.D19.A20.F【解析】本文是說明文。高度自信是勝利的關(guān)鍵。但是作者認(rèn)為較低的自信更簡潔勝利，并分析了緣由?！?6題詳解】依據(jù)下文Ifyourconfidenceislow,ratherthanextremelylow,youstandabetterchanceofsucceedingthanifyouhavehighself-confidence.（假如你的信念很低，而不是特別低，你勝利的機(jī)會比你自信的時候更大。）可知，較低的自信念有助于勝利，E項(xiàng)“Butappropriatelowconfidencehelpsyouadjustyourgoalstocomplete（但是適當(dāng)?shù)牡妥孕趴梢詭椭阏{(diào)整目標(biāo)來完成）”與此相符，且與上文extremelylowconfidenceisnothelpful（極度缺乏自信是無益的）是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選E?！?7題詳解】依據(jù)下文Therefore,youwillbeself-critical.（因此，你會自我指責(zé)）可知，與空格處是因果關(guān)系，因此B項(xiàng)“缺乏自信會讓你關(guān)注負(fù)面反饋”符合語境，關(guān)注負(fù)面反饋造成自我指責(zé)。故選B?！?8題詳解】上文Althoughthismayhelpthemcomeacrossasbeingconfidenttoothers,inanyareaofcompetitionanachievementis10%performanceand90%preparation講解并描述盡管這可能會讓他們給別人留下自信的印象，但在任何競爭領(lǐng)域，成就都是10%的表現(xiàn)和90%的準(zhǔn)備，因此，你知道的弱點(diǎn)越多，你做的準(zhǔn)備越足夠，故選D?！?9題詳解】上文Ifyouarecarefulaboutyourgoals,youwillworkharderwhenyoulackconfidenceinyourabilities.講解并描述假如你對自己的目標(biāo)很謹(jǐn)慎，當(dāng)你對自己的實(shí)力缺乏信念時，你就會更加努力地工作。因此推斷當(dāng)你對自己的目標(biāo)不關(guān)切時，你就不會努力工作，此時，缺乏自信就是消極的。故選A。【20題詳解】上文Lowerself-confidencereducesthepossibilitiesofprideanddisappointment.講解并描述缺乏自信會削減傲慢和悲觀的可能性。因此推斷假如人們?nèi)狈ψ孕?，就不會過于傲慢，更情愿承認(rèn)錯誤而不是責(zé)怪別人。故選F。第三部分語言學(xué)問運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Someyearsago,whenPatThornaskedherhusbandFrankwhathewasgoingtodowhenheretired,hereplied:“I'mgoingtovolunteerwithUNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund).”After___21___,Frankwastruetohisword,andheandPattouredschoolsandorganizationsaroundBritainashegavetalksaboutUNICEF.Whenthey___22___abroad,theiroriginalplansforarelaxingholidaywould___23___oftenturnintoaUNICEFfact-findingtripinstead.Theythrewthemselvesintoachievingimportantgoalswhetheritwasraisingpeople's___24___ofissuesorsourcing(選購 )sewingmachinestosendtocommunitiesinKenyathathad___25___them.PatandFrankwere___26___travelers,andwhentheyheadedtodifferentcontinents,theywereinspiredtofindoutfor___27___howUNICEFputitschild-focusedplansintofar-reaching___28___.“Wemetcommunityleaders,andsawhowUNICEF___29___non-governmentalschoolssothatchildren____30____attendthemwhentheywantedto,whichreallymadeeducationmore____31____toeveryone.”“ThepointisthatUNICEFhasthisnetworkinplace,doinggoodwork____32____,notjust____33____there'sanemergency.”PatandFrankalsodiscoveredearlyintheirinvolvementthatUNICEF's____34____programsaresupportedbydonations,____35____anyfundingfromtheUNbudget.Frankhadbecomeapromoter(促進(jìn)者)forUNICEF'slegacy-giving(遺產(chǎn)捐贈),HeandPatmadetheimportant____36____decisionto____37____thecharityintheirownwills.“Itwasasimple____38____forustoputUNICEFinourwills,”saysPat.“ThepeoplerunningUNICEFhavealwaysbeensensibleand____39____,andthat'sthemostimportantthing.MygiftwilljoinFrank'swhenI____40____thisworld.”21.A.unemployment B.retirement C.argument D.discussion22.A.traveled B.studied C.lectured D.lived23.A.anyhow B.somewhat C.somehow D.anyway24.A.awareness B.money C.importance D.seriousness25.A.requested B.subscribed C.received D.scanned26.A.wealthy B.absurd C.enthusiastic D.influential27.A.it B.themselves C.them D.itself28.A.effort B.goal C.difference D.effect29.A.takeup B.setup C.breakup D.turnup30.A.need B.should C.must D.could31.A.accessible B.responsible C.meaningful D.interesting32.A.aboveall B.allinall C.allthetime D.afterall33.A.when B.before C.since D.after34.A.time-consuming B.life-saving C.ever-changing D.fast-developing35.A.besides B.except C.without D.beyond36.A.single B.flexible C.adequate D.joint37.A.determine B.recognize C.declare D.promise38.A.decision B.sympathy C.assessment D.promotion39.A.beneficial B.available C.reliable D.reachable40.A.conduct B.enter C.desire D.leave【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.A26.C27.B28.D29.B30.D31.A32.C33.A34.B35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C40.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了決心退休后去聯(lián)合國兒童基金會當(dāng)志愿者的弗蘭克和妻子帕特綻開的聯(lián)合國兒童基金會的實(shí)況調(diào)查之旅并確定死后將遺產(chǎn)捐贈給該組織。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：退休后，弗蘭克兌現(xiàn)諾言，他和帕特參觀了英國各地的學(xué)校和組織，并發(fā)表了有關(guān)聯(lián)合國兒童基金會的演講。A.unemployment失業(yè)；B.retirement退休；C.argument爭辯；D.discussion探討。依據(jù)上文中的“PatThornaskedherhusbandFrankwhathewasgoingtodowhenheretired”可知，帕特·索恩問她的丈夫弗蘭克退休后準(zhǔn)備干什么，因此此處指“退休后”，故B項(xiàng)正確。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們出國旅行時，他們原本支配的放松假期往往會稀里糊涂地變成聯(lián)合國兒童基金會的實(shí)況調(diào)查之旅。A.traveled旅行；B.studied學(xué)習(xí)；C.lectured授課；D.lived生活?？蘸笠痪湔f這原本是他們支配的假期放松之旅，這說明他們?nèi)饴眯?，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.anyhow無論如何；B.somewhat有點(diǎn)；C.somehow不知何故；D.anyway總之。依據(jù)上文中的“I'mgoingtovolunteerwithUNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund).”可知，由于弗蘭克一心想著退休后到聯(lián)合國兒童基金會當(dāng)志愿者，所以他們原本支配的放松假期往往會稀里糊涂地變成聯(lián)合國兒童基金會的實(shí)況調(diào)查之旅，此處有“不知不覺”之意，旨在突出弗蘭克和帕特對這項(xiàng)工作的熱忱，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?nèi)硇耐度氲綄?shí)現(xiàn)重要目標(biāo)中——無論是提高人們對兒童基金會這方面問題的意識，還是選購 縫紉機(jī)送到肯尼亞有需求的社區(qū)。A.awareness意識；B.money金錢；C.importance重要性；D.seriousness肅穆。依據(jù)空后的“ofissues”可知此處指“提高人們對聯(lián)合國兒童基金會方面問題的意識”，故A項(xiàng)正確。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.requested懇求、須要；B.subscribed訂閱；C.received收到；D.scanned掃描。依據(jù)空前的“sourcingsewingmachinestosendtocommunitiesinKenya”可知，肯尼亞的這些社區(qū)對縫紉機(jī)有需求，故A項(xiàng)正確。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：帕特和弗蘭克是熱忱的旅行者，當(dāng)他們前往不同的大洲時，他們受到鼓舞，親自了解聯(lián)合國兒童基金會是如何使其以兒童為中心的支配發(fā)揮深遠(yuǎn)影響的。A.wealthy富有的；B.absurd荒謬的；C.enthusiastic熱忱的；D.influential有影響力的?？蘸笠痪湔f帕特和弗蘭克去了不同的大洲，這說明他們對旅行有很大的熱忱，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?7題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.it它；B.themselves他們自己；C.them他們；D.itself它自己。依據(jù)空前的“theywereinspiredtofindoutfor”可知，他們親自了解聯(lián)合國兒童基金會是如何使其以兒童為中心的支配發(fā)揮深遠(yuǎn)影響的，foroneself表示“親自”，故B項(xiàng)正確?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.effort努力；B.goal目標(biāo)；C.difference不同；D.effect效果、影響。依據(jù)空前的“UNICEFputitschild-focusedp