2022高考二輪英語 第二節(jié) 從微觀把握-讀后續(xù)寫微技能

第二節(jié)從微觀把握一一讀后續(xù)寫微技能

微技能一I如何精準解讀文本

讀后續(xù)寫的選材主要是故事類記敘文，是以敘事為主要內(nèi)容的一種文體。要續(xù)寫

好這類文章，理解文本是第一步。對于故事類記敘文閱讀，要注意以下幾個方面。

1.抓住記敘文的6要素

即人物、時間、地點、事件的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果，讀后續(xù)寫所提供的文本除了結(jié)

果這一要素之外，把其余五個要素敘述得清清楚楚。因此閱讀文本時要緊扣這五

個要素。

2.掌握記敘文的3大線索

即時間線、情節(jié)線和感情線。閱讀文本時要抓住這三條主線。必要時可以列出這

些線索，以更好地理解文章，為續(xù)寫做好準備。只有對原文的脈絡(luò)線索和段落結(jié)

構(gòu)有正確和深刻的理解，續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容才能和原文骨肉相連，契合緊密。

3.把握文章主旨和故事的發(fā)展方向

這點至關(guān)重要。只有把握了文章的主旨意圖，才能很好地完成續(xù)寫。確保續(xù)寫的

內(nèi)容和原文要有邏輯上的一致性，并能回應(yīng)原文的信息。

4.分析文章的用詞特點和行文風格

考生要仔細閱讀給定的前文，在充分理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，認真體會前文的用

詞特點和行文風格，只有這樣才能使續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容在語言色彩上和行文風格上與所

給文章保持高度一致。

【典例】（2021?新高考卷I）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短

文。

AMOTHER'SDAYSURPRISE

Thetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthesurprisetheywere

planningforMother'sDay.HowpleasedandproudMotherwouldbewhenthey

broughtherbreakfastinbed.TheyplannedtomakeFrenchtoastandchicken

porridge.Theyhadwatchedtheirmotherinthekitchen.Therewasnothingtoit.Jenna

andJeffknewexactlywhattodo.

ThebigdaycameatlastThealarmrangat6a.m.Thepairwentdownthestairsquietly

tothekitchen.Theydecidedtoboiltheporridgefirst.Theyputsomericeintoapotof

waterandleftittoboilwhiletheymadetheFrenchtoast.Jeffbroketwoeggsintoa

plateandaddedinsomemilk.Jennafoundthebreadandputtwoslicesintotheegg

mixture.Next,Jeffturnedonthesecondstoveburnertoheatupthefrying

pan.EverythingwasgoingsmoothlyuntilJeffstartedfryingthebread.Thepanwastoo

hotandthebreadturnedblackwithinseconds.Jennathrewtheburntpieceintothesink

andputintheothersliceofbread.Thistime,sheturneddownthefiresoitcooked

nicely.

ThenJeffnoticedsteamshootingoutofthepotandthelidstartingtoshake.Thenext

minute,theporridgeboiledoverandputoutthefire.Jennapanicked.Thankfully,Jeff

stayedcalmandturnedoffthegasquickly.Butthestovewasamessnow.Jennatold

Jefftocleanitupsotheycouldcontinuetocooktherestoftheporridge.But

Jeff'shandtouchedthehotburnerandhegaveacryofpain.Jennamadehimputhis

handincoldwater.Thenshecaughtthesmellofbuming.Ohdear!Thepieceofbread

inthepanhadturnedblackaswell.

注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.

Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup.

1.本文的6要素

本文是記敘文，講述了一對雙胞胎在母親節(jié)那天為媽媽做早餐的故事。

人物ThetwinsJennaandJeff,theirfather,theirmother

時間OnthemorningofMother'sDay

地點Kitchen,bedroom

起因、經(jīng)過ThetwinsJennaandJeffpreparedasurpriseonMother?s

和結(jié)果Dayfortheirmother,butfailedatthebeginning...

2.本文的3大線索

(1)時間線：OnthemorningofMother;sDay

(2)情節(jié)線：

ThetwinsJennaandJeffwantedtoprepareasurpriseonMother'sDayfortheir

mother.(雙胞胎計劃在母親節(jié)那天給媽媽一個驚喜)

OnthemorningofMother'sDay,thetwinsJennaandJeffboiltheporridgefirstand

thenmadetheFrenchtoast.(母親節(jié)這一天，雙胞胎來到廚房，煮粥，做吐司)

Theporridgeboiledover,Jeff'shandwasinjuredbythehotburnerandthepieceof

breadinthepanhadturnedblackaswell.(粥煮沸溢了出來，Jeff的手燙著了，面包

片烤糊了。)

③感情線：

Harmoniousrelationshipbetweentheirfamilymembers.

3.本文的主旨及故事的發(fā)展方向

(1)本文主旨：ThetwinswerepreparingasurpriseonMother?sDayfortheir

mothertoshowtheirlove.

(2)故事的發(fā)展方向：Howtopreparethesurprisebreakfastsuccessfully?

4.本文的用詞特點和行文風格

本文語言平實、行文流暢、敘事娓娓道來。

(1)精準的心理描寫：Thetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthe

surprisetheywereplanningforMother?sDay.HowpleasedandproudMother

wouldbewhentheybroughtherbreakfastinbed.

(2)細膩的動作和神態(tài)描寫：Thenextminute,theporridgeboiledoverandput

outthefire.Jennapanicked.Thankfully,Jeffstayedcalmandturnedoffthegas

quickly.Butthestovewasamessnow.

【范文必背】

Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.Seeingthe

messinthekitchen（現(xiàn)在分詞短語），heimmediatelyunderstoodwhathad

happened（賓語從句），buthewasn'tupset.Instead，heappliedsomemedicine

toJeff'shand,andthensetouttohelpthemcleanupthemess,throwingawaythe

burnttoast.Next,theybegantomakebreakfast,anduntilthenthetwinslooked

cheerful.Beforelong,theporridgewasready.Theirfatherinstructedthemtofrythe

restofthebread.Soon,thebreakfastwasready,too.

Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup.Openinghereyes,

shecouldn'tbelievewhatshehadseen.Befdreshecouldaskanyquestion,their

fatherturnedupandtoldhiswifeabouthowthetwinshadmadepreparationsto

giveherthesurprisebreakfast（about的第一個賓語從句），andwhattrouble

theyhadgonethroughwhenmakingtheporridgeandtoast（about的第二個賓語

從句，其中whenmaking相當于whentheyweremaking）.Disbeliefgavewayto

excitementandpride.Huggingtheminherarms,shesaid,“Thankyou,

children.lt?ssuchanunforgettableMother'sDayforme.”

微技能二I如何精心構(gòu)建續(xù)寫情節(jié)

要想寫好讀后續(xù)寫，關(guān)鍵是有效構(gòu)建續(xù)寫情節(jié)，其中包含兩個重要的步驟：第一

步是依據(jù)兩段首句，推理情節(jié)發(fā)展，搭建寫作框架；第二步是增加相關(guān)細節(jié)，完

善續(xù)寫情節(jié)。構(gòu)思時還要注意四個順暢的呼應(yīng)點。

一、抓住關(guān)鍵信息，構(gòu)思續(xù)寫框架

口訣：兩段首句定一框，二框二首正能量

1.兩段首句定一框：即由第一段的首句和第二段的首句可以定出第一段的框架。

所給第一段的首句既能承接上文，也是本段的起始句，由第二段的首句可以推測

第一段的結(jié)尾。

2.二框二首正能量：即由第二段的首句和根據(jù)文章應(yīng)是美好結(jié)局或正能量的結(jié)局

的特點可以預(yù)測故事結(jié)局，定出第二段的框架。

二、有效依據(jù)“五所”，豐富續(xù)寫情節(jié)

以上步驟僅僅定出了寫作框架，在構(gòu)思時，還要進行情節(jié)擴充，讓續(xù)寫有血有肉。

建議大家寫“五所”（所見、所聞、所說、所思、所做），并對此進行設(shè)問，可以

有效地豐富續(xù)寫的主要情節(jié)。

1.所見：環(huán)境描寫/人物描寫/神情描寫

2.所聞、所說：語言描寫

3.所思：心理描寫

4.所做：動作描寫

三,四個順暢呼應(yīng)，進行有效銜接

1.續(xù)寫首句與給出的首段首句的銜接；

2.續(xù)寫首段尾句與給出的次段首句的銜接；

3.給出的次段首句與續(xù)寫次段首句的銜接；

4.文章結(jié)尾升華與文章主題意義的銜接。

【典例】（2021.八省市聯(lián)考）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短

文。Duringthispastyear,I'vehadthreeinstancesofcartrouble.Eachtime

thesethingshappened,Iwassickofthewaymostpeoplehadn'tbotheredto

help.Oneofthosetimes,Iwasonthesideoftheroadforclosetothreehourswithmy

bigJeep.Iputsignsinthewindows,bigsignsthatsaidNEEDAJACK（千斤頂），

andofferedmoney.Nothing.RightasIwasabouttogiveup,aMexicanfamilyina

smalltruckpulledover,andthefatherboundedout.

Hesizedupthesituationandcalledforhisdaughter,whospokeEnglish.Heconveyed

throughherthathehadajackbutthatitwastoosmallfortheJeep,sowewouldneed

somethingtosupportit.Thenhegotasaw（鋸子）fromthetruckandcutasectionout

ofabiglogonthesideoftheroad.Werolleditoverandputhisjackontop,andwe

wereinbusiness.

Istartedtakingthewheeloff,andthen,ifyoucanbelieveit,Ibrokehistire

iron.Noworries：Hehandedittohiswife,andshewasgoneinaflashdowntheroad

tobuyanewtireiron.Shewasbackin15minutes.Wefinishedthejob,andIwasa

veryhappyman.

Thetwoofusweredirtyandsweaty.Hiswifepreparedapotofwaterforustowash

ourhands.Itriedtoputa$20billintheman'shand,buthewouldn'ttakeit,so

insteadIwentuptothetruckandgaveittohiswifeasquietlyasIcould.Iaskedthe

littlegirlwheretheylived.Mexico,shesaid.TheywereinOregonsoMommyand

Daddycouldworkonafruitfarmforthenextfewweeks.Thentheywouldgohome.

注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifTdhadlunch.

Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.

【范文必背】

WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifI'dhadhmch.Notuntilthendid

Ihearmystomachrumbling（部分彳到裝），Ishruggedawkwardly.Asmileof

sympathyflickeringacrossherface,shesuddenlyturnedaroundanddartedtoward

hertruck.Forsplitseconds,thegirlturnedupbreathlessly,apaperbagheldtightly

inherhand."Hereyouare.ltwill...doyougood."ShestammeredinbrokenEnglish,

grinningmysteriously.Maybe,itwashertoyshedidn'tneedanylonger.Iwavedto

thefamily,seeingthemwalkingacrossthestreethandinhand（現(xiàn)在分詞短語）.

Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.Insightcamea

hamburgeranda20—dollarbill（完全倒裝），towhichanotewasattached（定

語從句）.Itread,“Iboughtthemwithallmysavings.Goodluck.”Asifaboltof

lightingstruckme,Igapedingratitudeandmeanwhilefeltastabofguiltformy

misunderstandinghergoodwill.Ilookedoutofthewindoweagerlyonlytofind

theirtruckjustalongside.Whatacoincidence!Thelittlegirlreturnedmeasweetsmile,

hertinklinglaughterfillingtheair.ltwasthefirsttimeIwasnotsickofmycartrouble

butluckyforseeingabeautifulheart.

一、抓住關(guān)鍵信息，構(gòu)思續(xù)寫框架

1.兩段首句定一框：

由第一段的首句WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifTdhadlunch.

和第二段的首句Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.再結(jié)合

所給短文內(nèi)容，可以預(yù)測本段應(yīng)主要寫小女孩給“我”提供食物。

2.二框二首正能量：

第二段的首句Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.和根據(jù)文

章應(yīng)是美好結(jié)局或正能量的結(jié)局的特點可以預(yù)測故事結(jié)局：作者認識到人間的真

善美。

二、有效依據(jù)“五所”，豐富續(xù)寫情節(jié)

寫“五所”(所見，所聞，所說，所思，所做)，并對此進行設(shè)問。設(shè)問時要抓住

段首句關(guān)鍵詞

Pl：WhenIwasabouttosaygoodbye,thegirlaskedifI'dhadlunch.

Q1：Whatwasmyreply?(aboutlunch)DidIhavelunch?

Q2：Whatdidthegirldo?(aboutthepaperbag)

Q3：HowdidIfeel?

Q4：Howdidtheyleft?(aftertheyleft)

P2：Aftertheyleft,IgotintomyJeepandopenedthepaperbag.

QI：WhatdidIfindinthepaperbag?

Q2：HowdidIfeel?

Q3：HowdidIchangetheopiniontowardsstranger?

Q4：Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellreaders?

三、四個順暢呼應(yīng)，進行有效銜接

1.續(xù)寫首句與給出的首段首句的銜接

NotuntilthendidIhearmystomachrumbling.(首句女孩問是否吃午飯了，本句寫

直到這時我聽到肚子咕咕叫)

2.續(xù)寫首段尾句與給出的次段首句的銜接

Iwavedtothefamily,seeingthemwalkingacrossthestreethandinhand.(次段首

句寫在他們離開之后，本句寫與他們告別）

3.給出的次段首句與續(xù)寫次段首句的銜接

Insightcameahamburgeranda20-dollarbill,towhichanotewasattached.（次段

首句寫作者打開了包裹，本句接著寫看到里面有漢堡包和20美元）

4.文章結(jié)尾升華與文章主題意義的銜接

ItwasthefirsttimeIwasnotsickofmycartroublebutluckyforseeingabeautiful

heart.（照應(yīng)第一段，突出主題：美麗的心靈）

微技能三I如何精細打磨續(xù)寫語言

構(gòu)思好續(xù)寫情節(jié)以后，下一步就是進行續(xù)寫。在閱卷時，閱卷老師首要關(guān)注的是

續(xù)寫的語言，因此續(xù)寫語言的高低與否直接決定著續(xù)寫的成功與否。首先要規(guī)避

常見錯誤，確保拿到及格分，再次要盡力提升寫作的語言，努力達到最高檔。

一、5大升級路徑，詞匯亮人一眼

■升級路徑1：籠統(tǒng)詞一具體詞

?Becauseofherhatred，shelookedathim.

-Becauseofherhatred,sheglaredathim.

②Theywalkedonwardswithexhaustedbodiesthroughthedesert.

—Theytrudgedonwardswithexhaustedbodiesthroughthedesert.

■升級路徑2：簡單詞一高級詞

①TheadvicetheoldmangaveTomwasveryimportant.

—TheadvicetheoldmangaveTomwasverysignificant/vital/critical.

②Ishouldbefreeanytimeafterschoolnextweek.

fIshouldbeavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek.

■升級路徑3：單詞一短語

?Hearingthebadnews,theboycriedsadly.

一Hearingthebadnews,theboyburstintotearssadly.

②Afteraday'swork,wealltired.

Afteraday,swork,weallwornout.

■升級路徑4：運用有表現(xiàn)力的副詞

恰當?shù)厥褂酶挥斜憩F(xiàn)力的副詞，能夠使文章更加豐富多姿，描寫地更為準確，文

章更有生機。使用這些副詞時，要注意把握這些詞匯的確切內(nèi)涵，并且符合故事

發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯。

①Thedaywasbitterlycold；themoonwasshiningbrightlyinthesky.

?Havingnochoice,Islowlyraisedthebook,hopingtohidemyself.

(3)1wasquietly,joyfullyandpatientlywatchingasthesunpaintedabrand-new

day.

(4)Onourwaybackhome,myfatherheldmetightly,wearingabigfrown.

■升級路徑5：運用有表現(xiàn)力的介詞短語

介詞with或in后加表示情緒、個性等的名詞，經(jīng)?？梢耘c相應(yīng)的副詞互換，恰

當?shù)厥褂么私Y(jié)構(gòu)可以增加表達的多樣性。

①Shegazedupathim,glowinghappily.

一Shegazedupathim,glowingwithhappiness.

②Likealamp,themoonshonefromabove.Thestarstwinkledtheireyescuriously.

—Likealamp,themoonshonefromabove.Thestarstwinkledtheireyeswith

curiosity.

二、8大搶分句式，檔次瞬時提升

搶分句式1：Doing...,主+謂...

doing作狀語，邏輯主語與句子的主語一致，構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系；有時可以在doing前

加before,after,while等。

①Hewastremblinginablanketandhesaid,"I'mcold.”

fTremblinginablanket,hesaid,"I'mcold.”

②Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.

—Sittingbackinaneasychair,Ifellasleep.

③WhenIsawnoonenoticingus,IputtheChristmaspresentdownandleft.

—Seeingnoonenoticingus,IputtheChristmaspresentdownandleft.

搶分句式2：主+謂...,doing...

doing作伴隨狀語，與句子的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，邏輯主語與句子的主語一致，

構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。

①“Here,“hesaid.Atthesametimehehandedthecoinstothegatekeeper.

一“Here,“hesaid,handingthecoinstothegatekeeper.

②ForafewmomentsIjuststoodthere.Iheldthatten-dollarbillandIwondered

whattobuyandwhotobuyitfor.

一ForafewmomentsIjuststoodthere,holdingthatten-dollarbillandwondering

whattobuyandwhotobuyitfor.

■搶分句式3：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

?主語+謂語...，邏輯主語+doing/done...

?邏輯主語+doing/done,主語+謂語...

?邏輯主語與doing構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，或者邏輯主語與done構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系構(gòu)成獨立主

格，有時前面有介詞with,在句中常作狀語。

①Hestoodthereandtearsofgratitudewerewellingupinhiseyes.

一Hestoodthere,(with)tearsofgratitudewellingupinhiseyes.

②Herfatherwaslyingonhisback,andhisdogwastrappedunderthetruck.

—Herfatherwaslyingonhisback,(with)hisdogtrappedunderthetruck.

■搶分句式4：表情感類的形容詞，主+謂……或主+謂……,表情感類的形

容詞

情感類的形容詞在句中作狀語，說明主語的情感狀態(tài)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為表情感類的形

容詞，主十謂……。有時可以放在句后：主十謂……表情感類的形容詞。

①Hewaseagerandexcited,andshewavedherhands,tryingtoattractothers?

attention.

一Eagerandexcited,shewavedherhands,tryingtoattractothers?attention.

②ToAnnie'sdelight,surroundedbyhisclassmates,Markseemedlikearockstar,

andhewascheerfulandproud.

fToAnnie'sdelight,surroundedbyhisclassmates,Markseemedlikearockstar,

cheerfulandproud.

■搶分句式5：方式副詞，主+謂……

方式副詞在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動詞，一般放在賓語后，但有時根據(jù)需要可以

放在句首，有時放在實義動詞前。

①Itwasfortunatethatthecatwasstillalive,thoughbadlyinjured.

-^Fortunately,thecatwasstillalive,thoughbadlyinjured.

?Gently,shepickedupthefirstbaby,ranbackoutsideandlaiditonthesidewalk.

■搶分句式6：全部倒裝：地點狀語或表示運動方向的副詞+謂（vi.）+主（名

詞）

該句型是一個全部倒裝句，主語必須是名詞，謂語動詞為不及物動詞，常見的表

運動方向的副詞有：in,out,off,away,up,down,outside,inside等。

①Anoldwomansatahead.

fAheadsatanoldwoman.

②Thecrowdwentawayonebyone.

fAwaywentthecrowdonebyone.

■搶分句式7：強調(diào)句型：Itwas+被強調(diào)成分+that+（主語）+謂語……

除了強調(diào)句型，在突出某一成分時，還可以用部分倒裝句型。

Heknewwhathadhappenedthen.

—Itwasthenthatheknewwhathadhappened.

fOnlythendidheknowwhathadhappened.

fNotuntilthendidheknowwhathadhappened.

搶分句式8:非限制性定語從句：.?.，which...

We'llalsospendsomefuntimetogether,singing,dancingandplayinggames.Wehope

itwillmakethemhappy.

fWe'llalsospendsomefuntimetogether,singing,dancingandplayinggames,

whichwehopewillmakethemhappy.

【即時訓練】

I,請用高級詞匯升級下面考生作文中加黑的一般詞匯

Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared,Surprised,

Poppyjumpedbackwards,withherbackarchedandtailwagging.Then,shebarked

withjoy,eyesfixedonthecutelittlecompanion.Notfeelingshy,thelittledogjumped

forwardtogreetPoppy.Immediately,bothdogsbeganagameofchaseinthe

house.Instantlythehousecamebacktolife,withhappybarkinglingeringaround

it.Suchascenemademomanddadlaughinrelief.Butatonce,bothofthemdidn't

speak.Asmemoriesoftheirsoncametomind,theyfeltadeeplongingfortheirson.

Afewweekslatertheboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.Poppy

welcomedhimasusual.AshemissedPoppysomuchandwaslookingforwardto

seeingher,hebentdowntohugher.Suddenly,asmallgoldenpuppycameupto

her.Hewasverysurprisedtoseeastrangecreatureathome."Oh,mygosh,Ican't

believethatyougotyourselfapuppy."theboyshouted.Noticinghisshockedface,

hisparentslaughed.uThispuppyisforPoppy,“hismomanswered,uSometimes,

we'vefoundPuppyareplacementforyou.However,tous,youareirreplaceable,

Sweetie."Touchedbyhismother'swords,theboytriedtoholdbackhistearsand

decidedtocomebacktoseehisparentsasoftenaspossible.

?SurprisedfAmazed

②jumped一leapt

?Immediately^Inaflash

⑷happy-joyful

⑤didn'tspeak^wentsilent

@cametomind-crowdedin

?SuddenlyfAllofasudden

⑧verysurprised^shocked

?shouted^exclaimed

⑩answeredfreplied

@triedfstruggled

?decidedfwasdetermined

II.請用高級句式升級下面考生作文中加黑的一般句式

Dadop