2023年考研英語真題官方版

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SectionIListeningComprehension

Directions:

ThisSectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.You

willhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthat

accompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.

Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyour

answersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,

youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbookletto

ANSWERSHEET1.

NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.

PartA

Directions:

ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaret

Welch.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyou'veheard.

Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordor

numberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25

secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)

Welch'sPersonalInformation

PlaceofBirthPhiladelphia

YearofBirth1901

TransfertoBarnardUniversity(Year)1920

MajoratUniversity1

FinalDegreePhD

YearofMarriage1928

GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublished(Year)2

FieldStudyintheSouthPacific(Age)3

MainInterest4

ProfessorshipatColumbiaStarted(Year)5

Death(Age)77

PartB

Directions:

Forquestions6-10,youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.While

youlisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3

wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25seconds

toreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)

Besidesreporters,whoelsewerecampedoutfordaysoutsidethespeaker's

home?6

Onereportergottothespeaker'sapartmentpretendingtopay.7

Thespeakerbelievedthereporterwantedapictureofherlooking8

Whereisacorrectiontoafalsestoryusuallyplaced?9

Accordingtothespeaker,thepresswilllosereadersunlesstheeditorsandthe

newsdirectors10

PartC

Directions:

Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,

youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereach

questionbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheck

youranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)

Questions11-13arebasedonareportaboutchildren'shealthydevelopment.

Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.

11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnext

time?[A]Howmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.

[B]Whattheyaremostworriedabout.

[C]Howlongtheirparentsaccompanythemdaily.

[D]Whatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.

12.Theacademysuggeststhatchildrenunderagetwo.

[A]getenoughentertainment

[B]havemoreactivities

[C]receiveearlyeducation

[D]haveregularcheckups

13.Accordingtothereport,children'sbedroomsshould.

[A]benoplaceforplay

[B]benearacommonarea

[C]havenoTVsets

[D]haveacomputerforstudy

Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.

Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.

14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhe

wantstosaveup?

[A]Familydebts.

[B]Banksavings.

[C]Monthlybills.

[D]Spendinghabits.

15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-day

habit?

[A]$190,000.

[B]$330,000.

[C]$500,000.

[D]$1,000,000.

16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthlybills,ifhewantstoaccumulate

wealth?

[A]Investintoamutualfund.

[B]Usethediscounttickets.

[C]Quithiseating-outhabit.

[D]Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.

Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.Glieberman,a

domestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.

17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyer'spredictionofthechangein

divorcerate?

[A]Fall

[B]Rise

[C]V-sh叩e

[D]Zigzag

18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage?

[A]Toembracechangesofthought.

[B]Toadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.

[C]Toreturntothepracticeinthe'60sand70s.

[D]Tocreatestabilityintheirlives.

19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago?

[A]Theyfearedthecomplicatedprocedures.

[B]Theywantedtogoagainstthetrend.

[C]Theywereafraidoflosingface.

[D]theywerewillingtostaytogether.

20.Yearsagoadivorcedmaninacompanywouldhave.

[A]beenshiftedaroundthecountry.

[B]haddifficultybeingpromoted.

[C]enjoyedahappierlife.

[D]tastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.

Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbookletto

ANSWERSHEET1.

THISISTHEENDOFSECTIONI

DONOTREADORWORKONTHENEXTSECTION

UNTILYOUARETOLDTOCONTINUE

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20th

centuryandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhad

happened.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnotthe19thcenturythatthe

newspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic,followinginthewakeofthe

pamphletandthebookandintheoftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametime

thatthecommunicationsrevolutionup,beginningwithtransport,therailway,and

leadingthroughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpicturesthe

20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthat

processin.Itisimportanttodoso.

Itisgenerallyrecognized,,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly

20thcentury,bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radically

changedtheprocess,itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately.Astimewent

by,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame"personal”

too,aswellas,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorageincreasing.Theywere

thoughtof,likepeople,generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm"informationsociety"beganto

bewidelyusedtodescribethewithinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunications

revolutionhasbothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplace

andtime,buttherehavebeenviewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialand

culturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed“harmful“outcomes.And

generalizationshaveproveddifficult.

21.[A]between

[B]before

[C]since

[D]later

22.[A]after

[B]by

[C]during

[D]until

23.[A]means

[B]method

[C]medium

[D]measure

24.[A]process

[B]company

[C]light

[D]form

25.[A]gathered

[B]speeded

[C]worked

[D]picked

26.[A]on

[B]out

[C]over

[D]off

27.[A]of

[B]for

[C]beyond

[D]into

28.[A]concept

[B]dimension

[C]effect

[D]perspective

29.[A]indeed

[B]hence

[C]however

[D]therefore

30.[A]brought

[B]followed

[C]stimulated

[D]characterized

31.[A]unless

[B]since

[C]lest

[D]although

32.[A]apparent

[B]desirable

[C]negative

[D]plausible

33.[A]institutional

[B]universal

[C]fundamental

[D]instrumental

34.[A]ability

[B]capability

[C]capacity

[D]faculty

35.[A]bymeansof

[B]intermsof

[C]withregardto

[D]inlinewith

36.[A]deeper

[B]fewer

[C]nearer

[D]smaller

37.[A]context

[B]range

[C]scope

[D]territory

38.[A]regarded

[B]impressed

[C]influenced

[D]effected

39.[A]competitive

[B]controversial

[C]distracting

[D]irrational

40.[A]above

[B]upon

[C]against

[D]with

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknow

howtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevantto

theaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyou

understandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Depending

onwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoa

groupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;

alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheir

disorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhich

workswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.Aman

arrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderful

accommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisvery

peaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalis

suddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,

grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?"thenew

arrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,that'sGod,"camethereply,"butsometimeshe

thinkshe'sadoctor."

Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinaposition

toknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouanditzII

beappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood

orthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn,t

attempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparaging

remarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.Youwillbeonsafergroundifyou

sticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomes

morenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyou

candeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit'sthedeliverywhichcauses

theaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworan

unbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliar

quote"Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,giveup“oraplayonwordsorona

situation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpick

outafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould.

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners

42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare

[A]impolitetonewarrivals

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours

43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention

[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible

[C]inexaggeratedstatements

[D]ascasuallyaspossible

45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.

[A]UseHumorEffectively

[B]VariousKindsofHumor

[C]AddHumortoSpeech

[D]DifferentHumorStrategies

Text2

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunning

toolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.

Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarious

humancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethe

mechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmos

whosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremoved

muchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Our

bankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanical

politenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytireless

robot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsand

micro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsof

brainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy--fargreaterprecisionthan

highlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhaveto

operatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisions

forthemselves--goalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotella

robottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofarobotics

programatNASA,“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough'commonsense'to

reliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixed

results.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappeared

thattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthe

humanbrainbytheyear2023,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthat

forecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain's

roughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhuman

perceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuilt

robotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeter

inacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidly

changingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,

instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthe

singlesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemson

Earthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknow

quitehowwedoit.

46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.

[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

[D]theelite*scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

47.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.

[A]programs

[B]experts

[C]devices

[D]creatures

48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesigna

robotthatcan.

[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally

[C]havealittlecommonsense

[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld

49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.

[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

[C]improvefactoryenvironments

[D]cultivatehumancreativity

50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.

[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

Text3

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPEC

agreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26a

barrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsup

scarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,when

theyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflation

andglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomand

doomthistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoil

exports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthe

northernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobe

lessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccounts

forasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxes

accountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthe

priceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsoless

sensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsanda

declineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoil

consumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthan

steelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomies

nowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatest

EconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,compared

with$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly

0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.

Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies--towhichheavyindustry

hasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriously

squeezed.

Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unlikethe

risesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneral

commodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionofthe

worldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist,scommodity

priceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commodityprices

jumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.

51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis.

[A]globalinflation

[B]reductioninsupply

[C]fastgrowthineconomy

[D]Iraq'ssuspensionofexports

52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoup

dramaticallyif.

[A]priceofcruderises

[B]commoditypricesrise

[C]consumptionrises

[D]oiltaxesrise

53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries.

[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive

[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices

[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed

[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP

54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.

[A]oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow

[B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks

[C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices

[D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry

55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems.

[A]optimistic

[B]sensitive

[C]gloomy

[D]scared

Text4

TheSupremeCourtsdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportant

implicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assisted

suicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect,"a

centuries-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects--agood

onethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen--ispermissibleiftheactor

intendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesof

morphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients'pain,eventhoughincreasingdosages

willeventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthatthe

principlewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthat

theycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmight

hastendeath."

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,

maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedical

purpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugto

hastendeath."It'slikesurgery,"hesays."Wedon'tcallthosedeaths

homicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughthey

riskedtheirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideas

longasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide."

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethatthe

assisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsfor

whommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,the

NationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,Approaching

Death:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpain

andtheaggressiveuseof"ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmay

prolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsof

end-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,to

testknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicare

billingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessing

andtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaning

medicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysiciansseem

unconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictably

suffering/totheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse/Hesays

medicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsare

presumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicense

suspension/

56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.

[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients'pain

[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives

[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide

[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide

57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients1death.

[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.

[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbe

prescribed.

[D]Adoctor'smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.

58.AccordingtotheNAS'sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis

[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures

[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain

[C]systematicdrugabuse

[D]insufficienthospitalcare

59.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword"aggressive"(Line3,

Paragraph7)?

[A]Bold

[B]Harmful

[C]Careless

[D]Desperate

60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedif

they.

[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently

[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded

[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients

[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

intoChinese.Yourtranslatio