2024年全國高考北京卷英語真題(含答案)

2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生高考真題全國統(tǒng)一考試(北京卷)英語第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。I’djustarrivedatschool,readyforanotherschoolday.Iwasreadingabookintheclassroomwhentherewasan___1___.“Todayat1:10therewillbeauditions(面試)foramusical.”Myfriendsalljumpedupinexcitementandaskedme,“Willyoubegoing,Amy?”“Sure,”Isaid.Ihadno___2___indrama,butI’dtryoutbecausemyfriendsweredoingit.At1:10,therewasa___3___outsidethedramaroom.Everyonelookedenergetic.Ihadn’texpectedI’dbestandingtherethatmorning.ButnowthatIwasdoingit,I___4___feltnervous.WhatifIwasn’tanygood?Ienteredtheroomandtheteachersmademesaysomelinesfromthemusical.Theythen___5___mysingingskillsandaskedwhatroleIwantedtoplay.Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme.IfeltlikeIhada___6___,soIsaid,“Abigrole.”Theysaidthey’dlookintoit.Istartedgettingreallynervous.WhatifIdidn’tgetamainrole?Soon,thecastlistwas___7___.Myfriendscheckedandcamebackshouting,“Amy,yougotthemainrole!”Sureenough,mynamewasatthetop.Ijuststaredatitandstartedto___8___.Iwassohappy.Aftertwomonthswewereallpreparedandreadytogoonstage.Itwasfun.Andwhenpeoplestarted___9___,thatgavemeaboostofconfidence.Itstayedwithmeandmademefeel___10___.Irealisedthatbytryingsomethingnew,Icanhavefun—evenifitmeanssteppingoutofmycomfortzone.1.A.assignment B.initiative C.announcement D.interview2.A.hesitancy B.interest C.worry D.regret3.A.game B.show C.play D.line4.A.suddenly B.continuously C.originally D.generally5.A.advertised B.tested C.challenged D.polished6.A.demand B.credit C.dream D.chance7.A.traded B.posted C.questioned D.claimed8.A.wellup B.rollin C.standout D.gooff9.A.whispering B.arguing C.clapping D.stretching10.A.funnier B.fairer C.cleverer D.braver第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Slowingdowncancontributesignificantlytopersonalgrowth.Takingthetime___11___(rest)allowsustodevelopadeepersenseof___12___(self-aware).Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsusidentifyimportantareasofourlivesand___13___(give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.Topractisethis,weneedtoestablishclear___14___(boundary)inourpersonalandprofessionallife.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood___15___(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.Andwhen___16___(ask)abouthisnewtitle,hesharedthesecret:moderation(適度).Tinniswood,___17___doesn’tsmokeandrarelydrinks,creditedmoderationforhelpinghimstayhealthyduringhislonglife.“Ifyoueattoomuchordotoomuchofanything,you’regoingtosuffereventually,”hesaid.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Oneday,IsawaboywalkingalongGeorgeStreetwithanarmfulofbooks.Ithought___18___myself,“Whywouldhecarryallhisbooks?”Justthen,somekidsranathim,___19___(knock)hisbooksoutofhisarms.Hisglasseswentflyingandlandedinthegrass.Myheartwentouttohim,andI___20___(jog)overtohim.AsIhandedhimtheglasses,helookedatmeandsaid,“Thanks!”第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATheLanguageExchangeProgrammeallowsstudentsinpairstocommunicateintwodifferentlanguagestheywishtoshareandlearneachweek.Studentsrecordshortentriesaftereachpartnermeetingnotingthelanguageskillspractisedandthetopicsdiscussed.Eachpairofstudentsmeetsthreetimesthroughoutthetermwithateacherwhodecidesiftheexchangeiseffective.Studentswhosuccessfullycompletetheprogrammewillreceiveonecrediteach.Requirementsforcompletion:?OnewelcomingsessiononthesecondFridayoftheterm?18weeklyone-hourpairmeetings?Weeklyprogressreportsforallpairmeetings?Atleastthreepair-teachermeetings?Onefive-minutefinalvideoSignup!Thesign-upandregistrationprocessisasfollows:?Studentssignupandindicatethelanguagestheycanshareandlanguagestheyareinterestedinlearning.?Basedontheinformationenteredbyeachstudent,potentialpairsareidentified.?Proficiency(熟練)levelsareconfirmedthroughcourseworkorplacementtests.?Onceapairhasbeendeterminedtobesuitable,thestudentswillbecontactedindividuallywithaspecialpermissionnumbertoregisterfortheprogramme.Reminders:Signingupfortheprogrammedoesnotautomaticallymeanthatyouwillbeabletoregisterandparticipate.Pairsarematchedbylanguagesofinterestandproficiencylevels.Sincetherearemanyfactorsinvolvedinthepairingprocess,notallstudentswhosignupwillbematchedwithapartnerandbeabletoregisterfortheprogramme.21.Intheprogramme,studentswill_________.A.chairdailymeetings B.evaluatetheexchangeC.meetteacherseachweek D.practisetheirlanguageskills22.Tocompletetheprogramme,studentsarerequiredto_________.A.developmenttests B.participateinpairmeetingsC.welcomenewstudents D.workonweeklyvideos23.Whatdostudentsneedtododuringtheregistration?A.Indicatetheirlanguagesofinterest. B.Selecttheirowncoursework.C.Makeindividualcontact. D.Choosetheirpartners.BWhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilikeddrawing,freelyandjoyouslymakingmarksonthewallsathome.Inprimaryschool,Ilearnedtowriteusingchalks.Writingseemedtobeanotherformofdrawing.Ishapedindividuallettersintorepeatinglines,whichwereabstractforms,delightfulbutmeaninglesspatterns.Insecondaryschool,artwasmyfavouritesubject.SinceIloveditsomuchIthoughtIwasgoodatit.FortheartO-levelexamIhadtopresentanoilpainting.Ifounditdifficult,butstillhopedtopass.Ifailed,withalowgrade.I’dbeenover-confident.NowI’dbeendeclaredtalentless.Butotherchannelsofcreativitystayedopen:Iwentonwritingpoemsandstories.Still,Iwenttoexhibitionsoften.Icontinuedmyhabitualdrawing,whichInowcharacterisedaschildishdoodling(亂畫).Inmy30s,Imadepainterfriendsandlearnednewwaysoflookingatart.However,Icouldn’tletmyselfhaveagoatactuallydoingit.Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstractpaintersusingoilpaints,orwereprintmakersorsculptors,Itookoilpaintingasthetaboo(禁忌)highformIwasn’tallowedtopractice. Onenight,inmyearly40s,Idreamedthatabigwomaninredapproachedme,handedmeabagofpaints,andtoldmetostartpainting.Thedreamfeltsoauthoritativethatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy,givingmebacksomethingI’dlost.Accordingly,Istartedbyexperimentingwithwatercolours.Finally,Iboughtsomeoilpaints.AlthoughIhaveenjoyedbreakingmydecades-longtabooaboutworkingwithoilpaints,IhavediscoveredInowpreferchalksandink.IletmylinedrawingsturnintocartoonsIsendtofriends.Itallfeelsfreeandeasy.Un-anxious.Thistimearound,Icanacceptmylimitationsbutkeepgoing.Becomingasuccessfulpaintercallsforbeingresolute.IrealisedIwasalwaysafraidofwantingtoomuch.Thatdreamremindedmethatthosefearsanddesirescouldencouragemetotakerisksandmakeexperiments.24.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheresultoftheartexam?A.Scared. B.Worried. C.Discouraged. D.Wronged.25.Inher30s,theauthor_________.A.avoidedoilpaintingpractice B.soughtforapaintingcareerC.fanciedabstractpainting D.exhibitedchildpaintings26.Whichwordwouldbestdescribetheauthor’sdream?A.Confusing. B.Empowering.C.Disturbing. D.Entertaining.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Hardworkisthemotherofsuccess.C.Dreamsarethereflectionsofrealities. D.Creativeactivitiesinvolvebeingconfident.CThenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse’svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm“simulationhypothesis”(模擬假說)returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation—aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherit’strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive(認(rèn)知的)functionsinthebrain.Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical(實證的)experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwon’trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,culturalandpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.Soifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隱喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewton’sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.InEinstein’s,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle(粒子)physics.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,developingthe“computersimulation”metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.28.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodobychallengingahypothesis?A.Makeanassumption. B.Illustrateanargument.C.Giveasuggestion. D.Justifyacomparison.29.Whatdoesthephrase“contingenton”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Acceptedby. B.Determinedby. C.Awakenedby. D.Discoveredby.30.AsforKant’sargument,theauthoris_________.A.appreciative B.doubtful C.unconcerned D.disapproving31.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould_________.A.comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousonesB.continueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistoryC.stoparguingwhethertheuniverseisasimulationD.turnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesup.DFranzBoas’sdescriptionofInuit(因紐特人)lifeinthe19thcenturyillustratestheprobablemoralcodeofearlyhumans.Here,norms(規(guī)范)wereunwrittenandrarelyexpressedclearly,butwerewellunderstoodandtakentoheart.Dishonestandviolentbehavioursweredisapprovedof;leadership,marriageandinteractionswithothergroupswerelooselygovernedbytraditions.Conflictwasoftenresolvedinmusicalbattles.Becausearguingangrilyleadstochaos,itwasstronglydiscouraged.WithlifeintheunforgivingNorthernCanadabeingsodemanding,theInuit’spracticalapproachtomoralitymadegoodsense.Thesimilarityofmoralvirtuesacrossculturesisstriking,eventhoughtherelativerankingofthevirtuesmayvarywithasocialgroup’shistoryandenvironment.Typically,crueltyandcheatingarediscouraged,whilecooperation,humblenessandcouragearepraised.Theseuniversalnormsfarpre-datetheconceptofanymoralisingreligionorwrittenlaw.Instead,theyarerootedinthesimilarityofbasichumanneedsandoursharedmechanismsforlearningandproblemsolving.Oursocialinstincts(本能)includetheintensedesiretobelong.Theapprovalofothersisrewarding,whiletheirdisapprovalisstronglydisliked.Thesesocialemotionsprepareourbrainstoshapeourbehaviouraccordingtothenormsandvaluesofourfamilyandourcommunity.Moregenerally,socialinstinctsmotivateustolearnhowtobehaveinasociallycomplexworld.Themechanisminvolvesarepurposedrewardsystemoriginallyusedtodevelophabitsimportantforself-care.Ourbrainsusethesystemtoacquirebehaviouralpatternsregardingsaferouteshome,efficientfoodgatheringanddangerstoavoid.Goodhabitssavetime,energyandsometimesyourlife.Goodsocialhabitsdosomethingsimilarinasocialcontext.Welearntotellthetruth,evenwhenlyingisself-serving;wehelpagrandparentevenwhenitisinconvenient.Weacquirewhatwecallasenseofrightandwrong.Socialbenefitsareaccompaniedbysocialdemands:wemustgetalong,butnotputupwithtoomuch.Henceself-disciplineisadvantageous.Inhumans,agreatlyenlargedbrainboostsself-control,justasitboostsproblem-solvingskillsinthesocialaswellasthephysicalworld.Theseabilitiesarestrengthenedbyourcapacityforlanguage,whichallowssocialpracticestodevelopinextremelyunobviousways.32.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheformingoftheInuit’smoralcode?A.Livingconditionswerethedrive. B.Unwrittenruleswerethetarget.C.Socialtraditionwasthebasis. D.Honestywasthekey.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Inconveniencesarethecauseoftellinglies. B.Basichumanneedsleadtouniversalnorms.C.Languagecapacityislimitedbyself-control. D.Writtenlawshavegreatinfluenceonvirtues.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Virtues:BridgesAcrossCultures B.TheValuesofSelf-disciplineC.Brains:WallsAgainstChaos D.TheRootsofMorality第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性),isitbettertobeahedgehog(刺猬)orafox?AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.___35___Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the“hedgehogconcept”isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.___36___Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies.___37___PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethatfoxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.___38___Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon’tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.___39___Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.A.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforeach.B.Theyaremorelikelytorememberpeople’smistakes.C.Hence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandconfidence.D.Buttherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigthing.E.However,hedgehogsremainopentoothers’reactionsandinputs.F.Whensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon’ttreatitasexceptional.G.Theycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheirposition.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Growingup,Iidealisedindependence.Ialwayswantedmyowneffortstobeenough.WhenIdecidedtopursueapostgraduatedegree,Iwantedtodevelopanovelresearchprogrammeandquicklyestablishmyselfasanindependentscientist.ButIwasunrealisticallyoptimisticaboutwhatIcouldachieve.AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.Asaresult,thefirstfouryearsofmypostgraduatecareerweredefinedbyaseriesoffailures.Duringmysecondyear,Ifailedmycomprehensiveexambecausemyproposalwasunclear.Duringmythirdyear,Idiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcoulduseforexperiments.Bymyfourthyear,mydesperationtosucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.MyadviserandIdevised(想出)asomewhatunusualsolution:Iwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaborating(合作的)labtoobtainspecialisedtraining.Iworkedextensivelywithotherstudents,constantlyaskedquestions,andhelpedwithongoingprojectstolearneverythingIcould.Finally,Iconductedanelegantexperimentthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthemembersinthelab.Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.Afewmonthslater,whenIrepeatedtheexperimentinmyhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.Bylearningwhentoaskforhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaytobecominganindependentscientist.40.Inthebeginning,whatdrovetheauthortopushforwardwiththeresearchplan?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whatwasthesolutionbytheadviserandtheauthorafterthoserepeatedfailures?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Theadviserconsideredtheauthor’sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced_______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Fromthisstory,whatcanyoulearnabout“independence”?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的外國好友Jim準(zhǔn)備給其校報的AsiaToday欄目投稿。得知今年新中國成立75周年，他打算重點介紹中國的發(fā)展成就，發(fā)來郵件詢問你的建議。請你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：(1)建議投稿內(nèi)容；(2)就以上建議簡要說明理由。注意：(1)詞數(shù)100左右；(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生高考真題全國統(tǒng)一考試(北京卷)英語第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。【1~10題答案】【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.D7.B8.A9.C10.D第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共1