08選擇性必修三Unit5語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)（原卷版）

08選擇性必修三Unit5語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法精講精練定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)一、復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句I.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.常用的關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))。2.意義及作用：成分代替人代替物主語(yǔ)who/thatthat/which賓語(yǔ)whom/who/that(可省略)that/which(可省略)定語(yǔ)whose/ofwhomwhose/ofwhich(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.這里有一些方法可以幫你找到正確的方向。(that在從句中作主語(yǔ))Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是那個(gè)想見(jiàn)你的男人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))Heistheman(whom/that/who)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that/who在從句中作賓語(yǔ))Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.你拿的那個(gè)包裹快要散開(kāi)了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))Thegirlwhoseparentsarebothteachersisworkinghard.這個(gè)父母都是教師的女孩學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦。(whose在從句中作定語(yǔ))3.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為事或物時(shí)，只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的情況：(1)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書(shū)店出售的最有趣的書(shū)之一。(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們應(yīng)該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)食物。(3)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如all,few,little,much,anything,nothing,something等。Nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesn’tinfluencehisstudents.老師所做的事情沒(méi)有不影響到學(xué)生的。(4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你剛才談到的那位作家以及他的小說(shuō)確實(shí)很出名。(5)先行詞被only,thevery,no,oneof等修飾時(shí)。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我不只是丟了一條項(xiàng)鏈。(6)在由which,who,whom引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句中，為避免重復(fù)，常用that。Whichisthemoviethatyoulikebest?哪部電影是你最喜歡的？(7)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)宜用that。Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.中國(guó)再也不是原來(lái)的那個(gè)國(guó)家了。4.只能用which而不能用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示事物意義，并且在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么就只能用which。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.我們生活的世界是由物質(zhì)組成的。(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞表示事物意義時(shí)，只能用which。Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太陽(yáng)給予大地?zé)崃?，這就使植物的生長(zhǎng)成為可能。5.只能用who而不能用that的情況：(1)先行詞是one,ones,anyone,those或被those修飾，指人時(shí)，只用who引導(dǎo)。Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.不努力工作的人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功。(2)在Therebe...句型中，先行詞為人時(shí)。Thereisaradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.外面有個(gè)同志要見(jiàn)你。(3)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞指人時(shí)。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustefromAmerica.我在街上遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)剛從美國(guó)來(lái)的朋友。【即學(xué)即練1】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Theprofessor__________taughtmechemistryin1980didtheresearch.②Thisistheboy__________fatherdiedthreeyearsago.③Thefilm__________wesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.④Theyworkinafactory__________makesradioparts.⑤Thisisthevisionphonethrough__________wecanseeandtalktoourfriends.⑥Those__________wanttogototheputerroomwriteyournameshere.⑦Whoistheperson__________isstandingatthegate?⑧Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools__________hehadvisited.II.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.但就像所有的表演一樣，也會(huì)有出錯(cuò)的時(shí)候。Thisisthevillagewhereweworkedtenyearsago.這就是十年前我們工作過(guò)的那個(gè)村莊。Doyouknowthereasonwhyheisabsent?你知道他缺席的原因嗎？【名師點(diǎn)津】關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的易混點(diǎn)：若先行詞為一些表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，如situation,point,stage,position,part,condition,case等，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，則常用關(guān)系副詞where或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)。Ihaveetothepointwhere/atwhichIcan’tstandhim.我已經(jīng)到了無(wú)法容忍他的地步。He’sgotintothesituationwhere/inwhichheisindebt.他已經(jīng)陷入負(fù)債累累的境地。Atlasthegottheposition(that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最終得到了他夢(mèng)寐以求的那個(gè)職位?！炯磳W(xué)即練2】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Thisisthecase__________he’shadallhismoneystolen.②Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint__________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.③ThereareseveralresearchcentresinChina__________acertaindiseasecalledbirdfluisbeingstudied.④Thetimeisnotfaraway__________modernmunicationswillbeewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.⑤Canyouhelpmetothinkofareason__________seemsreasonableformybeingabsent?III.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成用法名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞/形容詞的最高級(jí)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞數(shù)詞還可以被some,many,most,each等不定代詞替換介詞(短語(yǔ))＋關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關(guān)系副詞互換介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞關(guān)系代詞常用which和whoseRecently,Iboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryhigh.最近，我買(mǎi)了一個(gè)古代的花瓶，它的價(jià)格很高。Hehastencousins,theyoungestofwhomisveryclever.他有十個(gè)表兄弟，最小的那個(gè)很聰明。Wearelookingforthepersontowhomthebookbelongs.我們正在尋找這本書(shū)的主人。Thereisabigwindowinmyroom,fromwhichIcanseetherailwaystation.我的房間里有一個(gè)大窗戶(hù)，透過(guò)它我可以看到火車(chē)站。Lilymightpossiblye,inwhichcaseI’llaskher.莉莉可能會(huì)來(lái)，要是那樣的話(huà)我就去問(wèn)她。【名師點(diǎn)津】關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一看先行詞，二看動(dòng)詞，三看意義。(1)一看先行詞，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我來(lái)這所學(xué)校的那一天。(2)二看動(dòng)詞，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3,000yuan.這就是我花了三千元買(mǎi)的蘋(píng)果平板電腦。(3)三看意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。ThisismypairofglasseswithoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.這就是我的那副眼鏡，沒(méi)有它我看不清楚。【即學(xué)即練3】用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)填空①100℃isthetemperature__________waterwillboil.②Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy__________wemayreturninthenearfuture.③Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecity__________shegrewup.④Theyhavefourchildren,thedaughter__________isworkinginthatbigpanynow.⑤Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,none__________hasbeenproved.⑥Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalf__________werepublishedinthe1990s.IV.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別whichas先行詞先行詞可以是一個(gè)名詞，也可以是一個(gè)句子先行詞只能是句子位置只能放在先行詞的后面位置靈活，可置于句首、句中、也可置于句末搭配無(wú)動(dòng)詞的限制謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如see,hear,know,expect,remember等詞意表示“這一點(diǎn)；這件事”表示“正如……；正像……那樣”Hisworkisprogressingsmoothly,asweexpected.正如我們所預(yù)期的那樣，他的工作正在順利地進(jìn)展。Hefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.他試驗(yàn)失敗了，這是沒(méi)有料到的。Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.正如大家所知，紙最早被中國(guó)發(fā)明。【即學(xué)即練4】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.②Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.③Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.④“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.二、單句語(yǔ)法填空：1.Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic,mostof__________wasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.2.Intoday’spetitiveeconomy__________everyoneistryingtodomorewithless,you’vegottofigureoutawaytoprofitfromtheverybeginning.3.BillGates,for__________moneyisn’taproblem,stilllivesaverysimplelifenow.4.Thereason__________heexplainedtouswasthathehadn’treaditbefore.5.Thisisthepilotwith__________mybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.6.Atthatmomentanattractiveyounglady__________noticedmybookcameuptome.7.Long,longago,theKingoftheSkieshadalovelydaughter,to__________hemademanycarefulplansforherfuture.8.Shecreatedacharityinmemoryofhergrandmother,__________passedawayfromAlzheimer’sdisease.9.Thevalleyincludingamuseumclaimstobetheonlyplace__________visitorscansafelyobservewildAsianelephants.10.AccordingtoastudypublishedintheUKrecently,those__________likejogginganddothiskindofexerciseregularlyforatleastonehouraweekhaveveryhighchancestolivealongerlife.11.Astheweathergetswarmerandtheairbeesdrier,peopletendtofeeltheirmouthsandtonguesaredry,__________cancausecoldsorcoughs.12.TheCrescentSpring,__________beautyattractstouristsfromhomeandabroad,hasbeearomanticparadiseforvisitors.13.Whileit’swonderfulforpeople__________wanttoseewhatthesemuseumsofferandteachthem,it’snotalwaysthebestforthemuseumsfacingincreasinghardshipsintermsofFunding.14.TaiChiChuan,__________isfamousasakindofmartialart,hasbeenpracticedChinaforcenturies.15.The2020SummerOlympics,__________wereplannedforthissummerinTokyo,havebeenformallyputoffuntil2021becauseofCOVID19.16.InAug2019,Liangwonthegoldmedalatthe45thWorldSkillspetitioninElectronicsinKazan,Russia,__________isthebiggestvocationaleducationandskillsexcellenceeventintheworld,organizedeverysecondyearbytheWorldSkillsInternationalwithanaimtoshowtheskillsandpromotecareerofyouth.17.Still,whenyoustartyourjourneyofpositivethinking,youshallmeetwonderfulnewpeople,with__________youcansharepositiveattitude.18.Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry,__________hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.19.ItmarkedthesuccessfulconclusionofChina’scurrentthreesteplunarexplorationprogramoforbitingandlanding,andbringingbacksamples,__________beganin2004.20.Intoday’sworldglobal__________warmingisaseriousissue,thebicycleisaperfectwayofreducingourcarbonfootprint.21.Therisingnumberofwildbirdsinthereservehasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,evenoutsidethereserve,__________areabletospotorientalstorks(東方白鶴)andotherwildbirds.22.TheUniversityofVirginiaresearchers__________ranthestudyfollowed169subjectsaged15to25everyyearforadecade.23.Originallytheleaveswerebakedintoabrick,apartof__________couldbebrokenoffandmadeintoapowder.24.Thesample,__________includes1,700gramsoflunarrocksandsoil,islargerthanpreviousones.25.PassengersnowcantravelfromBeijing’scentertoXionganNewAreawithin50minutes,thankstotheBeijingXiongIntercityRailway,__________wasofficiallyputintouseonSunday,asignificantstepinboostingtheBeijingTianjinHebeicitycluster.26.Whileflyingthroughthewind,itproducedsoundlikethemusicproducedbyguzheng,__________isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.27.Learnhowtomakeuseofeyecontactandotherbodylanguageflexiblysothatyouareperceivedtobepolite,andsothatyoucanbetterconnectwithpeople__________areforeigntoyou!28.Thetablesquicklyturnedforan89yearoldpizzadeliverydriver__________receivedasurprisedeliveryofhisownfrom“regulars”.29.Italsohelpsolderpassengersandthose__________needhelpwalkingthelastfewstepstotheboardinggate.savedmanypeople’slivesin2003.30.KatariaalsoofferbooksandDVDstopeople__________don’thaveaccesstoalocalLaughterClub.31.ThepoemimpliesthatLuXunwouldservethepeopleheartandsoulandwouldnevergiveintoenemies,__________fullyexpressesthepoet’sloyaltytothepeople.32.Hisbreakoutvideo,__________hisprocessofpaintingQitianDasheng(MonkeyKing)isshown,haswonmorethan408,000likes,makinghimpopularontheplatform.33.NowasaChineseinternational,Wuisworkinghardtoshowthat“thereareplayersinChina__________canshineinthebestleaguesintheworld”,hetoldGlobalTimes.34.ThemostfamousoftheseistheGreatRedSpot,__________issobigthatEarthcouldfitinsideit.35.AsGan’sfamegrew,theybegantosellfruitfromtheirfamilyorchard,__________soonfellshortofdemand.36.Youngadults__________havebeenexposedtoloudnoiseoveraperiodoftimemayhavesomehearinglosssymptoms.37.Hebecameinterestedintwotheories__________possiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.38.PractisingyogaorTaiChicanhelptokeepourbodiessupple,__________inturncanlowerjointpainandhelptoprotectusfrominjury.39.Theroaditselfhasalreadybeenpleted,andnowit’sonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(輸電網(wǎng)),__________isexpectedtobefinishedbytheendoftheyearalongsidethepletionoftheJinanExpressway’ssouthsection.40.GranddaughterGayleParks,31__________worksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.41.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________wasbeyondhiswildestdream.42.Itwasonthefarm__________weworkedthatIgottoknowher.wantedtobuyit.43.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases__________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.44.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof__________arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.45.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__________sightmattersmorethanhearing.46.Ifindteachingfunandchallenging,whichisajob__________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting47.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation__________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.48.__________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.49.Manychildren,__________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.50.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity__________namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.三、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace__________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife......2.(2023·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)III卷)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,__________livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.3.(2022·新高考全國(guó)I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies__________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.4.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,__________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.5.(2021·新高考全國(guó)II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany__________usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.6.(2020·新高考全國(guó)I卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__________openedin1759.7.(2020·全國(guó)I卷)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.8.(2020·新高考全國(guó)II卷)TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes__________aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.9.(2020·新高考全國(guó)III卷)InancientChinalivedanartist__________paintingswerealmostlifelike.10.(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9a.m.to5p.m.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,__________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.11.(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters__________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.12.(2019·浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth__________givesofflightinthedark.13.(2019·江蘇卷改編)Wehaveenteredintoanage__________dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.14.(2019·天津卷改編)Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.15.(2019·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.16.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.四、語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空：(1)Asafamousproductivepoet,LuYoufromtheSongDynasty1(write)morethan20,000poemsinhislifetime.Thereason2LuYoucouldwritesomuchpoetrywasthathewastalented,butmore3(important),healsolivedalonglife.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,helivedtobe85yearsold,the4(long)livingpoetintheSongDynasty.However,LuYouwasweakwhenhewasachild.LuYoujoinedthemilitaryas5adviserinhismiddleageandstartedtoexercisehisbodyandlearnmartialarts.Aftertrainingfortwoyears,LuYoucouldshootdownaflyingeagle6(use)abowandarrow,andheevenkilledatiger.Duringhislateryears,LuYoustartedthebodybuilding7(call)chosho,orshouts,alongandloudcry.Choshowasquitepopularinancient8(time),whichwasnotroaringorwhistling,buta9(skill)healthmethod.Whenancientpeopledidchosho,theyopenedtheirbody,breathedindeepandthenbreathedoutinrhyme.Choshocanrelaxyourbodyandputyouinagoodmood.10LuYou,choshohelpedhimgetridofdiseasesandmedicine.(2)DuFu:China’sGreatestPoet,aBBConehourdocumentary,waslaunchedonApril6thisyear.ItwasthefirsttimethatDu’slife1(put)inaglobalcontext.FortheChinese,Du,2styleofpoetryiscalledrealism,ismorethanapoet;hehasbeentheguardianofthemoralofthenation.TheBBCgavegreat3(recognise)totheworksofDuforhisunique4(way)toexpresshisconcernforhiscountryandpeople.ToexplorehislifeanddiscoverwhatthepoetmeanstoChinaandtheChinesepeople,thefilmcrewhadan5(extreme)toughtimetrackingthefootstepsoftheeighthcenturypoet.6Du’spoemsweremostlywritteninplainandsimplelanguage,theyarenotaneasywatchformanyforeigners.Tohelpoverseasaudiencesmakesenseofthepoet’sgreatachievementsinliterature,Duispared7Shakespeareinthisdocumentary.Also,theprograminvitedMcKellen,8screenactorwhoplayedGandalfinTheLordoftheRingsmovies,9(read)15ofDu’spoemsthathadbeentranslatedintoEnglish.Withalltheseefforts10(make),foreignerscanbetterunderstandwhatmakesDu’sworkssospecial.(3)TheanimatedfilmChangAnhasbeeasurprisehit,earning1impressive600millionyuanattheboxofficeoftheChinesemainlandwithinjusttendaysofitsrelease.Ithasappealedtoaudiencesofallages,who2(passionate)recitepoetryalongsidethecharactersonscreen,takingthemonafantasticjourney.ThisfilmnotonlyidentifieswiththeChinesepeoplebutalsoallowstheworld3(explore)therichtraditionofTangpoetryandthe“ChinesePoetryUniverse.”ThestorycentersaroundthedeepfriendshipbetweenpoetGaoShiandtheromanticpoetLiBaiofferingabrieflookintotheglorioushistoryoftheTangera,4isknownforitseconomicprosperityandculturaladvancement.The48Tangpoems5(feature)inthemoviepresentaviewofthemostexcellentpoetsofthattimeaswellastheirpoliticalambitionsandideals.Thesepoemstransportaudiences6desertstomistfilledregionsalongtheYangtzeRiver.ChangAnisundoubtedlyamasterpiecethatshowstheunique7(characteristic)ofChineseculturetotheworld.InChina,poetsandtheirpoems8(consider)nationaltreasures.Thesepoemsdescribenotonlythehistoricalchangesofadynasty,butalso9(people)understandingoftheworld.

Thefilmhasraisedtheaudiences’10(aware)andenhancedtheirloveandbeliefinChineseculture.(4)PercyShelley,anEnglishpoet,wasbornonAugust4th,1792.Heis1(wide)knownasoneofthemostimportant2(figure)ofthe