2022年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及參考答案

2022年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及參考答案完整版

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)試卷采用多題多卷的形式，大家核對(duì)答案時(shí),找出具體選項(xiàng)，忽略套數(shù)。

News1

(01)TheWorldPipeBandChampionshipswilltakeplaceinGlasgowonSaturday.Over

120oftheworld，sbestpipebandswillcompeteattheChampship.Over4,000pipers

anddrummersareexpectedtodescendonthecityfortheannualevent.Itwilltake

placeattheSt.JamesplayingfieldsinGlasgowonSaturday18Mayfrom10:00am

until7:00pm.Theeventisfree.Also,afreeshuttlebuswillrunbetweenthe

eventcarparksandthecompetitionsite.Shuttlebuseswillrunevery15minutes

from8:00amuntil8:00pm.(02)GlasgowCityCouncilsaysitisestimatedtobring

300,000poundstothelocaleconomy.ThefirstWorldPipeBandchampionshipswere

heldinEdinburghin1947.TheeventfirsttookplaceinGlasgowin1948.Ithas

beenheldregularlyinGlasgowsince1986.

QI.WhateventwilltakeplaceinGlasgow?

A)Asportscompetition.

B)Ayearlyconcert

C)Afreecarshow.

D)Apipebandcontest.

KEYS：

D)Apipebandcontest.

Q2.WhatdoesGlasgowCityCouncilsaytheeventwilldo?

A)ImprovetheimageofGlasgowcity.

B)EnrichthelocalcultureofGlasgow.

C)Contributealottothelocaleconomy

D)Entertainpeopleinlocalcommunities.

KEYS：

C)Contributealottothelocaleconomy.

News2

Summerdoesn，tbeginfortwomoredays,butscientistsarealreadysoundingthealarm

(03)aboutdangerousicemeltsgoingonrightnowinGreenland,thevastisland

usuallylocksawayenoughfreshwaterinitsicesheet,whichifmelted,canraise

globalsealevelsbysixmeters.Andresearchshowsthatinrecentyears,itsice

hasmeltedfasterthaneverbefore.ThismonthastemperaturesinNorthwestern

Greenlandapproach,alltimehighs,researchersareencounteringunusual,

surprisinglevelsofmeltingiceintheregion.Themostsignificantconcernhere

ishowearlythisisallhappening.Greenlandexperiences,annualicemeltandgrowth

cycles.Butthisyear,themeltingseasonbeganintheearlyMay.(04)That，samonth

earlierthannormal,andsomethingthat'shappenedonlyoncebeforeinthehistorical

recordin2016.Thatmeansthatnotonlyistheicemeltingveryfast,ithasmore

timetomeltthissummerthanitwouldinanormalclimatesystem.Longermeltseasons

likethisoneseemtoleadtomuchgreatercontributionstosealevelrisethanin

previousdecades.

Q3.Whatisscientistswarninginthenewsreport?

A)Surprisingriseinglobalsealevels

B)DangerousicemeltsinGreenland

C)Changingweatherpatternsinsummer.

D)RecordgrowthofGreenland'sicesheets.

KEYS:

B)DangerousicemeltsinGreenland.

Q4.Whatdowelearnaboutthisyear*sicemeltingseasoninGreenland?

A)ItbeganinlateMay.

B)Itlastedthreemonths.

C)Itstartedamonthearlierthanusual.

D)Itendedamonthearlierthanbefore.

KEYS:

C)Itstartedamonthearlierthanusual.

News3

TurninguponthestreetsofBlackHallCollaryinNorthernEngland,accordingto

police,(05)residentsofthevillagehavebeencomingacrossbundlesof20pound

notes,usuallyworth2000poundsintheformerminingvillageinCountyDurham.The

latestdiscoverywasonMonday,meaningfourofthesecashbundleshavebeenhanded

inthisyearand13since2014.Thebundlesareusuallyleftinplainsightandhave

beenscatteredacrossthesmallcoastalvillage.Theownerhastwoweekstocollect

thecash,whichisthenreturnedtothefinder,ifnotclaimed,accordingtoPeter

LeePolice,DurhamPolicespokesperson(06)saidthemoneyhasbeenreturnedtothe

luckyfindersinallcasesexceptyesterday.PolicemanJohnForstersaidina

statementthecircumstancesremainamystery,sowewouldwelcomeanyinformation

thatwillhelpusgettothebottomoftheserandomincidents.HetoldtheNorthern

Echo,itisn，tanaffluentpartoftheworld.Soforthemtofindcashofthatamount

andinstantlythinkabouttakingittothepolicestations,(07)showsthecommunity

spirit.

Q5.WhathappenedonthestreetsofBlackHallCollary?

A)Bundlesof￡20noteskepttuningup.

B)Avillagerwassearchingforhislostcash.

C)Localpolicemencameacrossbundlesof￡20notes

D)Abundlecontainingthousandsofpoundsgotstolen

KEYS：

A)Bundlesof￡20noteskepttuningup.

Q6.Whatdidthelocalpolicedowiththemoney,ifnotclaimedintwoweeks?

A)Theygiveittocharity,

B)Theyreturnittothefinder.

C)Theyhanditovertothelocalgovernment.

D)TheyplaceanoticeinTheNorthernEcho.

KEYS：

B)Theyreturnittothefinder.

Q7.WhatdidthepolicemanJohnForrestersayaboutthevillagers?

A)Theycooperatedwellwiththepolice.

C)Theywerepuzzledbythemystery.

B)Theyenjoyedafairlyaffluentlife

D)Theyhadastrongcommunityspirit.

KEYS：

D)Theyhadastrongcommunityspiriti.

Conversation1

W:It'syourbirthdaynextweek.Whathaveyougotplanned?

M:rmnotsure.(08)Ioftenfeelstrangeonmybirthday.It'slikemybraindecides

tohaveacrisis.

W:It'snotentirelyunusualtofeelanxiousorsadaroundyourbirthday.Birthdays

cantapintoalotofthingspeopleworryabout,includingtheirachievementsin

lifeinthepastdecadeortheiraccomplishmentsofthepastyear.(09)Manybegin

tosearchforthemeaningoftheirexistenceleadingtobehaviorssuchasending

orstartingarelationshiporplanslikestartingavigorousdietorfitnessprogram.

M:(10)IhavewonderfulfriendsandIlovecelebratingtheirbirthdays,butIdon，t

likebeingthecenterofattention,receivinggiftsandhavingafussmade.

Itseemstotriggeratypeofsocialanxiety.Ithinksocialmediatoocanintensify

thingsasbirthdaysnowplayoutmorepublicly.Birthdayreminderscanbehelpful,

butIkindofworryIwon，tbeabletodrumupmyowndayandshowittolookas

excitingasitissupposedtobe.

W:Well,todealwiththebirthdayblues,youshouldnotisolateyourself.

It'sbesttograduallyfaceyourbirthdaywithpeopleyoutrustthatwouldhelpyou

learnself-acceptanceorthatit'sokaytobethefocus.

M:Perhaps,orIcouldperceivemybirthdayasanopportunitytodosomethingfor

others.Likeaskingpeopletomakeadonationinsteadofbuyingagift.

W:(11)Exactly.Orevensimplyseeyourbirthdayasanopportunitytobringpeople

togetherforthemtohavefun.

Q8.Howdoesthemanoftenfeelonhisbirthday?

A)Excited.

C)Indifferent.

B)Delighted.

D)Strange.

KEYS:D)Strange

Q9.Whatdoesthewomansaymanypeopletendtodoontheirbirthday?

A)Searchforthemeaningoftheirlife.

C)Callontheirrelativesandfriends.

B)Lookbackontheiryearsatschool.

D)Talkaboutfutureplanswithfriends.

KEYS:

A)Searchforthemeaningoftheirlife.

Q10.Whatdoesthemansayaboutbirthdaycelebrations?

A)Hepreferstohavethemshownonsocialmedia.

B)Helovesthembutdoesnotwanttomakeafuss.

C)Heenjoyscelebratingothers"birthdaysratherthanhisown.

D)llelooksforwardtoreceivingpresentsfromhisclosefriends.

KEYS:

C)Heenjoyscelebratingothers，birthdaysratherthanhisown.

Qll.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoabouthisbirthdaycelebrationatthe

endoftheconversation?

A)Holditonamodestscaletoremovebirthdayanxieties.

B)Viewitasachanceforpeopletosocializeandhavefun.

C)Extendinvitationtothosehetrustsmost

D)Makeitanoccasiontocollectdonations.

KEYS:

B)Viewitasachanceforpeopletosocializeandhavefun.

Conversation2

W:Themetrowasabsolutelyterriblethismorning.

M:Oh,wasthereadelay?

W:No,butthetrainwassopackedthatIcouldbarelymove,anditwasdifficult

tobreathetoo.Ateverystation,morepeoplesqueezedinandIgotpushedfurther

andfurtherinside.WhenIgottomystation,Icouldhardlygetout.OnceIdid

getout,(12)Iwastotallyexhausted.

M:Thatsoundslikeanightmare.Whydidn'tyoutakethebus?

W:Thebustakestwiceaslongandit'sjustascrowded.

M:Well,what'sthealternative?Haven，tyougotacar?

W:rvegotadriver'slicense,butthat'sall.(13)I'msavinguptobuysomething

reasonablysmallandcute,butit'sstillabitexpensiveformeandit'11takea

whilebeforeIhaveenoughmoney.

M:Haveyouthoughtaboutgettinganelectricmotorbike?

W:Iconsideredthatforamaybeaminute.Buthonestly,(14)I'vejustseentoo

manyhorribleaccidentsinvolvingthosedangerousmonsters.

M:Whataboutthosepopularsharebikes?Youcouldregistertouseone.

W:Yeah,that'sapossibility.Therearealwaysseveralofthosebikesoutinfront

ofourapartmentcomplexes.

M:Oryoucouldjustwalktowork.

W:Well,it'sfivekilometersfromhometotheoffice.Butyou'vegivenmeathought.

Icouldtakeachangeofclothesandjogtowork.Butatthistimeofyear,theair

pollutionisarealproblem.

M：Ohyeah,Ididn，tthinkofthat.Getataxiifyoureallyhaveto.

W：Well,that'sanexpensivewaytogettowork.

M：Notifyouusearidesharingapp.(15)

W：Goodidea.I'11downloadoneimmediately.Thankyou.

Q12.Whatdoesthewomansayabouthersubway?

A)Itwasabsolutelyexhausting

C)Therewastoolongadelay.

B)Therewasaterriblesmell.

D)Shegotoffatthewrongstation.

KEYS:

A)Itwasabsolutelyexhausting.

Q13.Whyhasn，tthewomangotherowncar?

A)Shehasn，tsavedenoughmoney

B)Sheisworriedabouttraflicjams.

C)Shehasn，tpassedthedrivingtestyet.

D)Sheisusedtotakingpublictransport.

KEYS:

A)Shehasn，tsavedenoughmoney.

Q14.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutelectricmotorbikes?

A)Theyarepopular.

B)Theyaredangerous.

C)Theyareabitexpensiveforher.

D)Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly

KEYS:

B)Theyaredangerous.

Q15.Howwasthewomangoingtogettowork?

A)Bybus.

B)Byjogging.

C)Byrentingabike.

D)Bysharingaride.

KEYS:

D)Bysharingaride.

Passage1

(16)SteveMillerbeganhiscareerinIT.Backinthelate1980s,beingadeafperson

intechrequiredahugeamountofeffortandorganizationbecausetherewasnoemail

ortextmessageservice.Everythinghadtobedonefacetofaceorbytelephone.

Communicatinginmeetingswasverydifficult.Heneededasignlanguageinterpreter

foreverymeeting,butitwasahugeefforttocoordinate.

“Thesedays,althoughchallengesstillremain,it'sagoodtimetobeadeafperson

intech,“saysMillerOaduoy.(17)“Bigadvancesinspeechrecognitiontechnology

haveenabledcommunicationtoolstoturnlivespeechintotextinrealtimeonyour

smartphoneorlaptop,andsignlanguageintotextaswell.，z

Newtechcoupledwithimprovementsinhearingaid,technologyandmedicaladvances

meansthatMillerisabletofocusfarmoreonhiswork.

Hehasbenefitedtoagreatextentfromatinyhearingdeviceinhisear.Itgives

himadegreeofhearing,andhecanuseavarietyofcommunicationmethodsdepending

onthesituation.(18)Hecanemploylipreadingandhavemeetingsviavideoinstead

ofonthephone.Thesethingshavemadeahugedifference.Henolongerhastoworry

aboutwhetherornothecanunderstand.

Hecanjustconcentrateonhowinterestingthemeetingmightbeandwhatheneeds

togetoutofitinordertoprogress.

Q16.WhatdowelearnaboutSteveMiller?

A)Heisasignlanguageinterpreter.

B)HeisadeafpersonworkinginIT.

C)Hedoesn'tlikespeakingatmeetings,

D)Hedoesn，tuseemailortextmessages.

KEYS:

B)HeisadeafpersonworkinginIT.

Q17.WhatdoesMillersayismakingthingsbetterforpeoplelikehim?

A)Improvedcommunicationskills.

B)Speechrecognitiontechnology-

D)TransformationintheITindustry

C)Hecanunderstandwithease.

KEYS:

B)Speechrecognitiontechnology.

Q18.Inwhatway,canMillerbenefitfromattendingmeetingsviavideo?

A)Hecanavoidbeingmistaken.

B)Hecantakenotesonthespot.

C)Togetahugfromfamilymembers.

D)Hecanseethespeakers'images.

KEYS:

D)Hecanseethespeakers*images.

Passage2

Colorisnowspreadingthroughourhomes,upstaircasesacrosswoodframesand

ceilings,fillinginneutralspaces.Accordingtooneinteriordesignerwhenpeople

returnhome,(19)theywanttoseecolorsthatcheerthemupandgivethemahug.

Purewhitewallssimplydon'tdothat.Theydon'tlookafteryou.Anotherinterior

designercommentedthatcertaincombinationscankeyintosomethingonadeeperlevel,

transportingyoutoadifferentmomentintime.

That*sthepowerofcolor.

Ifyouarethinkingtodrycoloronsomeofyourneutralwalls,theadviceis

refreshinglysimple.Chooseacoloryouactuallylike.(20)Don，tgoforacolor

becauseit'sinfashion,oryou'veseenitinamagazine.Ifyou'rewaryoffull

color,testyourtolerancewithsmallerspacessuchastheinsideofacupboardor

abrightwindowframe,ifitgivesyoujoyeverytimeyouopenthecupboard,you

canstarttotakeitfurther.

(21)Onecanalsopaintthewoodenframeworksthesamecolorasthewalls.Helping

theroomslookbigger.Inthekitchen,paintingtheoverheadcupboardsandthewalls

inthesamecolorcanmakeitfeelmorespacious.Whilepaintingthekitchencounters,

aboldcolorcanmakeeverythingfeelmoreopenandlighter.Additionally,apainted

ceilingisamagicalthingwithoutbeingtooobviousandcanaffecthowthespace

feelsaswell.

Q19.Whatdopeoplewantuponreturninghomeaccordingtothepassage?

A)Tofindpurewhitewallsshining.

B)Toenterahousewelllookedafter.

C)Bigadvancesinsignlanguage.

D)Toseecheerfulcoloursallaround.

KEYS:

D)Toseecheerfulcolorsallaround.

Q20.Whatdoesthepassagesaypeopleshouldavoiddoinginhomedecoration?

A)Choosingacolourbecauseitisfashionable.

B)Paintingtheinterioroftheircupboards

C)Doingthepaintingjoballbythemselves.

D)Designingallwindowframesthesameway.

KEYS:

A)Choosingacolorbeitisfashinonable.

Q21.Whatcanonedotomakearoomlookbigger?

A)Fitmostofthecupboardsintowalls.

B)Hanglandscapepaintingsal1around.

C)Matchtheroom'sceilingwithallthefurnitureincolour.

D)Paintthewoodenframeworksandwallsthesamecolour

KEYS:

D)Paintthewoodenframeworksandwallsthesamecolor.

Passage3

Parentsoftenhearthat(22)readingtotheirchildreniscriticalforsupporting

development,andthemessageisgettingthroughtothem.

Infact,intheUnitedStates,alittleoverhalfofchildrenbetweentheagesof

3and5werereadtoeverydayin2007.

And83%ofchildreninthatagegroupinthesamecountry

werereadtothreeormoretimesperweekbyafamilymemberin2012.

Thisisgoodnewsbecausereadingtoyoungchildrenhelpstheirlanguageandbrain

development.

Infact,recentresearchhasfoundthatboth(23)thequalityandquantityofshared

bookreadingandinfancypredictedlaterchildhoodvocabularyandreadingskills

Oaduoy.

Inotherwords,themoretimeparentsspendreading,thegreaterthedevelopmental

benefitsintheirfour-year-oldchildren.

Thisisanimportantfinding,butdoesitmatterwhatbooksparentsread?

Anewstudyhasinvestigatedthisquestion.Itfollowedinfantsacrossthesecond

6monthsoflifeandfoundthatwhenparentsshowedbabiesbooksthat(24)hadfaces

orobjectswithspecificlabel,theylearnedmore.

Thisisincontrasttobooksthatdidnotnameimagesorbooksthathadthesame

labelundereachimage.Booksthatnameddifferentcharactersalsopromotedgreater

learning.

Sowhatdoesthismeanforparents?

Notallbooksarecreatedequal,soparentsneedtochoosethebookstheysharewith

theirchildrenwithgreatcare.

Q22.Whatdoesthepassagesayparentsincreasinglyunderstand?

A)Childrenmustreadatleast3timesaweek.

B)Readingisahabiteverychildcandevelop

C)Readingtotheirchildrenisimportant.

D)Childrenshouldstartreadingatage3.

KEYS:

C)Readingtotheirchildrenisimportant.

Q23.Whatcanpredictchildren，sreadingskillsaccordingtorecentresearch?

A)Thenumberofbookstheyhavereadbyagefour.

B)Thespeedoftheirbraindevelopmentininfancy.

C)Themumberandqualityofbooksparentsreadtothemininfancy.

D)Thequalityandquantityoftimeparentsspendplayingwiththem.

KEYS:

C)Thenumberandqualityofbooksparentsreadtothemininfancy.

Q24.Whatkindofbooksaresaidtohelpbabieslearnmore?

A)Bookswithspecificallylabeledimages.

B)Bookswithpicturesofdollsandtoys.

C)Booksdescribingthelivesofanimals.

D)Bookstellingveryinterestingstories.

KEYS:

A)Bookswithspecificallylabeledimaged.

Q25.Whatareparentsadvisedtodoattheendofthepassage?

A)Readasmanybooksaspossibletotheirchildren.

B)Choosecarefullywhattoreadtotheirchildren.

C)Shareexperiencewithotherparents.

D)Createpicturebooksfortheirchildren.

KEYS:

B)Choosecarefullywhattoreadtotheirchildren.

Partm(40minutes)

ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblasks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword

foreachblankframalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassageRead

thepassagethroughcargillybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebank

isidentfiedbyaleterPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon

Answersheet2witasingletinethroughthecentre,youmaynotuseanyofthewords

inthebankmorethanonce.

Parentingbringsfathersmorejoythanitdoesmothers,accordingtoanewstudy.

Theresearchexaminedthreestudies26morethan18,000participants.Acrossallthree,

parenthoodwas27withmorepositivewellbeingoutcomesfordadsthanformums.

Sowhyarefathershappierthanmothers?”Fathersmayfarebetterthanmothersin

partdutohowtheyspendtimewiththeirchildren,^saidleadauthorKatherine

Nelson-Coffey.Inonestudy,theauthors28thatdadsweremorelikelytotake

〃playing〃asan29activitybothwhencaringfortheirkidsandspendingtimewith

theirkids,*playingwiththeirchildrelikelyoffersparentsopportunitiesto

experiencepositivefeelingsand30closenesswittheirchildren,theysay

Fathersalsodidbetterthanmenwithoutkids,reportinggreaterhappiness,life

satisfaction,andfewer31symptomsTheyalsoreportedgreaterconnectednessand

autonomy(自主Formums32comparedtowomenwithoutchildren,theresultsweren't

quiteaspositiveMumsreportedgreaterautonomy,butalso"greatertrouble"and

fewerpositive33.

Mumsreportedhappiermoodswhileinteractingwiththeirkids,comparedtoother

experiences,butnotwhileengaging34inchildcare."Thisdifferencesuggeststhat

howmothersandfathersspendtimewiththeirchildrenmighthaveimportant35forthein

wellbeing,“theauthorswriteTheysuspectthatmumsmaybelesshappythandads

becausethey，remorelikelytohavehigherexpectationsaboutparenthood,Assuch,

they，remorelikelytobe"letdown“bytheexperience.

A)additional

I)implications

B)associated

J)interfered

C)composing

K)involving

D)cultivate

L)note

E)depressive

M)precisely

F)directly

N)superficial

G)emotions

0)therefore

H)however

第一套選詞填空答案

26.Kinvolving

27.Bassociated

28.Lnote

29.Aadditional

30.Dcultivate

31.Edepressive

32.Hhowever

33.Gemotions

34.Fdirectly

35.Iimplications

SectionB

Directions:ithissecionyouaregoingtoadapasraeeonsiementsanichedtot

Eachstatementcontainsinformtiongineinoeoftheperagraphsidentsshe

paragraphromwhichtheingomatoniderived!oumaychoaseaparagraphmorethanonce

EachparagraphismarkedwihaleterAnwmerthequestionsbymarkingthe

correspond!ingletteronAnswersheer2

Learningtosayno

[A]Notdoingsomethingwillalwaysbefasterthandoingit,Thisphilosophyapplies

inmanyareasoflifeForexample,thereisnomeetingthatgoesfasterthannothaving

ameetingaallThisisnottosayyoushouldneverattendanothermeeting,butthe

truthisthatwesa

〃yes〃totoomanythingswedon'tactuallywanttodo.

BHowofendopeopleaskyoutodosomethingandyoujustreply,"Sure.〃Threedays

lateryou，reoverwhelmedbyhowmuchisonyourtodolistwebecomefrustratedby

ourobligationseventhoughweweretheoneswhosaid〃yes〃totheminthefirst

place,Evenworse,peoplewilloccasionallyfighttodothingsthatwastetime.You

don'thavetodosomethingjustbecauseitexists.It'sworthaskingifthingsare

necessary.Manyofthemarenot,andasimplez，nowillbemoreproductivethanwhatever

workthemosteficientpersoncancopewith.Butifthebenefitsofsaying〃no〃are

soobvious,thenwhydowesay〃yes〃soofien?

[C]Wesay〃yes〃tomanyrequestsnotbecausewewanttodothem,butbecausewedon't

wan

tobeseenasrudeorunhelpful.Often,wehavetoconsidersaying〃no〃tosomeone

wewillinteractwithagaininthefutureourco-worker,ourspouse,ourfamilyand

friends.Saying"no”tooursuperiorsatworkcanbeparticularlydifficult.In

thesesituations,IliketheapproachrecommendedinEssentialismbyGregMeKeown.

Hewrites,“Remindyoursuperiorswhatyouwouldbeneglectingifyousaid'yes'and

forcethemtodealwiththetrade-off.Forexample,ifyourmanagercomestoyou

andasksyoutodoX,youcanrespondwithz，Yes,I'mhappytomakethisthepriority.

Whichoftheseotherprojectsshould1deprioritizetopayattentiontothisnew

project?”

[D]Collaboratingwithothersisanimportantelementoflife.Thethoughtof

strainingtherelationshipoutweighsthecommitmentofourtimeandenergy.Forthis

reason,itcanbohelpfultobegraciousinyourresponse.Dowhateverfavorsyou

can,andbewarm-heartec

anddirectwhenyouhavetosayno.Btevenaferwehaveaccountedforthesesociah

onsderationsayofusstlseemtodoapoorjosofmanitingthetadeofbetweenyes

andnoWefindourselvesovercomnittedtothingsthatdon，tmcuningfullyimproveoe

suppothosesroundus,andcerainlydon，timproveourownlives.

hottElPerhapsneissueishowwethinkaboutthemeaningofyesandno.Thewords

〃yes〃andgetsoofrenusedincomparisonwitheachoterthatitfeelslikethey

carryequalweighinconvesaion.inrealitythey，renotjustoppositeinmeaning,but

ofentirelyditerentmagnitudesincommitmentWhenyousay〃no〃，you，reonlysaying

〃no〃tooneoptionWhenyousay〃yes〃youressying〃no〃toeveryatheroption,Ilike

howcconominTimHarfordputitz，Everytimewesayz，yes,toarequest,we'realsosaying

〃no〃toanythingelsewemightaccomplishwiththetime."Onceyou，recommittedto

something,you*vealreadydecidedhowthatfutureblockoftimewillbespentinother

words,saying〃no〃savesyoutimeinthefature.Saying〃yes〃costsyoutimeinthe

future.”No〃isaformoftimecredi.ouretaintheabilitytospendyourfuture

timehoweveryouwant.*YesisaformoftimdebtYouhavetopaybackyourcommitment

atsomepoint.

[F]"No"isadecision."Yes〃isaresponsibility.Saying〃no〃issometimesseenas

aluxurythat

onlythoseinpowercanafford.Anditstrue:turningdownopportunitiesiseasier

whenyoucanfallbackonthesafetynetprovidedbypowermoney,andauthorityBut

it'salsotruethatsaying“no〃isnotmerelyaprivilegereservedforthesuccessful,

it'salsoastrategythatanhelpyoubecomesuccessful.Saying〃no〃isanimportant

skilltodevelopatanystagecyourcareerbecauseitretainsthemostimportant

assetinlife:yourtime.AsinvestorPedroSorrentinoputit,“Ifyoudon,tguard

yourtime,peoplewillstealitfromyou."Youneedtosay"no"towhateverisn't

leadingyoutowardyourgoals.

[G]NobodyembodiedthisideabetterthanSteveJobs,whosaid,“Peoplethinkfocus

meanssaying，，yes，tothethingyou，vegottofocusonButthat'snotwhatitmeansat

allItmeanssaying"no'tothehundredothergoodideasthatthereare.Youhavetopick

carefully/zJobshadanothergreatquoteaboutsaying"no〃：'Tmactuallyasproud

ofthethingswehaven，tdoneasthethingsIhavedone.Innovationissaying〃no'to

1,000things.

[H]Overtime,asyoucontinuetoimproveandsucceed,yourstrategyneedstochange.

Theopportunitycostofyourtimeincreasesasyoubecomemoresuccessful.Atfirst,

youjusteliminatetheobviousdistractionsandexploretherest.Asyourskills

improveandyoulearntoseparatewhatworksfromwhatdoesn，t,youhaveto

continuallyincreaseyourthresholdforsaying“yes〃Youstillneedtosay“no”to

distractions,butyoualsoneedtolearntosay“no〃toopportunitiesthatwere

previouslygoodusesoftime,soyoucanmakespaceforbetterusesoftime.It's

agoodproblemtohave,butitcanbeatoughskilltomaster.

Whatistrueaboutheaithaotrueaboutpooductivity:anounceofprevertionisworth

apoundofcureMoreefforiswasteddoingthingsthatdon'tmatterthaniswasted

doingthingsineicientlyAndifthatisthecase,eliminationisamoreasefulskil

tharoptimization.ImremindedofthefamousPeterDruckerquote,“Thereisnothing

souselessdoingeficientlythatwhichshouldnotbedoneatall.

36.Peopleoftengrantarequestjustbeouusetheywanttoappearpoliteandhelprul,

37.snoeasyjobleaningtosay〃notoopportunitiesthatwereonceconsideredwort

grasping

38.Whenyoudeclinearequest,youaresavingyourfuturetime.

39.Peoplesometimesstruggletodothingsthataresimplyawasteoftime.

40.Doingeficientlywhatisnotworthdoingisthemostuselesseffort.

41.lisespeciallydificultforpeopletodeclinetodowhattheirsuperiorsaskthem

todo.

42.Peopleagreetodotoomanythingstheyareinfactunwillingtodo.

43.Accordingtoonefamousentrepreneur,innovationmeansrefusaltodoanenormous

numbeofthing