2023考博英語模擬63(考卷附答案)

2012考博英語模擬63（考卷）一、閱讀理解（每題2分，共40分）SectionADirections:Inthissection,therearefourpassagesfollowedquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:OneofthemainreasonsfortheriseincybercrimeistheanonymityprovidedtheInternet.Criminalscanhidetheiridentitiesbehindfakeonlineprofilesanduseencryptiontechniquestocovertheirtracks.Thismakesitdifficultforlawenforcementagenciestocatchthem.AnotherfactorcontributingtothegrowthofcybercrimeisthelackofawarenessamongInternetusers.ManypeoplearenotawareoftherisksassociatedwithusingtheInternetandfailtotakenecessaryprecautions.Forexample,theymayuseweakpasswordsorfallforphishingscams.1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?B.TheInternethasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.C.CybercrimeisaseriousproblemontheInternet.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaformofcybercrime?B.Stealingpersonalinformation.C.Identitytheft.D.Distributinglegalmaterials.3.Whyisitdifficulttocatchcybercriminals?A.Theyarehighlyskilled.B.Theycanhidetheiridentitiesonline.C.Theyuseencryptiontechniques.D.Alloftheabove.4.WhatisthelackofawarenessamongInternetusers?A.TheyarenotawareoftherisksassociatedwithusingtheInternet.B.Theyknowhowtoprotectthemselvesonline.C.Theyusestrongpasswords.D.Theycaneasilyidentifyphishingscams.A.Improvingcybersecurity.B.EducatingInternetusersaboutonlinesafety.C.Strengtheninglawsandregulations.D.Alloftheabove.Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Climatechangeisoneofthemostpressingissuesfacingtheworldtoday.Itreferstolongtermchangesintemperature,precipitation,windpatterns,andotheraspectsoftheEarth'sclimatesystem.Theprimarycauseofclimatechangeistheincreaseingreenhousegases,suchascarbondioxideandmethane,intheatmosphere.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearefarreachingandincluderisingsealevels,moreextremeweatherevents,andthelossofbiodiversity.Thesechangesposesignificantriskstohumanhealth,foodsecurity,andwaterresources.Toaddressclimatechange,governmentsandorganizationsaroundtheworldareworkingtowardsreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtheadoptionofrenewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,andtheimplementationofenergyefficienttechnologies.However,somepeoplearguethatthecostsofmitigatingclimatechangearetoohighandthatitisnotfeasibletoachievesignificantreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.Theybelievethatadaptingtotheimpactsofclimatechangeisamorepracticalapproach.6.Whatisthemaincauseofclimatechange?A.Deforestation.B.Greenhousegases.C.Solarradiation.D.Volcaniceruptions.7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaconsequenceofclimatechange?A.Risingsealevels.B.Moreextremeweatherevents.C.Lossofbiodiversity.D.Improvedairquality.8.Whatistheprimarygoalofreducinggreenhousegasemissions?A.Topreventclimatechange.B.Toreducetheuseoffossilfuels.C.Topromoteeconomicgrowth.D.Toprotecthumanhealth.9.Whichofthefollowingisarenewableenergysource?A.Coal.B.Naturalgas.C.Solarpower.D.Nuclearpower.10.Whatisthealternativeapproachtomitigatingclimatechange?A.Adaptingtotheimpactsofclimatechange.B.Ignoringtheproblem.C.Continuingtousefossilfuels.D.Noneoftheabove.SectionB一、閱讀理解答案SectionA1.B2.D3.D4.A5.D6.B7.D8.A9.C10.ASectionB（答案略）1.理論基礎(chǔ)知識點分類（1）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全（2）氣候變化與環(huán)境保護（3）可再生能源與能源效率2.各題型知識點詳解及示例（1）閱讀理解考察學(xué)生的詞匯理解、長難句分析、邏輯推理和主旨大意把握能力。示例：第一篇文章主要討論互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的陰暗面——網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，學(xué)生需要通過細節(jié)理解、推理判斷和主旨大意把握，選出正確答案。（2）事實細節(jié)題考察學(xué)生對文章中具體事實和細節(jié)的捕捉能力。示例：第二篇文章中，問題7要求學(xué)生找出不是氣候變化后果的選項，正確答案為D（改善空氣質(zhì)量）。（3）推理判斷題考察學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行推理和判斷的能力。示例：第一篇文章中，問題3要求學(xué)生分析為什么難以抓捕網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子，正確答案為D（所有上述原因）。（4）主旨大意題考察學(xué)生對文章整體框架和主旨大意的把握能力。示例：第一篇文章中，問題1要求學(xué)生概括第一段的主要思想，正確答案為B（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)既有積極面也有消極面）。（5）詞義猜測題考察學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文理解生詞的能力。示例：（本題試卷未涉及，但為常見題型）三、各題型考察學(xué)生知識點示例（1）詞匯理解：通過閱讀文章，學(xué)生需要理解并正確使用詞匯，如“cybercrime”（網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪）、“greenhousegases”（溫室氣體）等。（2）長難句分析：學(xué)生需要分析并理