Unit+1+Back+to+school+Grammar+and+usage 高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊

Unit1BacktoschoolGrammarandusageApplyingtherulesMarkthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.Applyingtherules1.You

willfind

(seniorhigh)school

differentfrom(juniorhigh)school.2.(Your)schoolwork

willbe

morechallenging.3.We

willgive

you

(more)independence.4.You

shouldlisten

[morecarefully].5.You

canjoin

aclub.6.(Your)teachers

willhelp

you

[in(many)ways].7.You

willsucceed!ApplyingtherulesBelowaresometipsaboutsettinggoals.Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersintheboxes.aSV

cSVOeSVOCgSVOAbSVP

dSVOOfSVASettinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.(1)Thetipsbelowmayhelpyou.()Setgoalsthatcanbeachieved.Don'tpushyourselftoachievemorethanwhatispossible.Instead,youshouldsetgoalsbasedonyourabilitiesandskills.cApplyingtherulesBreakbiggoalsdownintosmallones.Whenyoudoso,(2)theywillseemeasiertoreach.()

Youwillbeproudofyourselfwhenyourealizeeachsmallgoal.(3)Thiswillalsogiveyoutheencouragementtoachieveyourlong-termgoal.()bdApplyingtherulesWriteyourgoalsonpaper.Itisagoodideatoputyourgoalswhereyoucanseethem.(4)Youcanplacethelistonyourbedsidetable.()

Oryoucanstickitonyourbedroomwall.Thiswillremindyouofwhatyouareworkingforandkeepyoufocused.gApplyingtherulesAfteryousetagoal,itisimportanttosticktoitandworkhardtowardsit.(5)Youmayfindachievinggoalsdifficult.()

But(6)youshouldnotgiveup.()

Instead,staypositiveandconfident.(7)Youwillsucceedintheend.()

eafApplyingtherulesWhatisyourgoalforthenewterm?Howareyou

goingtoachieveyourgoal?Writeaboutitusing

differentsentencestructures.IwilltrytoimprovemyEnglishinthenewterm.TherearealotofthingsIneedtodotoachievethisgoal.IwillreadtwoEnglishnovelsthisterm.Iwillalsotrytofindalanguagepartner.JoiningtheEnglishclubwillbehelpfultometoo.Allmyeffortswillpayoff!ExampleApplyingtherulesSpeakinginpublicconfidentlyremainsachallengetome.Ifinditdifficulttospeakinpublicconfidently.Mygoalforthenewtermistoimprovemycommunicationskills.Toachievethisgoal,Iwillencouragemyselftoaskandanswermorequestions.Joiningaclubalsoseemsagreatidea.Ithinkitcanoffermeagoodopportunitytomakenewfriendsandacquirenewskills.Besides,Iwillreadabookonhowtoimprovecommunicationskills.AlwaystryhardandIwillsucceed!SampleGrammar1.主語＋謂語（S+V）句中謂語為不及物動詞，不能接賓語，但能表達(dá)完整的意義。常見的不及物動詞(短語)有：rise,matter,begin,come,go,happen,appear,work,takeplace等。二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)GrammarIagree.Classbegins.Theylaughed.Thecarstopped.Thedooropened.Thecarwon'tstart.Theredsunisrising.Mrs.Blackandherchildrentalkedandlaughed.Grammar2.主語＋系動詞＋表語（S+P）句中動詞單獨(dú)作謂語時(shí)不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整意思。這類動詞叫作系動詞。Grammar常見的系動詞有：be,keep,remain,stay,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,become,go,come,turn,fall,seem,appear,hold,stand,prove,turnout等。GrammarTomlooksthin.Hebecameasinger.Maryseemspleased.Theflowerssmellsweet.Thebaby

fellasleepsoon.Somegirls

are

veryexcited.Myfather'shopeisthatIcangohomefrequently.Grammar3.主語＋謂語＋賓語（S+V+O）句中謂語為及物動詞或相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語動詞，都有實(shí)際意義，都是由主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但后面必須加一個(gè)賓語，即動作的承受者，才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。GrammarIliketakingrisks.Helivesahappylife.MysisterlikesEnglish.MyfatherteachesEnglish.Theyatewhatwasleftover.Headmittedthathemadeamistake.Themuseumhasanexcellentrestaurant.Weallknowthattheearthrunsaroundthesun.Grammar4.主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO）句中謂語可以跟兩個(gè)賓語。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后；有時(shí)也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，此時(shí)間接賓語前需加介詞for或to，構(gòu)成“主語＋及物動詞＋直接賓語＋to/for＋間接賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。Grammar間接賓語之前用介詞to的動詞有：give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,order等。間接賓語之前用介詞for的動詞有：buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。GrammarHe

gave

me

anapple.＝Hegaveanappletome.Givemethebook,please.＝Givethebooktome,please.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.＝Settinggoalsgivesafocustoyouinlife.GrammarMrSmith

lent

me

hiscar.

＝MrSmithlenthiscartome.He

offered

me

hisseat.＝Heofferedhisseattome.Fatherbought

me

abook.＝Fatherboughtabookforme.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.＝Shecookedadeliciousmealforherhusband.Grammar5.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語（S+V+O+C）句中謂語為及物動詞，有時(shí)只跟一個(gè)賓語不能表達(dá)完整的意思，需要用賓語補(bǔ)足語對賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語合稱為復(fù)合賓語。Grammar常見的能跟復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：keep,

make,let,have,leave,get,see,watch,hear,feel,smell,notice,

observe,find,catch,lookat,listento,ask,tell,order,request,permit,persuade,elect,imagine,start,appoint,call,believe,allow,cause,consider,expect,know,think,want,wish等。Grammar如何判斷一個(gè)及物動詞所跟的是雙賓語還是復(fù)合賓語？如果賓語與其后的成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂或主表關(guān)系，則該動詞接的是復(fù)合賓語，否則就是雙賓語。GrammarTheymadeherhappy.TheycalledhimJames.MomaskedTomtoleave.Wewillkeepthetableclean.Weconsidertheworkchallenging.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Shekeptuswaitingforheranswerforoveraweek.Grammar6.主語＋謂語＋狀語（S+V+A）句中謂語為不及物動詞，后面需要跟狀語對謂語動詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或限定。GrammarTheyworkhard.Jimrunsinthepark.Johnhasgonetobuybooks.Thechildrenstayedinroom.Allthestudentsarelisteningcarefully.Whenhermothercamein,shewassleeping.Robotcookswillappearinourfamiliesinthefuture．Grammar7.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（S+V+O+A）句中謂語為及物動詞，只跟賓語時(shí)，句意不完整，需要跟狀語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或限定。GrammarTheyputthedishhere.Theywanttogoatonce.Theyknowusverywell.Welikethefilmverymuch.Theyarereadingbooksinthelibrary.Themanraised

hisarmsabovehishead.Welookedatthegroupofpeopleinpanic.Janewasdoingherhomeworkat8:00lastnight.Grammar8.Therebe句型“Therebe句型”