上海市師范大學(xué)外國語中學(xué)2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期期中試題含解析

PAGEPAGE28上海市師范高校外國語中學(xué)2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）II.GrammarandVocabulary(20%)SectionA(10%每小題1分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwithproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.KazuoIshigurohasanumberofstringstohisbow,orratherbisguitar___1___62-year-oldisworldfamousasawriteroffiction,buthisearlydreamwastobeagreatsingerandsongwriter.HisfriendandformerpublisherRobertMcCrumrecallshim___2___(turn)upatthepublishinghouseFaberandFaberwithabunchofhisstoriesinonehandandeguitaroverhisshoulder.Itwashisstories___3___earnedhimthegreathonor.Ashisnameindicates,IshigurocomesfromaJapanesebackground,althoughhecametoBritainfromJapanattheageof5andisaBritaincitizenwhowritesinEnglish.He___4___(educate)attheUniversityofEastAnglia,aschoolthathasbecomeknownfortrainingwriters.Ishiguro'swritingishighlyrestrained.Hischaractersareoftenreluctanttoexpressthemselves,exceptinakindofcode.ThiscertainlygiveshiswritingaqualityincommonwiththatofJaneAusten,anauthortowhomheisoftencompared.ThebestexampleofthisishisnovelTheRemainsoftheDay,___5___(adapt)laterintoasuccessfulfilmwiththesamename.ThecentralcharacterofthebookisabutlercalledStevens.HeisanextremelyloyalservanttoanEnglishlord,andisacharacter___6___somemightcallrepressed(壓抑的).Heisnotwillingtoconfesshisfeelingstoanyone___7___hemissesouton(錯失)affectionandlove.ThestoryistoldbyStevensandhisstyleisaspoliteandunrevealingashisbehavior.Ofcoursewe___8___readbetweenthelinestouncoverthe“real”story,whichisn’tquitetheonethebutleristelling.Stevensfindsitchallenging___9___(communicate),andcommunicationisoftenathemeinIshiguro’snovels.Inhisauthor’ssenseoftheworld,thereisagapbetweenourfeelingsandourabilitytocommunicate____10____.TheNobelCommitteeemphasizedthisthemewhenittalkedaboutcommunicateIshiguro’swork.Thewriterhas,thecommitteeclaimed,“innovelsofgreatemotionalforce...uncoveredtheabyss(深淵)beneathourillusory(虛幻的)senseofconnectionwiththeworld.”【答案】1.The2.turning3.that4.waseducated5.adapted6.who/that7.sothat8.haveto9.tocommunicate10.them【解析】本文是說明。講解并描述了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎得主日裔英國作家石黑一雄以及他著名的作品小說《長日留痕》，他的作品風(fēng)格大多沉靜克制，但在安靜的表面下卻隱藏著巨大的情感力氣?！?題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：石黑一雄不只會寫作，他還有一手——彈吉他?，F(xiàn)年62歲的他是位著名遐邇的小說家。但他早年的幻想?yún)s是成為一位宏大的歌手和詞曲作家。依據(jù)語境，此處“特指62歲的（石黑一雄）”，用定冠詞the，置句首首字母大寫，故填The。【2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他的好友、前出版商羅伯特·麥克魯姆還記得當(dāng)時年輕的石黑背著一把吉他，手上拿著一疊他所寫的故事，出現(xiàn)在費伯出版社的情景。分析句子可知，turnup作賓語補足語，說明說明賓語him，二者之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填turning?！?題詳解】考查強調(diào)句型。句意：而正是這些故事讓他在兩周前獲得了諾貝爾獎的殊榮。hisstoriesearnedhimthegreathonor是完整的句子，故此句式強調(diào)句型，故填that。【4題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他在以培育作家著稱的東安格利亞高校接受了教化。分析句子可知，educate是謂語動詞，與主語he是被動關(guān)系，依據(jù)句意，受教化是過去的事情，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，且主語he是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填waseducated?！?題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：最好的一個例子便是他所著的小說《長日留痕》，后來也被勝利改編成了電影。分析句子可知，adapt作定語，修飾hisnovelTheRemainsoftheDay，二者之間是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語，故填adapted。【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他是一位英國貴族極盡忠誠的仆人，有人也會認(rèn)為這是個壓抑的角色。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾acharacter，從句中作賓語，指人，用關(guān)系代詞who或者that，故填who/that?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：他不情愿向任何人吐露自己的心聲結(jié)果他錯過了自己的愛戀。依據(jù)處引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，sothat“以便；因此”符合句意，故填sothat?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：當(dāng)然，我們須要在字里行間讀出“真正的”故事，而這與這位男管家所講解并描述的大相徑庭?？崭窈笫莿釉~原形，故空格處用情態(tài)動詞，依據(jù)句意，haveto“必需”符合句意，依據(jù)上下文語境，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故填haveto。【9題詳解】考查不定式。句意：史蒂文斯認(rèn)為溝通是種挑戰(zhàn)，而溝通也常是石黑一雄小說的主題。分析句子可知，it是形式賓語，communicate是真正的賓語，故用不定式形式，故填tocommunicate?！?0題詳解】考查代詞。句意：在這位作者的世界觀中，人們的情感和表達實力之間存在鴻溝。分析句子可知，空格處指代上文提到ourfeelings，作賓語用賓格，故填them。SectionB(10%每小題1分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassageandthesentencesbelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.bindB.exactC.intentlyD.coversE.alertF.instantlyG.remainsH.springsI.attackJ.identifyK.triggeredAntibodiesplayakeyroleintheimmunesystem.Theybegintheprocessofgettingridoftheinvadersthatmaycauseharmorinfection.Thislesson___11___howantibodiesworkandthedifferentkindsofantibodies.WhatAreAntibodies?Antibodies,alsoknownasimmunoglobulins,areY-shapedproteinsthatareproducedbytheimmunesystemtohelpstopintrudersfromharmingthebody.Whenanintruderentersthebody,theimmunesystem___12___intoaction.Theseinvaders,whicharecalledantigens(抗原),canbeviruses,bacteria,orotherchemicals.Whenanantigenisfoundinthebody,theimmunesystemwillcreateantibodiestomarktheantigenforthebodytodestroy.FunctionTheantibodiesactsortofliketheimmunesystem’sscouts.Theyfindantigens,sticktothem,and___13___fortheimmunesystemthe___14___typeofantigensothatitcanbedestroyed.Eachantibodyismadeforoneandonlyoneantigen,andit’sfittedwithspecialreceptorsthatwillonly___15___tothatantigen.Forinstance,aspecificantibodyiscreatedtohelpdestroythechickenpoxvirus.Onlythatparticularantibodywillattackachickenpoxvirus.HowAntibodiesFightAntigensSowhathappenswhenanantigentriestoenterthebody?Whenitdoes,theimmunesystemis___16___.Chemicalsignalsaresentto___17___allthedifferentpartsoftheimmunesystemintoaction.First,thevirusismetbyatypeofcellcalledBcells.TheBcellsareresponsibleforcreatingantibodiestomatchtheantigen.Remember,eachtypeofantibodymatchestoonlyoneantigen.AftertheBcellshavecreatedtheirantibodies,theantibodiessticktothevirus,markingitforthenextroundof___18___.Tcellsarethenorderedtoattacktheantigenthattheantibodieshavemarkedforit.Aftertheantigenhasbeendestroyed,thecleanupcrewcomesalong.Awaveofphagocyteslargecellsthatcanconsumeforeignmatter,eatsthe___19___oftheinfection.ImmunizationsAfteraninfectionisdefeated,theantibodiesstillremaininthebody.Theyarelefttheretowaitincasethatparticularantigenreturns.Immunizationstakeadvantageofthefactthatantibodiesremaininthebodyafteraninfectioniseradicated.Mostimmunizationsconsistofaweakordilutedformofanantigen-notenoughoftheantigentomakethepatientsick,butjustenoughtotriggerthecreationofantibodies.Thisway,thebodycan____20____attackanyformoftheinfectionitencounters,stoppingtheinfectionsbeforetheybegin.【答案】11.D12.H13.J14.B15.A16.K17.E18.I19.G20.F【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了抗體、抗體功能及其作用等?！?1題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這節(jié)課包括抗體是如何工作的以及不同種類的抗體。此處缺乏謂語動詞，動詞covers（包括、覆蓋）符合句意。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞。句意：當(dāng)入侵者進入人體時，免疫系統(tǒng)就會快速行動起來。此處缺乏謂語動詞，springinto（行動起來），動詞springs（躍、突然猛烈地移動）符合句意。故選H項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞。句意：他們找到抗原，粘住他們，為免疫系統(tǒng)識別出準(zhǔn)確的抗原類型，以便將其摧毀。此處缺乏謂語動詞，與and前面的謂語find和stickto并列，動詞identify（識別）符合句意。故選J項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們找到抗原，粘住他們，為免疫系統(tǒng)識別出準(zhǔn)確的抗原類型，以便將其摧毀。此處用形容詞作定語修飾名詞type，形容詞exact（準(zhǔn)確的）符合句意。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：每一種抗體都是針對一種抗原而制備的，它配備了只與抗原結(jié)合的特殊受體。助動詞will后接動詞原形，動詞bind（結(jié)合）符合句意。故選A項。16題詳解】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：一旦發(fā)生，免疫系統(tǒng)就會被觸發(fā)。此處缺乏謂語動詞，被動語態(tài)（bedone），此處用過去分詞，過去分詞triggered（觸發(fā)）符合句意。故選K項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞。句意：化學(xué)信號被發(fā)送來警告免疫系統(tǒng)的全部不同部分實行行動。此處是動詞不定式（todo），此處用動詞原形形式，動詞alert（向……報警）符合句意。故選E項。【18題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在B細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體后，抗體會粘附在病毒上，為下一輪攻擊做好打算。thenextroundof___8___名詞全部格，此處用名詞形式，名詞attack（攻擊）符合句意。故選I項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一波吞噬細(xì)胞能吞噬異物，吞噬感染殘余物。the___9___oftheinfection是名詞全部格，此處用名詞形式，名詞remains（剩余物、殘留物）符合句意。故選G項。【20題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這樣，身體可以馬上攻擊它遇到的任何形式的感染，在感染起先之前阻擋它們。此處用副詞作狀語修飾動詞attack，副詞instantly（馬上）符合句意。故選F項。III.ReadingComprehension(45%)SectionA(15%每小題1分)Thenextgenerationofartificialintelligence(AI)promisestohaveanimpactasbigasthemobilerevolutionortheinternetrevolution.Thepositiveopportunitybeforeusisvirtually___21___—butforAItomeetitsvastpotential,itwillrequiretheright___22___.AIisalreadyrevolutionizingourlives.Butthoughcomputerscanassistus,theyarenotlikeus.Ourhealthofexperiencegivesuscreativity—butitalsomakesusvulnerabletoaccumulating.Consciousandunconsciousbiases(偏見).___23___,AIsystemstodayreceivetheir“training”usingveryspecificcollectionsofrelevantdata.Thesedatasetscanbelargebutareinherentlymuchmore___24___thanhumanexperience.Thatcanbea(n)___25___—AIdoesnothavethecomplexemotionsthatguidehumandecisionmaking,soitcould___26___mostifnotalloftheseinherentbiases.BasedonpreviousworkinvolvedinAIresearch,webelievethatmakersofAIshould___27___thefollowingprinciples.First,AIshouldbenefitthemany,notthefew.Inpracticalterms,itispossibleforAItohelpthedoctorandthepatient,thebusinessandtheemployee.Asasociety,weshouldmakeuseofthis___28___andensurethatAIalwaysaimsforthecommongood.Second,AIresearchanddevelopmentshouldbeopen,responsibleandsocially___29___.AswecontinuedevelopingAI,newquestionswillcontinuetoarise,andwewillneedtoanswerthem____30____,includingeveryonefromengineersandscientiststophilosophersandactivists.Inparticular,thosewhoseindustrieswill____31____asresultofAIwillneedtobepartofthisglobalconversation.Third,thosewhodesignAIshouldestablishbestpracticestoavoidundesirableoutcomes.Isasystemdoingwhatweneed.Arewetrainingisusingtherightdata?Havewethoughtthroughthewayanysystemmightyield____32____sideeffects—anddowehaveaplantocorrectforthis?Thereshouldbechecksystemsthat____33____whetheranAIsystemisdoingwhatitwasbuilttodo.Wearebuildingtoolsthathumanscontrol.AIwillreflectthevaluesofthosewhobuildit.Ultimatelyour____34____forAIistogivepeoplemorechoicesabouthowtheylivetheirlives.Underourcontrol,itcantakethedrudgery（辛苦乏味的）outofworkandfreeupmanymorehoursforcreativepursuits.And____35____properlyandcooperatively,AIcouldhelpbringaboutsolutionstotheworld’smostcomplexproblems.21.A.limitless B.timeless C.tireless D.hopeless22.A.change B.conflict C.approach D.access23.A.Forexample B.Incontrast C.Asaresult D.Inaddition24.A.diverse B.restricted C.advanced D.unreliable25.A.aspect B.boom C.advantage D.downside26.A.way B.justify C.challenge D.avoid27.A.objectto B.stickto C.referto D.taketo28.A.potential B.benefit C.principles D.research29.A.attached B.engaged C.touched D.launched30.A.practically B.enthusiastically C.consciously D.cooperatively31.A.change B.depress C.relieve D.enrich32.A.unintended B.reasonable C.informative D.feasible33.A.release B.infer C.evaluate D.qualify34.A.likelihood B.dream C.challenge D.enthusiasm35.A.applied B.created C.demonstrated D.adapted【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.C26.D27.B28.A29.B30.D31.A32.A33.C34.B35.A【解析】這是一篇爭論文。文章講解并描述了，下一代人工智能（AI）有望產(chǎn)生與移動革命或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命一樣大的影響，為了更多地造福于多數(shù)人，人工智能制造者應(yīng)當(dāng)堅持一些原則?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們面前的主動機會事實上是無限的，但要讓人工智能發(fā)揮其巨大的潛力，它須要正確的方法。A.limitless無限制的；B.timeless永久的；C.tireless不覺疲憊的；D.hopeless無望的。由上文的“Thenextgenerationofartificialintelligence(AI)promisestohaveanimpactasbigasthemobilerevolutionortheinternetrevolution.”可知，下一代人工智能（AI）有望產(chǎn)生與移動革命或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命一樣大的影響，說明人工智能產(chǎn)生的影響將很巨大，其中蘊含的機會是無限的（暗指很多的機會）。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們面前的主動機會事實上是無限的，但要讓人工智能發(fā)揮其巨大的潛力，它須要正確的方法。A.change變更；B.conflict沖突；C.approach方法；D.access通道。由上文的“butforAItomeetitsvastpotential”可知，要發(fā)揮人工智能的巨大的潛力，人們須要對人工智能有正確的方法。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：相反，今日，人工智能系統(tǒng)接受他們的“訓(xùn)練”運用特別詳細(xì)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)集合。A.Forexample例如；B.Incontrast相反；C.Asaresult結(jié)果；D.Inaddition此外。由上下文語境可知，上文講“豐富的人類閱歷給人帶來的缺點，即人會有偏見”，下文講“人工智能沒有困難的心情/閱歷，幫人避開偏見”，上下文是相反的意思，用Incontrast。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些數(shù)據(jù)集可能很大，但本質(zhì)上比人類的閱歷更受限制。A.diverse多種多樣的；B.restricted受限制的；C.advanced先進的；D.unreliable不行靠的。由上文“AIsystemstodayreceivetheir“training”usingveryspecificcollectionsofrelevantdata.”可知，如今的人工智能系統(tǒng)通過特別詳細(xì)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集來接受“培訓(xùn)”，說明人工智能在閱歷上比人類更受限制。故選B項。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能是一個優(yōu)勢，人工智能沒有困難的心情來指導(dǎo)人類的決策，所以它可以避開大多數(shù)甚至全部這些固有的偏見。A.aspect方面；B.boom旺盛；C.advantage優(yōu)點、優(yōu)勢；D.downside缺點。由下文的“AIdoesnothavethecomplexemotionsthatguidehumandecisionmaking,soitcould___6___mostifnotalloftheseinherentbiases.”可知，人工智能沒有困難的心情/閱歷，從而幫人避開偏見，說明人工智能反而是一個優(yōu)勢。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能是一個優(yōu)勢，人工智能沒有困難的心情來指導(dǎo)人類的決策，所以它可以避開大多數(shù)甚至全部這些固有的偏見。A.way方式；B.justify證明……正確；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.avoid避開。由上文語境可知，豐富的人類閱歷會讓人會有偏見，而人工智能在閱歷上受限反而是一個優(yōu)勢，可推斷出沒有困難的心情來指導(dǎo)人類的決策，人工智能能避開很多偏見。故選D項。【27題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：基于以往人工智能探討的成果，我們認(rèn)為人工智能制造者應(yīng)當(dāng)堅持以下原則。A.objectto反對；B.stickto堅持；C.referto涉及；D.taketo喜愛上。由下文語境可知，下文在講人們制造人工智能是應(yīng)當(dāng)要堅持的三條原則。故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個社會，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)利用這一潛力，確保人工智能始終以共同利益為目標(biāo)。A.potential潛力；B.benefit好處；C.principles原則；D.research探討。由上文的“butforAItomeetitsvastpotential”可知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)利用這一潛力。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：其次，人工智能的研發(fā)應(yīng)當(dāng)是開放的、負(fù)責(zé)任的和社會參加的。A.attached重視；B.engaged從事、參加；C.touched觸摸；D.launched發(fā)起。由上文文的“Second,AIresearchanddevelopmentshouldbeopen,responsible說明人工智能的研發(fā)要全社會共同參加。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著人工智能的不斷發(fā)展，新的問題將不斷出現(xiàn)，我們須要合作地回答這些問題，包括從工程師、科學(xué)家到哲學(xué)家和活動家的每個人。A.practically實際地；B.enthusiastically熱忱地；C.consciously有意識地；D.cooperatively合作地。由上文的“人工智能的研發(fā)要社會參加”，本處的“,includingeveryonefromengineersandscientiststophilosophersandactivists”和下文的“And___15___properlyandcooperatively”可知，人工智能的研發(fā)要社會參加，隨著新問題的出現(xiàn)，工程師、科學(xué)家到哲學(xué)家和活動家都要加入進來，合作地回答這些問題。故選D項?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：特殊是那些因人工智能而變更行業(yè)的企業(yè)，將須要成為這場全球?qū)υ挼囊徊糠帧.change變更；B.depress懊喪；C.relieve緩解；D.enrich豐富。由常識和下文的“asresultofAI”可知，人工智能的出現(xiàn)會變更產(chǎn)業(yè)。故選A項。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們是否考慮過任何系統(tǒng)可能會產(chǎn)生意外的副作用，我們是否有支配來訂正這種狀況？A.unintended無意的、意外的；B.reasonable合理的；C.informative供應(yīng)有用信息的；D.feasible可行的。由上文的“thosewhodesignAIshouldestablishbestpracticestoavoidundesirableoutcomes”可知，設(shè)計人工智能的人應(yīng)當(dāng)建立最佳實踐來避開不想要的結(jié)果，說明設(shè)計系統(tǒng)時可能會產(chǎn)生意外的副作用。故選A項。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個檢查系統(tǒng)來評估一個人工智能系統(tǒng)是否正在做它所要做的事情。A.release釋放；B.infer推斷；C.evaluate評估；D.qualify具有資格。由上文的“checksystems”和下文的“whetheranAIsystemisdoingwhatitwasbuilttodo”可知，檢查系統(tǒng)的目的是來評估一個人工智能系統(tǒng)是否正在做它所要做的事情。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，我們對人工智能的幻想是給人們更多關(guān)于如何生活的選擇。A.likelihood可能性；B.dream幻想；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.enthusiasm熱忱。由上文的“Wearebuildingtoolsthathumanscontrol.”和下文的“togivepeoplemorechoicesabouthowtheylivetheirlives”可知，人工智能將給人們更多關(guān)于如何生活的選擇，這是人們對人工智能的幻想。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過適當(dāng)?shù)睾献鞯貞?yīng)用，人工智能可以幫助解決世界上最困難的問題。A.applied應(yīng)用；B.created創(chuàng)建；C.demonstrated證明；D.adapted適應(yīng)。由下文的“AIcouldhelpbringaboutsolutionstotheworld’smostcomplexproblems”可知，只有適當(dāng)?shù)睾献鞯貞?yīng)用人工智能，人工智能才能幫助解決世界上最困難的問題。故選A項。SectionB（22%每小題2分）Directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)OneeveninginFebruary2007,astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely'snearmissmalethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPS.Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing,“Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain,"shetoldtheBBC.WhoistoblamehereRickStevenson,whotelisCeely'sstoryinhisbookwhenMachinesFailUs,pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit'snotjustGPSdevices:Stovensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amap-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCoelyfornotpayingattentionPerhapstherailwayauthoritiesarefaultforpoorsignalingsystem,OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn'tsay.It'saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.Inasectiononcars,Stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer-basedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.Hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.Perhaps,butmaybeit'salsodueto,theshortageofpolicemenonthestreets,orchangingsocialcircumstances,orsomecombinationofthesefactors.ThegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplexItisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.Ifthereissuchaway,itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterall,wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.36.WhatdidPaulaCaelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident?A.Shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad. B.Itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C.Therailwayworkersfailedtogivethesignal. D.HerGPSdevicedidn'ttellheraboutthecrossing.37.WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith?A.Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan'tlivewithout.B.Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofourexpectation.C.Digitaldeviceseremorereliablethantheyusedtobe.D.GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCeely'saccident:38.Inthewriter'sopinion,Stevenson'sargumentisA.one-sided B.reasonable C.puzzling D.well-based39.Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle?A.Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.B.Therelationshipbetweenhumanandtechnology.C.Theshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweuse.D.Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.【答案】36.D37.B38.A39.B【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過一起交通事故，司機沒有看到火車路口導(dǎo)致了一起事故，司機卻將責(zé)任歸咎到自己的導(dǎo)航儀沒有路口提示上。引發(fā)作者對于人與科技的關(guān)系上的深思?！?6題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Ceely’snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice.Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.(Ceely僥幸脫險成了新聞，因為她把這歸咎于她的GPS設(shè)備。她以前從未開過這條路。天很黑，雨下得很大。Ceely在依靠她的GPS，但它沒有提到這個路口)”可知，ParlaCeely認(rèn)為事故的緣由是她的GPS設(shè)備沒有提示她有路口。故選D?！?7題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.(他說，我們對數(shù)字設(shè)備充溢信念，但我們的數(shù)字助手常常無法勝任工作)”可推知，B選項“數(shù)字技術(shù)常常達不到我們的期望”是RickStevenson可能認(rèn)同的觀點。故選B?！?8題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit’snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amap-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSdevice.ButStevensondoesn’tsay.(他在書中的論點的問題是，不清晰為什么他只關(guān)注數(shù)字技術(shù)，而其他可能的緣由可能有很多。地圖繪制者可能在紙地圖上留下了這個記號。或許我們應(yīng)當(dāng)指責(zé)Ceely沒有留意。或許鐵路當(dāng)局應(yīng)當(dāng)為信號系統(tǒng)差負(fù)全部責(zé)任?；蛘哂腥颂接懥讼嚓P(guān)的危急，發(fā)覺GPS設(shè)備的確有一些特殊的問題。但是史蒂文森在書中沒有提到這些緣由)”可推知，在作者看來，史蒂文森的論點是片面的。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.(人類和智能設(shè)備之間的嬉戲既好玩又困難)”可知作者在探討完Ceely這起事故后，在最終兩段將探討延長到了人與科技的關(guān)系上，可推知，這篇文章的作者真正關(guān)切的是人與技術(shù)的關(guān)系。故選B。(B)AMemberofCOMFORTDELGROComfortableairport&citytransfers:MaxiCab(scats6passengers)BookingHotline:+6565428297...orbookattheAirportShuttlecounteratTerminalIorTerminal2MaxiCabServiceRatesTransfertoAirport/otherdestination＄35HourlyService(perhour-minimum2hours)＄35Applicableadditionalcharges:－Betweenmidnightto6am,anadditional$12pertransferorperhour－Foren-routestoptofinaldestination,anadditional$5perstopapplyotherwise$20－Administrativechangesof10%oftotalfareforallCreditCardpaymentsExclusiveprivatetoursin6-neaterMaxiCabs.4seaterMercedesLimoCabsandnormalcabsFlexiblepickuptimesandlocationsExtensionofadditionalattractionsandrestaurantsuponrequest.Toursstartfromjust$105pervehicleBookingsCall:+6565425831or+6565428297citycab.sg40.IfatouristgoestotheairportinaMaxiCabat5a.m.andpaysbycreditcard,he/shehastopay_____foranhour'sride.A.$7 B.$38.5C.$55 D.S51.741.Ifatouristgroupintendstobookoneofthesuggestedtoursina6-neaterMaxiCabit_______A.hastoregisteratcitycab.sgB.canchoosethetimeandplacetocollectthegroupC.mayapplytotheSingaporeTourismBoardD.mustfirstpayatleast$105asdeposit42.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Maxicabdrivercanstoponthewayonrequestwithextracharges.B.ThecabbytourcamshowyouaroundSingaporeinthenighttime.C.AMaxiCabtaxitouristguideisn'tallowedtoaddscenicspotsonroute.D.Specially-trainedittaxidriversoperatevarioustoursaroundSingapore.【答案】40.D41.B42.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，主要介紹了新加坡COMFORTDELGRO出租車公司的業(yè)務(wù)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章前一部分“TransfertoAirport/otherdestination＄35”（轉(zhuǎn)乘至機場或其他目的地，35美元。）“Betweenmidnightto6am,anadditional$12pertransferorperhour”（午夜-凌晨6點，每次轉(zhuǎn)乘或每小時額外花費12美元。）及“Administrativechangesof10%oftotalfareforallCreditCardpayments”（信用卡支付應(yīng)額外支付全額10%的行政費用。）可知，凌晨五點并用信用卡支付的話，每小時應(yīng)共花費（35+12）*110%=51.7。故選D項?！?1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章最終一部分“Exclusiveprivatetoursin6-neaterMaxiCabs.4seaterMercedesLimoCabsandnormalcabs.Flexiblepickuptimesandlocations”（6-neaterMaxi出租車獨家私人旅游。4座梅賽德斯轎車出租車和一般出租車。敏捷的上車時間和地點。）可知，乘坐6-neatermaxi出租車，具有敏捷的上車時間和地點。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章最終一部分“Extensionofadditionalattractionsandrestaurantsuponrequest.”（應(yīng)顧客要求可增加觀光地點和用餐地點。）可知，途中是可以增加觀光地點的。C項“AMaxiCab出租車導(dǎo)游不允許在路途上增加景點”不符合以上說法。故選C項。(C)WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuse,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindsofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKornFerry,seniorpartnerDennisCarey:“Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanawhenthebusinessbecamepartofPepsiCo(PEP)adecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyinternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillemstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”43.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing_______.A.arrogant. B.frank. C.self-centered. D.impulsive.44.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybeencouragedby_______.A.theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus B.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelifeC.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards D.theirpursuitofnewcareergoals45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_______.A.topperformersusedtoclingtotheirpostsB.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-datedC.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputationsD.it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CEOs;WheretoGo? B.CEOs:AlltheWayUp?C.TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet D.TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers【答案】43.B44.D45.A46.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在新工作往往還沒著落時，企業(yè)高管就已經(jīng)離職的社會現(xiàn)象?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany?！笨芍琇iamMcGee8月份從美國銀行總裁的位置上離職時，他的說明出人意料地直截了當(dāng)。他沒有用通常的模糊的借口來掩飾自己的離職，而是直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f，他離開是為了“追求經(jīng)營一家公司的目標(biāo)”。由此可推知，LiamMcGee宣布離職時，他的看法可以用坦率來形容。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.”可知，最近幾周，雅芳和美國運通的高管辭職時說明說，他們正在找尋CEO的職位。由此可知，依據(jù)其次段，高管的辭職可能是因為他們追求新的職業(yè)目標(biāo)。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”可知，傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)則是待在原地更平安，但這已經(jīng)從根本上被顛倒了。由此可推知，優(yōu)秀的員工過去總是堅守崗位。故選A?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。閱讀文章內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合倒數(shù)其次段“Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanawhent