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英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷3(共9套)(共65題)英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第1套一、漢譯英(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、中國(guó)認(rèn)為,在當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)下,應(yīng)該繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持和切實(shí)遵守《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》的宗旨和原則,并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際關(guān)系民主化和法制化,實(shí)現(xiàn)世界各國(guó)的共存共贏(yíng)。聯(lián)合國(guó)是這個(gè)世界的縮影,一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的聯(lián)合國(guó)是世界希望之所在。為了建立人類(lèi)美好的未來(lái),首先應(yīng)該把這里變成一個(gè)相互合作的舞臺(tái),而非彼此指責(zé)的角斗場(chǎng)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Chinamaintainsthatunderthecurrentsituation,thepurposesandprinciplesoftheUNChartershouldbeadheredtoandearnestlyabidedbywithaviewtorealizingdemocracyandruleoflawininternationalrelationsandthecoexistenceand"win-win"oftheworld’scountries.TheUNisamicrocosmofourworld.ThehopeoftheworldrestsonastrongUN.Tobuildabetterfutureformankind,itisincumbentuponustofirstturntheUNintoaforumofcooperationinsteadofacoliseumofrecrimination.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析2、和平與發(fā)展是當(dāng)今世界的兩大主題。維護(hù)世界和平,加強(qiáng)友好合作,促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展是各國(guó)人民的共同愿望。當(dāng)前,貧困、失業(yè)、難民、犯罪、人口膨脹、環(huán)境惡化、毒品泛濫、恐怖主義等問(wèn)題仍然嚴(yán)峻,影響著全球的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家雖然國(guó)情不同,但在一系列重大國(guó)際問(wèn)題上具有廣泛一致的利益。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomainthemesoftheworldtoday.Maintainingglobalpeace,enhancingfriendshipandcooperationandpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommondesireofallpeoples.Atpresent,worldwidestabilityanddevelopmentarethreatenedbysuchseriousproblemsaspoverty,unemployment,refugeeflows,crimes,populationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugabuseandterrorism.Thoughdifferentintheirnationalconditions,Chinaandwesterncountriessharebroadcommoninterestsonawiderangeofmajorinternationalissues.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析3、我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該在相互尊重、平等對(duì)話(huà)、求同存異的基礎(chǔ)上來(lái)逐步縮小分歧,從而來(lái)維護(hù)和發(fā)展雙方的共同利益。我們生活在一個(gè)豐富多彩的世界里,正是這種多樣性為各國(guó)之間的交流與合作提供了基礎(chǔ)。即使在西歐,各國(guó)在積極推進(jìn)一體化的同時(shí),也強(qiáng)調(diào)要保持各自的民族和文化特性。只有按照和平共處五項(xiàng)原則,承認(rèn)和正視意識(shí)形態(tài)、社會(huì)制度以及經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和差異,徹底擯棄冷戰(zhàn)思維和恃強(qiáng)凌弱的做法,才是處理國(guó)與國(guó)之間關(guān)系的正確途徑。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Ibelieveweshouldworktogethertonarrowourdifferencesgraduallyonthebasisofmutualrespect,equaldialogueandseekingcommongroundwhileputtingasidedifferencessoastopreserveandadvanceourcommoninterests.Weliveinacolorfulworldofdiversity.Suchdiversityhasmadeitpossibleforcountriestointeractandcooperate.EveninWesternEurope,whileactivelypromotingintegration,countriesremainquitevocalaboutkeepingtheirethnicandculturaldistinctions.Theonlyrightapproachtotheconductofstate-to-staterelationsistoadheretotheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence,recognizeandfaceuptothedifferencesinideology,socialsystemandthelevelofeconomicandculturaldevelopment.Wemustalsomakeabreakfromthecoldwarmentalityandthepracticeofthestronglordingitovertheweak.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析4、中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。占世界人口五分之一的中國(guó)保持政治穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,是對(duì)世界和平、穩(wěn)定與繁榮的重要貢獻(xiàn)。反之,如果中國(guó)不穩(wěn)定、不發(fā)展,長(zhǎng)期擺脫不了貧窮落后的狀態(tài),那才是對(duì)世界的穩(wěn)定極為不利的。西方有些人蓄意夸大中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力,散布所謂“中國(guó)威脅論”,這是完全錯(cuò)誤的。中國(guó)的改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),需要一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的國(guó)際和平環(huán)境。即使中國(guó)將來(lái)強(qiáng)大起來(lái)了,也決不會(huì)對(duì)其他國(guó)家構(gòu)成威脅。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.IfChina,ashometoonefifthoftheworld’spopulation,canmaintainpoliticalstabilityandeconomicprosperity,itisinitselfgreatcontributiontoworldpeace,stabilityandprosperity.Conversely,ifChinaisunstableandstagnant,orifitshouldbogdowninprolongedpovertyandbackwardness,thiswillbehighlydetrimentaltoworldstability.NowsomeWesternersdeliberatelyexaggerateChina’seconomicstrengthandspreadthe"Chinathreat"fallacy.Thisistotallywrong.China’sreform,opening-upandmodernizationprogramsneedaninternationalenvironmentoflong-termpeaceandstability.EvenwhenChinabecomesmorepowerful,itwillbynomeansposeathreattoothercountries.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析5、當(dāng)今世界正處在歷史性大變動(dòng)之中。維護(hù)世界和平,加強(qiáng)友好合作,促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展,是各國(guó)人民的共同要求。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移地奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策,永遠(yuǎn)是維護(hù)世界和平與穩(wěn)定的堅(jiān)定力量。我們將一如既往,堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主,堅(jiān)持原則,反對(duì)霸權(quán)主義,維護(hù)世界和平,在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的基礎(chǔ)上,建立和發(fā)展與世界各國(guó)的友好合作關(guān)系,積極促進(jìn)睦鄰友好,加強(qiáng)同發(fā)展中國(guó)家的團(tuán)結(jié)合作,繼續(xù)實(shí)行對(duì)外開(kāi)放政策。中國(guó)政府和人民愿意與世界各國(guó)政府和人民一道,為建設(shè)一個(gè)美好的新世界作出不懈的努力。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Theworldtodayisintheprocessofmajorhistoricchanges.Itisthecommoncallofthepeoplesallovertheworldtomaintainworldpeace,enhancefriendlycooperationandpromotecommondevelopment.Chinasteadfastlypursuesanindependentforeignpolicyofpeaceandwillforeverbeastaunchforceforworldpeaceandstability.Wewill,asalways,maintainindependence,upholdprinciples,opposehegemonism,safeguardworldpeace,establishanddevelopfriendlyandcooperativerelationswithothercountriesonthebasisoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence,workvigorouslytopromotegood-neighborliness,strengthenunityandcooperationwithdevelopingcountriesandcontinuetoimplementtheopening-uppolicy.TheChineseGovernmentandpeoplearereadytoworktirelesslywithothergovernmentsandpeoplesforabetternewworld.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第2套一、漢譯英(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、哲學(xué)家只是一味地同古往今來(lái)的靈魂交談——他讀書(shū),是同古昔人物交談;他寫(xiě)作,是同子孫后代交談;他講演,是同莘莘學(xué)子交談;他沉思是同自己交談。他長(zhǎng)于洞見(jiàn),洞見(jiàn)未來(lái);他善于遐想,遐想無(wú)限;他耽于夢(mèng)幻,幻游彼岸;他富于關(guān)懷,關(guān)懷永恒。他同遠(yuǎn)在天涯的哲人和精神交談,在這個(gè)意義上,他視通萬(wàn)里,思接千載。他偉大,他不朽,他同古往今來(lái)的靈魂對(duì)話(huà)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Aphilosopherissolelyconcernedwithconductingdialogueswiththegreatsoulsfromancientantiquitytothecontemporaryera.Inreadingbooks,heconverseswiththeancients.Inwritinghisownbooks,heconverseswiththeprogeny.Indeliveringlectures,heconverseswithamultitudeofyoungstudents.Incontemplating,heconverseswithhimself.Heisadeptatinsights,penetratingintothefuture.Heexcelsinspeculations,speculatingontheinfinite.Heindulgesinreveries,travelingintheotherworldinunboundedfantasy.Heaboundsinsympathies,concernedabouttheeternal.Heconverseswiththephilosophersandthegreatmindsintheremotestcornersoftheearth.Inthissense,hisvisionextendsintotheinfinitedistanceandhisthoughtsareconnectedwiththepastandthefuture.Hisvisionandthoughtstranscendallspatiotemporalboundarieswhatsoever.Heisgreat;heisimmortal;becauseheisinpermanentdialoguewiththegreatsoulsofthepast,thepresentandthefuture.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析2、有時(shí)候,在工作中重要的倒是能否處理好人際關(guān)系而不是有很多的才能。人際關(guān)系就是一種善于聽(tīng)取別人的意見(jiàn),體察別人的需要,虛心接受批評(píng)的能力。善于處理人際關(guān)系的人敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,敢于承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任,這是對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤的一種成熟和負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。這就是為什么許多平平庸庸的公司雇員在大調(diào)整中保住了位置,而有才能的人反到下崗。因?yàn)樗麄兒茏⒁馓幚砀鞣矫娴年P(guān)系,所以八面玲瓏,到處有緣。而人際關(guān)系差的人往往不能處理好批評(píng)。碰到錯(cuò)誤,他們首先想到自己,拒不承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,或情緒低落或大發(fā)雷霆,成為有刺的人,難以相處。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Sometimesitisinterpersonalskillsratherthanprofessionalskillsthatreallycountsinyourcareer.Interpersonalskillsarenothingbuttheabilitytobegoodlistener,tobesensitivetowardothers’needs,totakecriticismwell.Peoplewithskillinsocialrelationsadmittheirmistakes,andtaketheirshareofblame,whichisamatureandresponsiblewaytohandleanerror.Thatiswhymanymediocreemployeessurviveviolentcorporateupheavalswhilepeopleofgreattalentarebeinglaidoff.Sensitiveintheirdealingwithothers,theyarewelllikedeverywhere.Peoplewithpoorinterpersonalskillshavetroubletakingcriticism.Whenconfrontedwithamistake,theylettheiregogetintheway.Theydenyresponsibilityandbecomemoodyorangry.Theymarkthemselvesas"prickly".知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析3、真正成為自己不是一件容易的事。世上有許多人,你說(shuō)他是什么都行,例如是一種職業(yè)、一個(gè)身份、一個(gè)角色,唯獨(dú)不是他自己。如果一個(gè)人總是按別人的意見(jiàn)生活,沒(méi)有自己的獨(dú)立思索,總是為外在的事務(wù)忙碌,沒(méi)有自己的內(nèi)心生活,那么,說(shuō)他不是他自己就一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有冤枉他。因?yàn)榇_確實(shí)實(shí),從他的頭腦到他的心靈,你在其中已經(jīng)找不到絲毫真正屬于他自己的東西了,他只是別人的一個(gè)影子和事務(wù)的一架機(jī)器罷了。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Itisnoteasytobeyourselfinarealsense.Manyapersonintheworldcanbeeasilyidentified,foryoucantakehisjob,hisstatusorhissocialroleashisidentity,whichhasnothingtodowiththepersonhimself.Itindeeddoeshimjusticetosaythathehasnoidentityofhisown,ifhehasnoideaabouthisownmind,andhastofollowothers’adviceorletothersmakearrangementsforhim;ifhislife,alwaysoccupiedbyexternalthings,iscompletelyvoidofaninnerworld.Youwon’tbeabletofindanythingwhatever,eitherhisbrainorhisheartthattrulybelongstohim.Heis,indeed,nomorethanashadowcastbysomebodyelseoramachinecapableofconductingorders.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析4、社會(huì)在每個(gè)人的心中制造了一種害怕心理,害怕被拒絕,害怕被人嘲笑,害怕失去尊嚴(yán),害怕人們將怎么說(shuō)。你不得不調(diào)整自己來(lái)適合所有盲目的、無(wú)意識(shí)的人們,你不能成為你自己。這是從古到今我們整個(gè)世界的一個(gè)基本的傳統(tǒng),即沒(méi)有人被允許成為他自己。你唯一的責(zé)任是對(duì)你的本性負(fù)責(zé),不要反對(duì)它。因?yàn)槟惴磳?duì)它,等于是在自殺,是在摧毀你自己。那么,你又將會(huì)得到什么呢?即使人們尊敬你,人們認(rèn)為你是一個(gè)非常正統(tǒng)的、受人尊重的、高尚的人,而這些根本無(wú)法滋養(yǎng)你的存在,無(wú)法使你對(duì)生命及其他的非凡的美有更多的洞察。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Thesocietycreatesafearmentalityineveryone’sheart,whichmakeshimfearbeingrejected,beingmocked,losingdignityandwhatotherswillsayabouthim.Youhavetoadjustyourselftosuitallthoseblindandunconsciouspeople,andyoucannotbeyourself.Itisafundamentaltraditionofourwholeworldinallagesthatnooneispermittedtobehimself.Youronlyresponsibilityistoberesponsibleforyourintrinsicnature,don’topposeit.Foryouopposeit,whichisequaltosuicideandmeansdestroyingyourself.Thenwhatcanyouget?Evenifpeoplerespectyou,andthinkofyouasaverylineal,respectableandnobleperson,whilethesethingscannotnourishyourexistenceormakeyouhavemoreinsightforyourlifeandotherextraordinarybeauty.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析5、當(dāng)你對(duì)生命有了某種態(tài)度,你將錯(cuò)過(guò)生命本身。生命是廣袤無(wú)垠的,無(wú)法被任何態(tài)度所容納,用某一個(gè)定義來(lái)界定生命那是不可能的。的確,你的態(tài)度可能涵蓋了生命的某個(gè)方面,但這也僅僅是一個(gè)方面,頭腦的傾向往往將一個(gè)方面看成全部,當(dāng)某一方面被看作全部時(shí),你便失去了與生命的聯(lián)系。你的生命被你的態(tài)度所包圍,作繭自縛,畫(huà)地為牢,你將過(guò)得很悲慘。那么你的所謂的宗教將會(huì)非常高興,因?yàn)槟蔷褪撬麄円恢备嬲]你的:生命就是痛苦的。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Whenyouhavesomeattitudetolife,youwillmisslifeitself.Lifeissovastandcannotbecontainedbyanyattitude,andit’simpossibletodefinelife.Certainly,yourattitudemaycontainsomeaspectoflife,butjustoneaspect,andyetthemindintendstolookupononeaspectasawhole,butwhenoneaspectislookeduponasawhole,thenyoulosetouchwithlife.Yourwholelifeisaffectedbyyourattitude,whichmeansyourestrictyouractivitiestoadesignatedarea,andyouwillliveamiserablelife.Thenyourso-calledreligionwillbeverysatisfied,forit’sjustwhattheyhavetoldyou:lifeispainful.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第3套一、英譯漢(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、AIDSHittingAfricanFarmSectorHardOncealargelyurbanproblem,AIDShasmovedtoruralareasindevelopingcountries,devastatingthousandsoffarmingcommunitiesandleavingimpoverishedsurvivorsscarcelyabletofeedthemselves.Thediseaseisnolongerahealthproblemalone,butishavingameasurableimpactonfoodproduction,householdfoodsecurityandruralpeople’sabilitytomakealiving.Thelateststatisticalevidenceonsub-SaharanAfrica—theworsthitregion—confirmsthescaleoftheepidemic’simpactonthecountryside.Itisestimatedthatoverhalfofthe28millionpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSinsub-SaharanAfricaliveinruralareas.Inordertoestimatesuchfigures,epidemiologistsstartwithdatatakenfromtestsdoneonbloodsamplesfrompregnantwomenattendingprenatalclinics.Theythenextrapolatethefigurestoestimateinfectionratesinlargerareas.Recentfindingspointtotwoofthehardest-hitcountries—ZimbabweandSwaziland."Thisisarealwake-upcallforgovernments,"saysanexpertonAIDS"Policy-makersareguidedbyevidence.SolidevidenceisnowcominginandwillmakegovernmentsunderstandhowruralareasareactuallymorevulnerabletoAIDSthanurbanareas.RecentreportsfromotherAfricancountriesshowasimilarpatternoframpantruralinfection.Povertyunderliesthesufferinganddevastationbehindthesefigures.TheHIV/AIDSepidemiccannotbeaddressedwithoutdoingsomethingaboutrurallivelihoods:howpeoplemaketheirliving,howtheygetenoughfood,whatstrategiestheyfollowinordertosurvive.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:艾滋病重創(chuàng)非洲農(nóng)業(yè)以前,艾滋病主要是一個(gè)存在于城市的問(wèn)題,而現(xiàn)在艾滋病已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向發(fā)展中國(guó)家的農(nóng)村地區(qū),摧毀了數(shù)以千計(jì)的農(nóng)村社區(qū),使窮困的幸存者們無(wú)以為生。這一疾病已不再是單純的健康問(wèn)題,而正在對(duì)食品生產(chǎn)、家用食品安全和農(nóng)村人口謀生能力造成明顯的沖擊。撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)受艾滋病打擊最重;最新的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字已證實(shí)這一流行病對(duì)其農(nóng)村地區(qū)造成了嚴(yán)重的影響。據(jù)估計(jì),撒哈拉以南非洲地區(qū)的2800萬(wàn)艾滋病人或艾滋病病毒攜帶者中,有一半以上生活在農(nóng)村地區(qū)。為了對(duì)這一數(shù)字進(jìn)行評(píng)估,流行病學(xué)家們首先從參加產(chǎn)前咨詢(xún)的孕婦身上抽取血樣進(jìn)行化驗(yàn),取得數(shù)據(jù),然后推測(cè)出數(shù)字,對(duì)更廣大地區(qū)的傳染率進(jìn)行估計(jì)。最近的研究結(jié)果表明,受傳染最嚴(yán)重的兩個(gè)國(guó)家是津巴布韋和斯威士蘭?!斑@對(duì)各國(guó)政府來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)真正的警鐘,”一位艾滋病專(zhuān)家說(shuō)。“決策者們是跟著證據(jù)走的,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有確鑿的證據(jù)使各國(guó)政府明白,農(nóng)村地區(qū)的確比城市更客易受到艾滋病的侵襲。”最近來(lái)自其他非洲國(guó)家的報(bào)告也表明農(nóng)村地區(qū)艾滋病傳染十分猖獗。在這些數(shù)字背后,貧窮是人們?cè)馐懿⊥凑勰ズ痛驌舻脑?。農(nóng)村人口如何謀生,如何獲得足夠的糧食,采取什么樣的辦法維持生存——這些生計(jì)問(wèn)題不解決,艾滋病的肆虐是得不到解決的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析2、TheShapeofThingstoComeWhentheworldwasasimplerplace,therichwerefat,thepoorwerethin,andright-thinkingpeopleworriedabouthowtofeedthehungry.Now,inmuchoftheworld,thericharethin,thepoorarefat,andright-thinkingpeopleareworryingaboutobesity.Evolutionismostlytoblame.Ithasdesignedmankindtocopewithdeprivation,notplenty.Peopleareperfectlytunedtostoreenergyingoodyearstoseethemthroughleanones.Butwhenbadtimesnevercome,theyarestuckwiththatenergystoredaroundtheirexpandingbellies.Thankstorisingagriculturalproductivity,leanyearsarerarerallovertheglobe.Modern-dayMalthusians,whousedtodrawgraphsprovingthattheworldwasshortlygoingtorunoutoffood,havegoneratherquietlately.AccordingtotheUN,thenumberofpeopleshortoffoodfellfrom920min1980to799m20yearslater,eventhoughtheworld’spopulationincreasedby1.6billionovertheperiod.Thisismostlyacauseforcelebration.Mankindhaswonwhatwas,formostofhistimeonthisplanet,hisbiggestbattle:toensurethatheandhisoffspringhadhadenoughtoeat.Buteverysilverlininghasacloud,andtheconsequenceofprosperityisanewplaguethatbringswithitahostofinterestingpolicydilemmas.Asascourgeofthemodernworld,obesityhasanimageproblem.ItiseasiertoassociatewithFatherChristmasthanwiththefourhorsesoftheapocalypse.Butithasagoodclaimtolumberalongbesidethem,foritistheworld’sbiggestpublic-healthissuetoday—themaincauseofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.SincetheWorldHealthOrganizationlabeledobesityan"epidemic"in2000,reportsonitsfearfulconsequenceshavecomethickandfast.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:未來(lái)的身段世界原本沒(méi)有這么復(fù)雜。那時(shí),富人胖,窮人瘦,頭腦正常的人在發(fā)愁:怎樣才能讓挨餓的人吃上飯。而現(xiàn)在,在這個(gè)世界上的很多地方,富人瘦,窮人胖。頭腦正常的人在為肥胖發(fā)愁。這罪魁禍?zhǔn)拙褪沁M(jìn)化。進(jìn)化已將人類(lèi)設(shè)定好了,它使人能對(duì)付匱乏,卻不會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)富足。經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)化的完美調(diào)教,人們可以在豐年儲(chǔ)存能量,靠它捱過(guò)荒年。但是如果壞年景總也不來(lái),他們不斷增長(zhǎng)的肚皮上囤積的能量,就甩不掉了。由于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力不斷提高,荒年在世界各地都更為罕見(jiàn)。當(dāng)代的馬爾薩斯論者曾畫(huà)出各種圖表,證明全世界的糧食馬上就會(huì)吃完,而他們最近卻不怎么吱聲了。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的數(shù)據(jù),糧食短缺的人口從1980年的9.2億下降到了20年后的7.99億,盡管世界人口同期增長(zhǎng)了16億。這總該是件可喜可賀的事情。人類(lèi)打了個(gè)大勝仗,他們?cè)谶@個(gè)星球上的絕大部分時(shí)間里,都在為贏(yíng)得這場(chǎng)最大的戰(zhàn)役而奮斗,那就是保證他們自己和子孫后代都能吃得飽。但是,凡是好事,都有可能向壞的方面轉(zhuǎn)化,現(xiàn)在富足帶來(lái)了一種新的煩惱,搞得人們?cè)谝淮蠖褑?wèn)題的決策上進(jìn)退兩難,這種近況令人關(guān)注。肥胖這個(gè)當(dāng)今世界的災(zāi)難,首先帶來(lái)的是一個(gè)形象問(wèn)題。它更容易讓人聯(lián)想到圣誕老人,而不是《圣經(jīng)?啟示錄》中(給人類(lèi)帶來(lái)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、饑荒、瘟疫和死亡的)那四匹馬。但肥胖完全有理由和這四匹馬并駕齊驅(qū),因?yàn)樗钱?dāng)今世界公眾健康最大的問(wèn)題,是引起心臟病和糖尿病的主要原因。自從世界衛(wèi)生組織2000年把肥胖列為“流行病”,對(duì)其可怕后果的報(bào)道一時(shí)間連篇累牘,鋪天蓋地。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析3、ANationofHypochondriacsThemainimpressiongrowingoutoftwelveyearsonthefacultyofamedicalschoolisthattheNo.1healthproblemintheU.S.today,evenmorethanAIDSorcancer,isthatAmericansdon’tknowhowtothinkabouthealthandillness.Ourreactionsareformedontheterrorlevel.Wefeartheworst,expecttheworstandinvitetheworst.Theresultisthatwearebecominganationofweaklingsandhypochondriacs,aself-medicatingsocietyincapableofdistinguishingbetweencasual,everydaysymptomsandthosethatrequireprofessionalattention.Somewhereinourearlyeducationwebecomeaddictedtothenotionthatpainmeanssickness.Wefailtolearnthatpainisthebody’swayofinformingthemindthatwearedoingsomethingwrong,notnecessarilythatsomethingiswrong.Wedon’tunderstandthatpainmaybetellingusthatweareeatingtoomuchorthewrongthings;orthatwearesmokingtoomuchordrinkingtoomuch;orthatthereistoomuchemotionalcongestioninourlives;orthatwearebeingworndownbyhavingtocopedailywithovercrowdedstreetsandhighways,thepoundingnoiseofgarbagegrinders,orthecosmicdistancebetweentheentrancetotheairportandthedeparturegate.Wegetthemessageofpainallwrong.Insteadofaddressingourselvestothecause,webecomepushoversforpills,drivingthepainundergroundandinvitingittoreturnwithincreasedauthority.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:一個(gè)疑病癥患者的國(guó)度在一所醫(yī)學(xué)院校任教十二年來(lái),我獲得的主要印象是:當(dāng)今美國(guó)的頭號(hào)健康問(wèn)題,甚至比艾滋病或癌癥都更為嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,就是美國(guó)人不知道如何去認(rèn)識(shí)健康與疾病。我們的反應(yīng)是驚恐萬(wàn)狀,不知所措。我們怕最壞的事,擔(dān)心最壞的事會(huì)發(fā)生,而恰恰就招來(lái)了最壞的事。結(jié)果,我們變成了一個(gè)虛弱的自疑有病的國(guó)度,一個(gè)分不清哪些是日常偶發(fā)癥狀,哪些是需要醫(yī)生醫(yī)治的癥狀,而自己擅自用藥的社會(huì)。在我們?cè)缙诮逃哪硞€(gè)階段,我們變得對(duì)疼痛即疾病這一概念深信不疑。我們不知道,人體只是用疼痛這種方式通知大腦,我們的行為出了差錯(cuò),而并非一定是健康有問(wèn)題。我們不明白,疼痛可能是在告誡我們,或吃得太飽,或吃得不當(dāng),或吸煙太多,或飲酒過(guò)度,或生活中感情煎熬太苦,或因每天都得面對(duì)擁擠的大街和公路、忍受垃圾粉碎機(jī)的撞擊聲和奔波于從機(jī)場(chǎng)人口到登機(jī)門(mén)之間的長(zhǎng)距離而被搞得過(guò)分疲勞。我們把疼痛傳達(dá)的信息全搞錯(cuò)了。我們不去探查緣由,卻大服其藥,把疼痛壓下去,從而招致它以更大的威力再次發(fā)作。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析4、TheworkmanshipoftheSupernotewasextraordinary.Ithadsequentialserialnumbers,andtheprintingplatescontinuedtoberefined.ASecretServiceagentidentifiedKelly’stwosamplesasSupernotesbythreeminusculeimperfections.Evenwhentheflawswerepointedout,Kellysays,"Ifranklycouldn’tseethedamnimperfections."Mostalarmingofall,theSupernotewassowellengineeredthatitcouldfoolcurrencyscannersatthenation’stwelveFederalReservebanks.TheblackinkonthefrontofAmericancurrencycontainsferrousoxide,whichismagnetic,andtheFed’sscannersreadthemagneticfielddownthecenterlineoftheportraitwithsuchprecisionthatathousandgenuinehundred-dollarbillsarerejectedforeveryonethatislaterfoundtobecounterfeit.Yet,Kellyrecalls,"SecretServicetoldmethebillswentthroughthosemachines".TheSupernote,Kellylearned,hadbeencirculatinginEurope,theFarEast,theMiddleEast,andtheformerSovietUnion,butonlylimitedsupplyhadreachedtheUnitedStates.Thiswasnotreassuring.OfthealmostthreehundredandninetybilliondollarsinAmericanpapermoneynowinexistence,sometwo-thirds,ormorethantwohundredandfiftybillion,isinforeignhands.TheworldwidepopularityofthedollarisatremendousboontotheUnitedStates.TheFederalReserveisfondofpointingout,everybillincirculationisineffectaninterest-freeloan;anequivalentamountingovernmentsecuritieswouldcosttheUnitedStatesmorethantwenty-fivebilliondollarsinannualinterestpayments.ThebeautyofbillsstuffedinamattressinKazakhstan,forinstance,isthegoodchancethatthenoteswillneverbecalledin.TheSupernotewasbynomeansthefirstforeign-madeorforeign-distributedcounterfeitofAmericancurrency,butbecauseofitsfrighteningandunprecedentedqualityitseemedsingularlypoisedtodamageworldconfidenceinthedollar.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:超級(jí)假幣的制造工藝精致無(wú)比。有一條連續(xù)的序列編號(hào),制版工藝也在不斷地改進(jìn)。一位特工確認(rèn)凱利的兩張假幣樣品是超級(jí)假幣,但同時(shí)也指出其中有三處微小的瑕疵。即使指出了這些瑕疵,凱利說(shuō):“坦率地講,我實(shí)在是看不出這些毛病。”最令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是,超級(jí)假幣偽造得如此逼真,它可以騙過(guò)全國(guó)所有12家聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行的驗(yàn)鈔機(jī)。美國(guó)貨幣正面的黑色油墨中含有氧化亞鐵,有磁性,聯(lián)邦驗(yàn)鈔機(jī)可以讀出畫(huà)像中線(xiàn)以下的磁場(chǎng),精確度極高。如果混有假幣,檢測(cè)出一張假幣,同時(shí)將有1000張真幣也會(huì)被檢測(cè)為不合格。但是,凱利回憶道,“特工告訴我,這兩張假幣竟得以蒙混過(guò)關(guān)?!眲P利了解到,超級(jí)假幣曾在歐洲、遠(yuǎn)東、中東以及前蘇聯(lián)流行,但是只有很少一部分流進(jìn)了美國(guó)。然而情況并不樂(lè)觀(guān)。如今流通中的3,900億美元紙幣當(dāng)中,大約有三分之二即2,500億美元在外國(guó)人手中。美元全球吃香,對(duì)美國(guó)是件天大的好事。正如美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備局樂(lè)于指出的那樣,每一張流通中的美國(guó)紙幣就是一份免息的貸款:發(fā)行相同數(shù)量的政府債券美國(guó)政府每年要支付250億美元利息。哈薩克斯坦人在床墊下藏著的美元,它的可貴之處在于這些美元永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域。超級(jí)美元并不是外國(guó)人第一次制造發(fā)行的美元假幣,然而由于超級(jí)假幣足以亂真的質(zhì)量令人生畏,世界人民對(duì)美元的信任看來(lái)會(huì)因此而造成很大的損害。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析5、ElyseePalaceTheElyseePalaceinFranceenjoysequalpopularityintheworldwiththeBuckinghamPalaceintheUnitedKingdom,theKremlininRussiaaswellastheWhiteHouseintheU.S.A.ItistheresidenceofthepresidentoftheFrenchRepublicandthesymbolofthesupremeauthorityinFrance.TheElyseePalace,withanareaof11,000squaremeters,isattheeasternendoftheChampsElyseeinthebustlingcityofParisproperandbackedbyalargeandtranquilgardenofmorethantwentythousandsquaremeters.Itsmainbuilding,quitehandsomeandgraceful,isa2-storyclassicalstonearchitectureofEuropeanstyle,flankedbytwosidebuildingsfacingeachotherandwithanextensiverectangularcourtyardinthemiddle.Therearealtogether369hallsandroomsofdifferentsize.TheElyseePalace,builtin1718,hasalonghistoryofclosingto300yearstodate.Thishousewasatfirstaprivateresidenceofacountnamedd’Evreau,henceitwascalledHoteld’Ev-reau.Ithadlatergonethroughmanyvicissitudesanditsownershadbeenchangedformanytimes,butallthedwellersinitweredistinguishedpersonagesandhighofficials.ThehousewasrenamedBonaparteMansionwhenitwasownedbyLouisXVandLouisXVIsuccessivelywhentheyactedasemperors.NapoleonIsignedhisactofabdicationherewhenhehadsufferedcrushingdefeatintheBattleofWaterlooin1815.NapoleonIIImovedintheMansionin1848whenhewaselectedpresident,andthehousebecameaRoyalPalacewhenheproclaimedhimselfasemperor.TheThirdFrenchRepublicissuedadecreein1873,designatingofficiallytheElyseePalaceastheresidenceofpresidentoftheFrenchRepublic.Overthehundredoddyearssincethen,almostallthepresidentsoftheFrenchRepublicworkedandlivedthere.Startingfrom1989,theElyseePalaceisopentothepubliceveryyearinSeptemberontheFrenchCastlesDay.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:法國(guó)的愛(ài)麗舍宮法國(guó)的愛(ài)麗舍宮與美國(guó)白宮、英國(guó)白金漢宮以及俄羅斯的克里姆林宮一樣聞名于世。它是法蘭西共和國(guó)的總統(tǒng)府,也是法國(guó)最高權(quán)力的象征。愛(ài)麗舍宮位于巴黎香榭麗舍大街的東端,占地1.1萬(wàn)平方米,地處喧鬧的市中心,背倚一個(gè)2萬(wàn)多平方米的恬靜大花園。主樓是一座兩層高的歐洲古典式石建筑,典雅莊重,兩翼各有一座兩層高的石建筑,相峙而立,中間是一個(gè)寬敞的矩形庭院。宮內(nèi)共有369間大小不等的廳室。愛(ài)麗舍宮興建于1718年,迄今已有近300年的悠久歷史。起先這里是一位名叫戴弗羅伯爵的私人住宅,所以當(dāng)時(shí)稱(chēng)為戴弗羅公館。后來(lái)歷經(jīng)滄桑,幾易其主,但長(zhǎng)期都為達(dá)官貴人享用。路易十五和路易十六當(dāng)朝時(shí)都先后人住過(guò),并將其改名為波旁大廈。1815年拿破侖一世在滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役中一敗涂地,曾在此簽字退位。拿破侖三世于1848年當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)后也曾遷居于此,他一稱(chēng)帝此處即成為皇家宮殿。法蘭西第三共和國(guó)于1873年頒布法令,正式指定愛(ài)麗舍宮為法國(guó)總統(tǒng)府。此后的百余年里,歷屆法蘭西共和國(guó)的總統(tǒng)幾乎都在此工作和生活過(guò)。自1989年起,每逢9月份法國(guó)古堡節(jié)這一天,愛(ài)麗舍宮都向公眾開(kāi)放。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第4套一、英譯漢(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、Theearly1990sheardmuchtalkofregionalismandtheregionalizationofworldpolitics.Regionalconflictsreplacedtheglobalconflictontheworld’ssecurityagenda.Majorpowers,suchasRussia,China,andtheUnitedStates,aswellassecondarypowers,suchasSwedenandTurkey,redefinedtheirsecurityinterestsinexplicitlyregionalterms.Tradewithinregionsexpandedfasterthantradebetweenregions,andmanyforesawtheemergenceofregionaleconomicblocs,European,NorthAmerican,EastAsian,andperhapsothers.Theterm"regionalism,"however,doesnotadequatelydescribewhatwashappening.Regionsaregeographicalnotpoliticalorculturalentities.AswiththeBalkans(巴爾干區(qū)域)ortheMiddleEast,theymayberivenbyinterandintracivilizationconflicts.Regionsareabasisforcooperationamongstatesonlytotheextentthatgeographycoincideswithculture.Divorcedfromculture,propinquitydoesnotyieldcommonalityandmayfosterjustthereverse.Militaryalliancesandeconomicassociationsrequirecooperationamongtheirmembers,cooperationdependsontrust,andtrustmosteasilyspringsfromcommonvaluesandculture.Asaresult,whileageandpurposealsoplayarole,theoveralleffectivenessofregionalorganizationsgenerallyvariesinverselywiththecivilizationaldiversityoftheirmembership.Byandlarge,singlecivilizationorganizationsdomorethingsandaremoresuccessfulthanmulticivilizationalorganizations.Thisistrueofbothpoliticalandsecurityorganizations,ontheonehand,andeconomicorganizations,ontheother.ThesuccessofNATOhasresultedinlargepartfromitsbeingthecentralsecurityorganizationofWesterncountieswithcommonvaluesandphilosophicalassumptions.TheWesternEuropeanU-nionistheproductofacommonEuropeanculture.TheOrganizationforSecurityandCooperationinEurope,ontheotherhand,includescountriesfromatleastthreecivilizationswithquitedifferentvaluesandinterestswhichposemajorobstaclestoitsdevelopingasignificantinstitutionalidentityandawiderangeofimportantactivities.ThesinglecivilizationCaribbeanCommunity,composedofthirteenEnglish-speakingformerBritishcolonies,hascreatedanextensivevarietyofcooperativearrangements,withmoreintensivecooperationamongsomesub-groupings.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:20世紀(jì)90年代初,世界政治的地區(qū)主義和區(qū)域化引起眾多討論。地區(qū)沖突取代全球沖突,成為世界安全議程的重要議題。俄、中、美等世界主要大國(guó)和瑞典、土耳其等二級(jí)國(guó)家都對(duì)本國(guó)的安全利益用明確的地區(qū)化術(shù)語(yǔ)重新定義。地區(qū)內(nèi)部的貿(mào)易比地區(qū)之間的貿(mào)易發(fā)展更為迅速。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)集團(tuán)的出現(xiàn)已經(jīng)被很多人預(yù)見(jiàn)。這些集團(tuán)包括歐洲、北美、東亞,也可能出現(xiàn)在其他地區(qū)。但是,“地區(qū)主義”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)還不足以描述世界正在發(fā)生的變化。“地區(qū)”通常用來(lái)指稱(chēng)地理實(shí)體而非政治或文化實(shí)體。例如,在巴爾干或中東地區(qū),地區(qū)內(nèi)部的文化沖突可能會(huì)使該地區(qū)的國(guó)家問(wèn)產(chǎn)生裂痕。只有地理近緣和文化近緣同時(shí)滿(mǎn)足時(shí),地區(qū)才會(huì)成為國(guó)家之間合作的平臺(tái)。如果文化存在沖突,地理位置的接近不但不會(huì)促成共同體的形成,相反,可能會(huì)造成地區(qū)的分裂。軍事和經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)盟需要地區(qū)內(nèi)各個(gè)成員的合作。這種合作需要建立在相互信任之上,而信任通常衍生于共同的價(jià)值取向和文化取向。所以,區(qū)域組織的綜合效力雖然受時(shí)代和自身目標(biāo)的影響,但通常和成員國(guó)文化的多元化程度成反比。大體上看,文化單一的區(qū)域組織通常比文化多元的區(qū)域組織行事效率更高、更成功。不僅政治和安全方面的區(qū)域組織是這樣,經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的區(qū)域組織也是這樣。作為西方國(guó)家安全聯(lián)盟的中心,北大西洋公約組織能取得成功,很大程度上歸功于這些西方國(guó)家價(jià)值取向和意識(shí)形態(tài)上的一致。同樣,西歐聯(lián)盟也是歐洲共同文化的產(chǎn)物。歐洲安全與合作組織則不同。該組織涵蓋的國(guó)家至少來(lái)自三種價(jià)值和利益取向都迥然不同的文化。這些文化間的差異成為該組織完善體制、提高自身重要性和廣泛開(kāi)展重要活動(dòng)過(guò)程中的主要障礙。文化單一的加勒比共同體則不同。該組織的十三個(gè)成員國(guó)都是說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家,都曾是英國(guó)的殖民地。該共同體內(nèi)的成員國(guó)達(dá)成了廣泛的合作協(xié)議,其下屬的一些亞組織也有著更為密切的合作。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析2、Untilearlyinthiscentury,theisolationisttendencyprevailedinAmericanforeignpolicy.Then,twofactorsprojectedAmericaintoworldaffairs:itsrapidlyexpandingpower,andthegradualcollapseoftheinternationalsystemcenteredonEurope.Twowatershedpresidenciesmarkedthisprogression:TheodoreRoosevelt’sandWoodrowWilson’s.Thesemenheldthereinsofgovernmentwhenworldaffairsweredrawingareluctantnationintotheirvortex.BothrecognizedthatA-mericahadacrucialroletoplayinworldaffairsthoughtheyjustifieditsemergencefromisolationwithoppositephilosophies.Rooseveltwasasophisticatedanalystofthebalanceofpower.HeinsistedonaninternationalroleforAmericabecauseitsnationalinterestdemandedit,andbecauseaglobalbalanceofpowerwasinconceivabletohimwithoutAmericanparticipation.ForWilson,thejustificationofAmerica’sinternationalrolewasmessianic:Americahadanobligation,nottothebalanceofpower,buttospreaditsprinciplesthroughouttheworld.DuringtheWilsonAdministration,Americaemergedasakeyplayerinworldaffairs,proclaimingprincipleswhich,whilereflectingthetruismsofAmericanthought,nonethelessmarkedarevolutionarydepartureforOldWorlddiplomats.Theseprinciplesheldthatpeacedependsonthespreadofdemocracy,thatstatesshouldbejudgedbythesameethicalcriteriaasindividuals,andthatthenationalinterestconsistsofadheringtoauniversalsystemoflaw.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:直到本世紀(jì)初,孤立主義傾向在美國(guó)外交政策中一直大行其道。后來(lái),兩大因素致使美國(guó)置身于世界事務(wù)之中。其一是它迅猛膨脹的國(guó)力,其二是以歐洲為中心的國(guó)際體系的漸趨崩潰。兩屆具有分水嶺意義的總統(tǒng)任期標(biāo)志著這種事態(tài)的發(fā)展:羅斯福和威爾遜。這兩人執(zhí)掌政府權(quán)力之際,正值世界事務(wù)正將美國(guó)這個(gè)不愿介入國(guó)際事務(wù)的國(guó)家卷人它們的漩渦之時(shí)。這兩位總統(tǒng)均認(rèn)識(shí)到,美國(guó)應(yīng)在世界事務(wù)中扮演關(guān)鍵角色,盡管他們用截然相反的兩套學(xué)說(shuō)來(lái)為美國(guó)從孤立狀態(tài)中脫穎而出尋找依據(jù)。羅斯福對(duì)均勢(shì)的分析可謂老謀深算。他堅(jiān)定不移地認(rèn)為,美國(guó)應(yīng)扮演某種國(guó)際角色,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的國(guó)家利益需要這一國(guó)際角色,并且對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),沒(méi)有美國(guó)參與的全球均勢(shì)將是無(wú)法想象的。對(duì)于威爾遜總統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō),美國(guó)扮演國(guó)際角色的理由更多地帶有救世主的色彩:美國(guó)不僅僅對(duì)均勢(shì)負(fù)有義務(wù),而且也有義務(wù)將其自身的原則傳播到全球每個(gè)角落。威爾遜總統(tǒng)執(zhí)政其間,美國(guó)一躍而成為國(guó)際事務(wù)中的一個(gè)主要角色,到處宣揚(yáng)其自身的原則。這些原則雖然折射出了美國(guó)思想中那些老生常談的內(nèi)容,但對(duì)于舊世界的外交家而言,仍標(biāo)志著一種革命性的更弦易轍。美國(guó)的這些原則堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,世界和平取決于民主的傳播,人們?cè)趯?duì)國(guó)家進(jìn)行評(píng)判時(shí)應(yīng)采用與評(píng)判個(gè)人相同的道德準(zhǔn)則,并且,國(guó)家利益在于堅(jiān)持一套放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的法律體系。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:暫無(wú)解析3、Whileassemblinganewnationalsecurityteam,PresidentGeorgeW.Bushisconfrontingwhatcouldbecomethebiggestchallengeofhissecondterm:howtocontainIran’snuclearprogramandwhatAmericansbelieveisitssupportofviolenceinIsraelandinsurgentsinIraq.InaneerierepetitionofthepreludetotheIraq,hawksintheadministrationandcongressaretrumpetingominousdisclosuresaboutIran’snuclearcapacitiestomakethecasethatIranisathreatthatmustbeconfronted,eitherbyeconomicsanctions,militaryaction,orregimechange.ButBritain,FranceandGermanyareurgingdiplomacy,placingtheirhopesinadealbrok
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