吉林省吉林市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期第三次調(diào)研測(cè)試3月試題含解析

PAGEPAGE28吉林省吉林市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期第三次調(diào)研測(cè)試（3月）試題（含解析）留意事項(xiàng)：1.本次考試由四部分組成，考試時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分150分。2.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、考生號(hào)填寫在答題卡指定位置。3.請(qǐng)按題號(hào)依次在答題紙上各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)整齊作答，超出區(qū)域答題無(wú)效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howmuchwillthemanpayforthefourtickets?A.15pounds. B.30pounds. C.45pounds.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howmucharethetickets?W:Theyare15poundseach.Butstudentticketsarehalfprice.M:Givemetwoadultticketsandtwostudentticketsplease.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydoesthewomanwanttomovetoanewapartment？A.BecauseshelikeswatchingTV.B.Becausesheneedsaquietplace.C.Becausethenewapartmentischeap.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Itissaidthatyouwanttomovetoanewapartment.W:Yes,althoughitwillbemoreexpensive.MyneighborwatchesTVallnightlongandIcan’tsleepwell.3.此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】What’sthedatetoday?A.16th. B.17th. C.18th.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Attention,please!There’ssomechangestoourfootballmatchtimetable.Ourmatchwillbeputofftothedayaftertomorrowbecauseoftheweather.W:Youmeanthe18th?M:Yes,andthematchwillstartandendonehourearlier.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atabookshop. B.Atabank. C.Atarestaurant.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,whatcanIdoforyou?M:Iwanttoknowtheinterestrateforthesavingsaccount.W:Itvariesfromtimetotime.Atpresentitis6%.M:That’shigherthanlastmonth.OK.Iwillputaside$50,000please.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhowillgotoChangchunnextmonth？A.Carol. B.Carol’suncle. C.Carol’ssister.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:ImetCarolattheschoolgateyesterday.W:Really?Didshesayanything?M:Yes,shesaidhersisterwouldgotoChangchunfortheskatingcompetitionnextmonth,butshewouldstillstayherewithheruncle.其次節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whatcausedthegirltoloseblood？A.Adisease. B.Anaccident. C.Anambulance.7.Whichisrightaccordingtothewoman？A.Themancancoverthegirlwithhiscoat.B.Themanshouldcarrythegirltotheroadside.C.Themanmaygivethegirlsomethingtoeat.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:What’sthetrouble,sir?M:There’sbeenanaccident.Agirl’sbeenrunover.She’slosingalotofblood.Pleasesendanambulanceatonce.W:Isthereadoctorpresent?M:No,there’sonlyme.Thedriverdidn’tstop.IsthereanythingIcando?W:Don’tmovethepatient.Trytostopthebleeding.Keepthepatientwarm,butdon’tgiveheranythingtoeatordrink,OK?M:Allright.Pleasehurry.W:Don’tworry.Theambulanceisonitswaynow.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatisthejoboftheman?A.Aguide. B.Anengineer. C.Ateacher.9.Whatistheman’sadvantageinEnglish?A.Speaking. B.Listening. C.Reading.10.HowmanyEnglishwordshasthemangraspedaccordingtohimself?A.Almost500. B.Almost5,000. C.Almost5,500.【答案】8.B9.C10.B【解析】【原文】W:YouarealwaysreadingEnglishnovelsbutyounevergoouttohaveatalkwiththeforeigners.Don’tyouknowtheimportanceoforalEnglish?M:No.Ithinkit’snouselearningspokenEnglish.IcanreadallkindsofbookswithEnglishbutIseldommeetanEnglishman.Afterall,Iamnotaguide.Iamanengineer.W:IamsorryIcan’tagreewithwhatyousaid.Ithinkthefinalaimoflearningakindoflanguageistocommunicatewithothers.M:Ihavegraspedalmost5,000wordsandphrasesuptonowbutIhavenotimeandchancetomeetaforeigner.YouknowIlearnEnglishtoimprovemystudy,nottohaveatalkwithothers.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.WhatdidJoedolastnight?A.Hesawafilm. B.Heworkedforadesign. C.Hehadameeting.12.WhywillJoecatchthefirstbus?A.Becausehe’llmeetanimportantcustomer.B.Becausehe’lltakepartinaninterview.C.Becausehe’llbethefirsttoreachthecompany.13.Whatdoesthewomanpreparefortheman?A.Boiledeggs. B.Friedeggs. C.Cakes.【答案】11.B12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:Wakeup,Joe.It’sseveno’clock.Ifyouaregoingtowork,you’llhavetogetupnow.Hey,Joe,wakeup.M:Mum,afewmoreminutes,OK?Iworkedforthedesigndeepintothenight.W:Joe,getup.Didyouforgetwhatyousaidlastnight?M:Isitseveno’clockalready?W:Yes.It’sseven.Youtoldmelastnightyouwouldcatchthefirstbus.M:Well,wakemeupintwentyminutes.I’vedecidedtocatchthelatebus.W:Uh,uh…andyouwillmeetanimportantcustomerfromParistoday.M:Okay,okay,stopyelling.I’mup.W:Breakfastisready.Youlikefriedeggs,right?M:ButIwanttohaveboiledeggsthismorning.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whyhasthewomandecidednottoworkattheboys’camp？A.Shehasn’tworkedtherebefore.BSheknowslittleaboutthecamp.C.Shewantstobebetterpaid.15.Howdoestheman’sbrotherearnalotofmoney？A.Byworkingattheboys’camp.B.Bydoingsomecleaningwork.C.Bycuttingsomebody’sgrass.16.Whatkindofjobwouldthewomanliketodo？A.Ajobinaschool. B.Ajobintheopenair. C.Ajobatthehotel.【答案】14.C15.C16.B【解析】【原文】M:Itisalmostvacationtime.Haveyoufoundasummerjobyet?W:No,Idon’tthinkIwillworkattheboys’campwhereIworkedlastsummer.Campjobsdon’tpaymuch.M:IthinkIcanfindajobattheEvergreenHotel.Afriendofminewasawaitertherelastsummer.Thepaywasn’tgood,butthetipswere.W:Mysisterworkedtherelastsummer,makingbedsandcleaningbathrooms.Shedidn’tlikeitbutsheearnedalotofmoney.M:Thehighschoolkidsearnalotofmoneyeverysummercuttinggrass.Mybrotherisonlyfourteen,buthegetsfivedollarseverytimehecutssomebody’sgrass,anditonlytakeshimanhour.Hejustridesaroundonthemachinethathebought,andthemachinedoesallthework.W:That’sprettygood.IusedtocutgrasswhenIwasinhighschool.ButnowIthinkImightworkforaroadbuildingcompany,orsomethinglikethat.M:Itcouldbeagoodexperience.Andyoucouldearnalottoo.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhenwerethefirstGrammyAwardsheld？A.In1956. B.In1957. C.In1958.18.WhydidtheshowreturntoLosAngelesin1999？A.BecauseNewYorkersdidn’tliketheGrammyAwardsatall.B.Becausetheshoworganizersdidn’tgetalongwiththemayorofNewYork.C.Becausetheshoworganizersmovedthereaccordingtotheoriginalplan.19.WhichGrammyAwardswerebroadcastnationwideonCBS？A.The49thAnnualGrammyAwardsinLosAngeles.B.The49thAnnualGrammyAwardsinNewYork.C.The19thAnnualGrammyAwardsinLosAngeles.20.WhyaretheticketsNOTavailabletothegeneralpublic？A.Becausethey’reorderedbynominees.B.Becausethey’re“byinvitationonly”.C.Becausetherearenotmanyofthem.【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】TheGrammyAwardsstartingin1958arethegreatestofallmusicawards,datingbackoverfivedecades.TheyaretomusicwhatOscaristothemovies.Thename“Grammy”isshortfor“gramophone”sincetheawardsareshapedlikethoseold-fashionedphonographs.OvertheyearsLosAngelesandNewYorkhaveplayedtug-of-warwiththeGrammyAwardsshow.In1999,theshowreturnedtoLosAngelesbecausetheshoworganizersdidn’tgetalongwellwiththemayorofNewYorkCity.In2003，theshowreturnedtoNewYork,andin2004,theawardshowmovedbacktoLosAngelesandremainedtherein2005.The49thAnnualGrammyAwardstookplaceinLosAngelesattheStaplesCenteronSunday,February11,2007,andwerebroadcastnationwideonCBS.TicketstotheannualGrammyAwardsshowarenotavailabletothegeneralpublicjustbecausetheyare“byinvitationonly”tonominees,recordingartists,recordcompaniesandsoon.其次部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

ACentralPowerandLightGraduatingfromhighschool?Lookingforajob?Wehaveabrightfutureforyou!We’reCentralPowerandLight.Formorethanfiftyyears,wehavebeenprovidingtheenergyyouneedeveryday.Wekeepyouwarminwinterandcoolinsummer.Withoutus,yourCDPlayers,televisions,radiosandcomputerswouldn'twork.Infact,withoutus,youmighthavetroublereadingthesewordsbecauseweareresponsibleforthingsasbasicasthelightsinyourhomesandclassrooms.We’requiteabusiness.However,asimportantaselectricandgaspoweraretoourcustomerswe’remorethanjustapublic-servicecompany.We’realsoagoodneighbor,workinghardtohelpkeepourenvironmentascleanaswepossiblycanwhilestillkeepingourcarbonfootprintlow.Ittakesmanypeoplewithawidevarietyofskillsandintereststokeepacompanylikeoursinbusiness.That’swhywehavemorethanonehundredjobopeningsinseveralareas.Doanyofthesesoundrightforyou?mechanictraineewordprocessorsafetyinspectortraineedriversecurityguardcustomerservicerepresentativeaccountantWearealwayslookingfornewtalent,andweofferahostofpetitivesalariespensionplaninsurancecompanysocialeventsmedicalcoveragepleasantworkingconditionscontinuingtrainingclassesconvenientlocationIfyouwouldliketotalkwithoneofouremploymentconsultants,weinviteyoutoourjobfairbeingheldtheweekofMay3—May7.Justdropin.Youwillbeglad.21.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Powercompanyworkers. B.Highschoolseniors.C.Thegeneralpublic. D.Highschoolteachers.22.Whatmightaninterestedreaderdoafterreadingthetext?A.Talktoafriend. B.Visitaschoolheadmaster.C.Attendajobfair. D.Consulthisorherparents.23.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecompanymentionedabove?A.Ithasahistoryofoveracentury.BItsbusinessrangesfromlighttogas.C.Itpaysmuchattentiontoecosystem.D.Itholdsalargejobfairmonthly.【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了CentralPowerandLight公司及其聘請(qǐng)崗位的概況?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。由第一段“Graduatingfromhighschool?Lookingforajob?Wehaveabrightfutureforyou!”（中學(xué)畢業(yè)？找工作？我們有一個(gè)光明的將來(lái)給你?。?，可知本文主要針對(duì)中學(xué)畢業(yè)生聘請(qǐng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終一段“Ifyouwouldliketotalkwithoneofouremploymentconsultants,weinviteyoutoourjobfairbeingheldtheweekofMay3—May7.Justdropin.Youwillbeglad.”（假如您想與我們的一位就業(yè)顧問(wèn)交談，我們邀請(qǐng)您參與我們將于5月3日至5月7日實(shí)行的聘請(qǐng)會(huì)。順便來(lái)看看。你會(huì)興奮的。），可知感愛好的讀者讀完文章后會(huì)參與于5月3日至5月7日實(shí)行的聘請(qǐng)會(huì)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“We’realsoagoodneighbor,workinghardtohelpkeepourenvironmentascleanaswepossiblycanwhilestillkeepingourcarbonfootprintlow.”（我們也是一個(gè)好鄰居，在盡可能保持環(huán)境清潔的同時(shí)，我們也在努力保持低碳排放。），可知該公司不僅持環(huán)境清潔，還保持低碳排放，說(shuō)明它特別留意生態(tài)環(huán)境愛護(hù)。故選C項(xiàng)。BItisbelievedthathumanstorybeginsinAfricaandendsabout200,000yearslaterwiththeirsevenbilliondescendants(后代)spreadacrosstheEarth,livinginpeaceoratwar,theirfaceslitbycampfiresandcomputerscreens.Inbetweenisanexcitingtaleofsurvival,movement,isolation,andconquest,mostofitoccurringbeforerecordedhistory.WhowerethosefirstmodernpeopleinAfrica?Whatroutesdidtheytakewhentheylefttheirhomecontinent60,000yearsagotoexpandintoEuropeandAsia?WhenandhowdidhumansreachtheAmericas?Fordecades,theonlyproofwasfoundinasmallnumberofscatteredbonesandartifactsthatourancestorsleftbehindontheirjourneys.Inthepast20years,however,DNAtechnologieshaveallowedscientiststofindarecordofancienthumanmigrationsintheDNAoflivingpeople.“Everydropofhumanbloodcontainsahistorybookwritteninthelanguageofourgenes,”sayspopulationgeneticistSpencerWells.Thehumangeneticcode,orgenome,is99.9percentidenticalthroughouttheworld.ButwhilethebulkofourDNAisthesame,what’sleftisresponsibleforourindividualdifferences—ineyecolorordiseaserisk,forexample.Onveryrareoccasions,asmallchange,calledamutation,canoccur,whichisthenpasseddowntoallofthatperson’sdescendants.Generationslater,findingthatsamemutationintwopeople'sDNAindicatesthattheysharethesameancestor.Bycomparingmutationsinmanydifferentpopulations,scientistscantracetheirancestralconnections.Theseancientmutationsareeasiesttotrackintwoplaces:inDNAthatispassedfrommothertochild(calledmitochondrialDNA,ormtDNAforshort),andinDNAthattravelsfromfathertoson(knownastheYchromosome,thepartofDNAthatdeterminesachildwillbeaboy).BycomparingthemtDNAandYchromosomes(染色體)ofpeoplefromvariouspopulations,geneticistscangetaroughideaofwhereandwhenthosegroupsseparatedinthegreatmigrationsaroundtheplanet.24.Thebesttitleforthisreadingcouldbe________.A.Exploringhumanhistory B.FindingDNAdifferencesC.Makingabiologyexperiment D.DiscoveringancestryinDNA25.WhatcanweinferfromthequoteofSpencerWellsinParagraph3?A.Adropofbloodcontainsgeneticinformationthatcantellaperson’sancestralhistory.B.TheorganizationofinformationinahistorybookissimilartotheorganizationofDNAwithinagene.C.EverydropofbloodcontainsenoughDNAinformationtofillmanyhistorybooks.D.Althoughpeoplespeakdifferentlanguages,allhumanbloodcontainsthesamelanguage.26.Theunderlinedword“bulk”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.thelargesize B.themainpartC.theweightorshape D.thequantity27.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothereading?A.TheearliestpeoplearesaidtooriginatefromAfricaandspreadacrosstheworld.B.Scientistshavefoundwaystodeterminewhetherpeoplesharethesameancestor.C.HumanDNAremainsthesameaswhatispasseddownfromtheirancestors.D.ComparingmtDNAandYchromosomescanhelpidentifyhumanmigrations.【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明白遺傳學(xué)者如何通過(guò)探討人類基因突變追蹤人類起源和遷徙的問(wèn)題?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一句“ItisbelievedthathumanstorybeginsinAfricaandendsabout200,000yearslaterwiththeirsevenbilliondescendants(后代)spreadacrosstheEarth,livinginpeaceoratwar,theirfaceslitbycampfiresandcomputerscreens.”人們信任，人類的故事始于非洲，結(jié)束于大約20萬(wàn)年后，他們的70億后代散布在地球各地，生活在和平或斗爭(zhēng)中，他們的臉被營(yíng)火和電腦屏幕照亮。其次段最終一句“Inthepast20years,however,DNAtechnologieshaveallowedscientiststofindarecordofancienthumanmigrationsintheDNAoflivingpeople.”然而，在過(guò)去的20年里，DNA技術(shù)使科學(xué)家能夠在活人的DNA中找到遠(yuǎn)古人類遷徙的記錄。第三段最終一句“Bycomparingmutationsinmanydifferentpopulations,scientistscantracetheirancestralconnections.”通過(guò)比較不同人群的基因突變，科學(xué)家們可以追溯他們祖先的聯(lián)系。和第四段最終一句“BycomparingthemtDNAandYchromosomes(染色體)ofpeoplefromvariouspopulations,geneticistscangetaroughideaofwhereandwhenthosegroupsseparatedinthegreatmigrationsaroundtheplanet.”通過(guò)比較不同人群的mtDNA和Y染色體，遺傳學(xué)家可以大致了解這些人群在全球大遷徙中何時(shí)何地分開的?？芍疚闹饕v人類起源于非洲大陸?？茖W(xué)家運(yùn)用DNA技術(shù)，通過(guò)比較世人的DNA基因突變狀況，追蹤不同族群的人是否源于同一祖先，進(jìn)而大致弄清晰他們何時(shí)何地遷徙到世界各地。D項(xiàng)“通過(guò)DNA尋祖”，最全面，能涵蓋本文主旨。為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理推斷題。第三段第一句“‘Everydropofhumanbloodcontainsahistorybookwritteninthelanguageofourgenes,’sayspopulationgeneticistSpencerWells.”人口遺傳學(xué)家斯賓塞·威爾斯說(shuō):“每一滴血都包含著一部用基因語(yǔ)言書寫的歷史書?！庇纱送茢喑觯坏窝褐邪芏嗫梢哉咽疽粋€(gè)人祖先歷史的遺傳信息。故選A【26題詳解】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第三段的其次句“Thehumangeneticcode,orgenome,is99.9percentidenticalthroughouttheworld.”全世界人類的遺傳密碼，或者叫染色體，有99.9%是相同的。第三句的后半句what’sleftisresponsibleforourindividualdifferences—ineyecolorordiseaserisk,forexample.剩下的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)（不同）確定了人們眼睛顏色和患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的差異?？芍?，我們DNA的主要部分是相同的。故選B?！?7題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)與文章第一句“ItisbelievedthathumanstorybeginsinAfricaandendsabout200,000yearslaterwiththeirsevenbilliondescendants(后代)spreadacrosstheEarth,livinginpeaceoratwar,theirfaceslitbycampfiresandcomputerscreens.”“早期人類起源于非洲，然后漸漸遷徙遍布世界各地”意思一樣，是正確的。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Bycomparingmutationsinmanydifferentpopulations,scientistscantracetheirancestralconnections.”“科學(xué)家們通過(guò)比較不同族群的基因突變，可以追溯出這些族群祖先之間的聯(lián)系”可知B選項(xiàng)正確。從第四段最終一句“BycomparingthemtDNAandYchromosomes(染色體)ofpeoplefromvariouspopulations,geneticistscangetaroughideaofwhereandwhenthosegroupsseparatedinthegreatmigrationsaroundtheplanet.”可知，通過(guò)比較不同族群的線粒體基因和Y染色體，可以幫助遺傳學(xué)家也許推斷這些族群是何時(shí)何地（在遷徙途中）彼此分開的，可知D項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)的意思是人類的DNA從來(lái)沒有變更過(guò)。而第三段第四句“Onveryrareoccasions,asmallchange,calledamutation,canoccur,whichisthenpasseddowntoallofthatperson'sdescendants.在特別罕見的狀況下，一種被稱為突變的小變更會(huì)發(fā)生，然后遺傳給這個(gè)人的全部后代”的意思是“在特別罕見的狀況下，（基因）會(huì)產(chǎn)生微小的變更，……”可見C項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的陳述。故選C。【點(diǎn)睛】推理推斷題的推斷對(duì)象主要包括隱含意思、目標(biāo)讀者、觀點(diǎn)看法、文章出處、寫作意圖等。以推斷隱含意義的題目居多。推斷隱含意義，即要求依據(jù)文章的某個(gè)句子、段落或全文所供應(yīng)的事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到、沒有明說(shuō)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。題干中常含infer（推斷），suggest（示意），imply（示意），indicate（示意），conclude（推斷，得出結(jié)論）等詞語(yǔ)。解此類題，首先找到相關(guān)信息，然后細(xì)讀、理解相關(guān)信息的字面意義，最終結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。如小題2，第三段第一句“‘Everydropofhumanbloodcontainsahistorybookwritteninthelanguageofourgenes,’sayspopulationgeneticistSpencerWells.”人口遺傳學(xué)家斯賓塞·威爾斯說(shuō):“每一滴血都包含著一部用基因語(yǔ)言書寫的歷史書。”由此推斷出，一滴血液中包含著很多可以昭示一個(gè)人祖先歷史的遺傳信息。故選ACThe90-minutelonggameinvolvestwogoals,blackandwhitecheckeredballs,goalkeeper,andnohanduse.Thissport,ofcourse,issoccerorfootball,asthemajorityoftherestoftheworldsays.It’sconfusingthatsomecountriescallthissport“football”whileAmericansandCanadianssay“soccer”,butapparentlytheBritisharemostlytoblame.ThenameconfusionisactuallythankstoBritishuniversitiesintheearly1800swhotriedstandardizingvarioussportsgamesthathaddifferentrulesandregulationstodifferentiatebetweenthem,accordingtoapaperbyStefanSzymanski,aprofessorofsportseconomicsattheUniversityofMichigan.Rugby,formerlyknownas“rugbyfootball”or“rugger”,isatranslationof“football”whereyoucanuseyourhands.Soccer,originally“associationfootball”or“asoccer”,isthetraditionaltranslationof“football”wherepeopledon’tusetheirhands.PeopleinEnglandstartedshorteningthenamesbydroppingthe“association”partofthephraseaswellasthe“a”in“asoccer”,perSzymanski’spaper.Ifyourheadhurtsfromthinkingaboutthis,preparetohaveyourmindblownbythesethingsyouprobablyneverthoughtabout—untiljustnow.Nowcomesthecomplexity:in1869,RutgersandPrincetoncollegesheldthefirsttraditional,recorded,footballgameusingauniquecombinationofrulesfrombothrugbyandsoccer,creatingwhatweknowas“Americanfootball”andwhatothercountriesrefertoas“gridiron”.ThankstothepopularityofAmericanfootball,soccerplayersinAmericakeepto“soccer”tohelpdifferentiatethemselves,accordingtotheEncyclopediaBritannica.Ifthename“soccer”stuckinBritain,andifAmericanscameupwithabetteroneforAmericanfootball,therewouldbemuchlessconfusion.Sowhydidthe“football”shortkindof“associationfootball”becomemorepopularthan“soccer”inEnglandanyway?Originally,AmericaninfluenceonBritainduringWorldWarIImade“soccer”thepopularterminEnglandbeforethe1980s,TheAtlanticreports.OncethesportbecamemorepopularintheUnitedStatesaroundthattime,theBritishstoppedusing“soccer”.Szymanski’spaperclaimsitcouldbethankstoAmericanandBritishnewsorganizationspushingeithertermineachcountry.28.Whatcausedthenameconfusionintheearly1800s?A.Gametime. B.Sportsrules.C.Ballpopularity. D.Newsorganizations.29.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?A.Thenameconfusionisbecomingstronger.B.Youcannotuseyourhandswhileplayinggames.C.Thenamesmakeitmoredifficultforpeopletounderstand.D.Makingthebestoftheheadinthesportsisextremelyvital.30.Inwhichofthefollowingdothetwobelongtothesameone?A.“Rugby”and“Soccer”. B.“Rugger”and“Americanfootball”.C.“Americanfootball”and“Gridiron”. D.“Gridiron”and“Associationfootball”.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Thenameconfusionwouldbecomeless.B.TheBritishdislikedsoccerduringWorldWarII.C.AmericansoccerwasmorepopularthanEnglishfootball.D.Historyandculturehadagreateffectonthename.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了不同的國(guó)家尤其是英美兩國(guó)足球命名比較混淆的由來(lái)。【28題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“ThenameconfusionisactuallythankstoBritishuniversitiesintheearly1800swhotriedstandardizingvarioussportsgamesthathaddifferentrulesandregulationstodifferentiatebetweenthem,accordingtoapaperbyStefanSzymanski,aprofessorofsportseconomicsattheUniversityofMichigan.(密歇根高校體育經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授StefanSzymanski在一篇論文中指出，造成這種名稱混淆的緣由事實(shí)上是19世紀(jì)初的英國(guó)高校，它們?cè)噲D將各種體育競(jìng)賽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，這些競(jìng)賽有不同的規(guī)則和規(guī)定來(lái)區(qū)分它們)”可知，在19世紀(jì)早期，是體育規(guī)則導(dǎo)致了名字的混淆。故選B?！?9題詳解】句意揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段中“Rugby,formerlyknownas“rugbyfootball”or“rugger”,isatranslationof“football”whereyoucanuseyourhands.Soccer,originally“associationfootball”or“asoccer”,isthetraditionaltranslationof“football”wherepeopledon’tusetheirhands.PeopleinEnglandstartedshorteningthenamesbydroppingthe“association”partofthephraseaswellasthe“a”in“asoccer”,perSzymanski’spaper.(橄欖球，以前被稱為“Rugbyfootball”或“rugger”，是“football”一詞的翻譯，在橄欖球競(jìng)賽中你可以用手擊球。Soccer最初是“associationfootball”或“assoccer”，是“football”的傳統(tǒng)翻譯，人們不用手。依據(jù)Szymanski的論文，英格蘭人起先縮短名字，去掉短語(yǔ)中的“association”和“asocker”中的“a”)”可知，其次段描述了依據(jù)是否運(yùn)用手來(lái)命名的困難過(guò)程，結(jié)合第三段介紹了足球依據(jù)新規(guī)則命名的困難過(guò)程。故畫線部分意思是“命名過(guò)程愈加混亂了”。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中“Nowcomesthecomplexity:in1869,RutgersandPrincetoncollegesheldthefirsttraditional,recorded,footballgameusingauniquecombinationofrulesfrombothrugbyandsoccer,creatingwhatweknowas“Americanfootball”andwhatothercountriesrefertoas“gridiron”.(困難的事情來(lái)了：在1869年，羅格斯高校和普林斯頓高校結(jié)合英式橄欖球和英式足球的規(guī)則，舉辦了第一場(chǎng)有記載的傳統(tǒng)足球競(jìng)賽，這就是我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“美式足球”，其他國(guó)家稱之為“格里迪倫足球”)”可知“Americanfootball”和“gridiron”都是指美式足球。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。最終一段中“Originally,AmericaninfluenceonBritainduringWorldWarIImade“soccer”thepopularterminEnglandbeforethe1980s,TheAtlanticreports.OncethesportbecamemorepopularintheUnitedStatesaroundthattime,theBritishstoppedusing“soccer”.Szymanski’spaperclaimsitcouldbethankstoAmericanandBritishnewsorganizationspushingeithertermineachcountry.(據(jù)《大西洋月刊》報(bào)道，其次次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，美國(guó)人對(duì)英國(guó)的影響使得soccer這個(gè)詞在20世紀(jì)80年頭之前在英國(guó)流行起來(lái)。大約在那個(gè)時(shí)候，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)變得更加流行，英國(guó)人就不再運(yùn)用“soccer”這個(gè)詞了。西曼斯基的論文稱，這可能因?yàn)橛⒚纼蓢?guó)的新聞機(jī)構(gòu)在兩國(guó)推行兩個(gè)不同的詞匯所致)”由此推斷，二戰(zhàn)期間美國(guó)對(duì)英國(guó)影響較大，soccer被英國(guó)人普遍運(yùn)用，但二戰(zhàn)之后，美國(guó)影響力減弱，于是英國(guó)人回到原來(lái)的用詞football?？赏浦瑲v史和文化對(duì)名字有很大的影響。故選D。DInanefforttofightthe“throw-awayculture”andpromotereuseandrepair,thecityofBerlinhastakentheuniquestepofopeningitsownsecondhanddepartmentstore.Thisisn’tyourgrandma’sthriftshop(舊貨商店).Itresellsperfectlygooditemsthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.ApunontheGermanwordsfor“departmentstore”and“conservinghouse”,B-Wa(h)renhaussellsawidevarietyofproducts.Farfromsimplysellingolditems,theelectronicgoodshavebeenfixedbyexperttechniciansandcomewithayear’sguarantee.And,toreachmoresecondhandshoppers,thestorewassetuprightinthemiddleofthefamousKarstadtdepartmentstore.Withthesuccessofitsinitialsix-monthtrialrun,thecityplanstoopenfourmoresimilaroperationsinotherpartsofBerlin.By2030,ithopestohaveatleastonelocationineachofBerlin’s12districts.Since2008,citypoliciesandeducationalcampaignshavereducedaverageannualhouseholdwastebyabout25poundsperresident.Italsorecyclesabout49%ofitsmineralconstructionwaste.Currently,thecityestimatesthat8%ofabandonedelectronicgoodsand6%ofhugeitemsthrownawaycanactuallybereused.Thegoalistoexpandthemarketfortheseitemsbeyondtheusualbargainhuntersandeco-consciousconsumers.“Threeyearsago,westartedcollectingallkindsofusedgoods,”cityspokespersonDorotheeWindensaid.“Therearelotsofthingsthatarewell-preservedandfunctioningbutaren’tbeingusedanymore.Thegoalistogivethesethingsanewlifewithsomebodywhocanusethem.”Thestorealsoincludesaneducationcentertoencouragemoresustainablelifestyles—andalsogaveanawardtoaprojectthatrecyclesschooluniforms,sothatparentsdon’thavetobuynewoneseveryyear.32.WhyhasBerlinopeneditsownsecondhanddepartmentstore?A.Toattractmoreshoppers. B.Topromoterecycling.C.Tofostertraditionalculture. D.Toexpandsecondhandmarket.33.InwhichaspectisB-Wa(h)renhausdifferentfromthetraditionalthriftstore?A.Thevarietyofthegoods. B.Thelocationofthestore.C.Thequalityoftheproducts. D.Theoperationofthestore.34.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Berlincurrentlyhas4second-handstoresinconstruction.B.Berlinhasbeensuccessfulincuttingitswastesince2008.C.Itisnoteasytomakethegoaltoexpandthemarketareality.D.ItisestimatedthatBerlinwillbeazero-wastecityby2030.35.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.TointroduceBerlin’snewreuseshopoperation.B.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofreasonableshopping.C.Topersuadepeopletobecomeeco-friendlyshoppers.D.Toencouragemorepeopletodonatetosecondhandshops.【答案】32.B33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了柏林政府為推動(dòng)廢棄物再利用理念而開設(shè)的一個(gè)二手商場(chǎng)的舉措?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Inanefforttofightthe‘throw-awayculture’andpromotereuseandrepair,thecityofBerlinhastakentheuniquestepofopeningitsownsecondhanddepartmentstore.(為了抵制‘扔掉的文化’，促進(jìn)再利用和修復(fù)，柏林市實(shí)行了獨(dú)特的舉措，開設(shè)了自己的二手百貨商店。)”可知，柏林要開自己的二手百貨商店是為了促進(jìn)回收利用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“Itresellsperfectlygooditemsthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.(它出售的東西都很好，否則就會(huì)被扔掉。)”和“Farfromsimplysellingolditems,theelectronicgoodshavebeenfixedbyexperttechniciansandcomewithayear’sguarantee.(這些電子產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)非簡(jiǎn)潔地賣舊東西，而是由專業(yè)技術(shù)人員修理，并有一年的保修期。)”可知，它的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不同于傳統(tǒng)的舊貨店。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“Since2008,citypoliciesandeducationalcampaignshavereducedaverageannualhouseholdwastebyabout25poundsperresident.Italsorecyclesabout49%ofitsmineralconstructionwaste.(自2008年以來(lái)，城市政策和教化活動(dòng)已經(jīng)使每位居民每年平均削減了25磅的家庭垃圾。該公司還回收了49%的礦物建筑垃圾。)”可推斷出，自2008年以來(lái)，柏林在削減廢棄物方面做得特別勝利。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理推斷題。通讀全文，依據(jù)第一段“Inanefforttofightthe‘throw-awayculture’andpromotereuseandrepair,thecityofBerlinhastakentheuniquestepofopeningitsownsecondhanddepartmentstore.(為了抵制‘扔掉的文化’，促進(jìn)再利用和修復(fù)，柏林市實(shí)行了獨(dú)特的舉措，開設(shè)了自己的二手百貨商店。)”及其他各段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了柏林政府為推動(dòng)廢棄物再利用理念而開設(shè)的一個(gè)二手商場(chǎng)的舉措，介紹柏林新的回收再利用商場(chǎng)的運(yùn)作。故選A項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyourecentlyclosedonanewhouse,youprobablystartedhousehuntinginthemidstoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Unfortunately,hostingahousewarmingin2024isprobablygoingtobehardertopulloff.Tohelp,we’vecookedupafewideasofhowtoholdapandemic-erahousewarmingparty.Thebasics:SafeAnythingthatyoudoduringthepandemicshouldfollowsomesimplerules.____36____Forexample:washyourhandsalot,weara