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2020年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語二》真題及解析材料題根據(jù)下面資料,回答1-20題?Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwould(江南博哥)liketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery?1?,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,?2?,ayoungersibling.??3?,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto?4?:apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,?5?everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy?6?.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina?7?andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.?You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan?8?youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe?9?happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo?10?anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould?11?theclockandstartover.We’veallbeenthere.??12?,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay?13?foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso?14?yourchild’sself-esteem.?Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour?15?withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe?16?ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen?17?bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills.?Certainly,it’sincredibly?18?tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourkids.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tobethebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith?19?situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand?20?fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.查看材料1.【完形填空】第(1)題選A.tediousB.pleasantC.instructiveD.tricky正確答案:D參考解析:文章第一段第一句是主題句,該句提到,“每位父母都想成為好的父母”??崭窬湟訠ut開頭,句意上出現(xiàn)了轉折,“但是如何定義好的父母是個難題”。since后給出了原因,“因為不同的孩子對待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應也是不同的”。tedious意為“冗長的;啰唆的”;pleasant意為“令人愉快的;可喜的”;instructive意為“增長知識的”;tricky意為“棘手的,困難的”,D項符合句意。查看材料2.【完形填空】第(2)題選A.inadditionB.forexampleC.atonceD.byaccident正確答案:B參考解析:前一句提到,“不同的孩子對待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應也是不同的”,空格所在句為例證,“如果換一種養(yǎng)育方式,一個冷靜而聽話的孩子可能會比他的弟弟或妹妹反應更好些”。所以用表示舉例分析的詞只有forexample“例如”最合適。其他選項:inaddition“另外”;atonce“偶爾”;byaccident“意外地”都不合適。查看材料3.【完形填空】第(3)題選A.FortunatelyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Eventually正確答案:A參考解析:空格所在句指出:還有一類父母描述起來會容易一些,這類父母是非常耐心的。第一段告訴我們如何定義怎樣才是好的父母是個難題,空格句在上下文文義上都是個轉折,幸運的是/還好,有一類父母很好描述/定義,并且各個年齡段的孩子都可以從他們的養(yǎng)育方式中獲益。故選Fortunately“幸運地;交好運地”,其他選項Occasionally“偶爾”;Accordingly“對應地”;Eventually“最終地”都不合適。查看材料4.【完形填空】第(4)題選A.amuseB.assistC.describeD.train正確答案:C參考解析:第一段告訴我們如何定義怎樣才是好的父母是個難題,第二段出現(xiàn)轉折,幸運的是/還好,有一類父母很好描述/定義,describe“描述”與define“定義”相呼應,故選c。amuse“逗笑;逗樂”;assist“幫助;協(xié)助”;train“訓練;培訓”三個選項均不符合句意,故均排除。查看材料5.【完形填空】第(5)題選A.
whileB.
becauseC.
unlessD.
once正確答案:A參考解析:空格所在句指出:雖然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母,但這并不容易。逗號前后為轉折關系,只有while“然而”表轉折,故選A。because“因為”;unless“除非”;once“曾經(jīng)”三個選項均不符合句意,故均排除。查看材料6.【完形填空】第(6)題選A.answerB.taskC.choiceD.access正確答案:B參考解析:空格所在句指出:雖然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母,但這不是個容易的差事/任務。task意為“任務”;其余選項answer“答案”;choice“選擇”;access“途徑/權限”都不合適,故選B。查看材料7.【完形填空】第(7)題選A.
tolerantB.
formalC.
rigidD.
critical正確答案:A參考解析:空格所在句指出:有時父母會很累很沮喪,這時候對待孩子就很難沉著冷靜(composed)和包容。tolerant意為“包容的”;formal意為“正式的”;rigid意為“死板的”;critical意為“批評的”。A項帶入原句符合句意,故選A。查看材料8.【完形填空】第(8)題選A.moveB.dragC.pushD.send正確答案:C參考解析:空格所在句指出:你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人,而且有時候孩子會把你逼得很緊。push意為“催促/緊逼”;此處move“移動,使感動”;drag“拖拽”;send“發(fā)送”均不符合句意,故選C。查看材料9.【完形填空】第(9)題選A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.suspiciousD.inevitable正確答案:D參考解析:空格前一句指出:有時候孩子會把你逼得很緊??崭窈笠痪渲赋觯耗銜ツ托模瑢⒆哟蠛鸫蠼?。那么后一句“失去耐心,對孩子大吼大叫”是前一句“有時候孩子會把你逼得很緊”的必然結果。mysterious意為“神秘的”;illogical意為“不合邏輯的”;suspicious意為“懷疑的”;inevitable意為“無法避免的/必然的”。帶入原句,D項符合句意,故選D。查看材料10.【完形填空】第(10)題選A.boringB.naiveC.harshD.vague正確答案:C參考解析:空格所在句句意:你會失去耐心并對孩子大吼大叫,而且有時候會說一些很傷人/刻薄的話,對每個人都沒好處。根據(jù)上下文可推知,something后面的形容詞一定是貶義的,boring意為“沒趣的;令人厭倦的”;naive意為“缺乏經(jīng)驗的;幼稚的”;harsh意為“刺耳的/嚴格的”;vague意為“含糊的,不明確的”。四個選項中,只有C項是帶貶義色彩的詞并符合句意的,故選C。查看材料11.【完形填空】第(11)題選A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup正確答案:A參考解析:空格所在句句意:你會希望時間倒流,一切重新再來。turn
back意為“(使)往回走”;takeapart意為“拆開/拆解”;setaside意為“把……放一旁/不理會”;coverup意為“蓋起來”。B、C、D三項均不符合句意,故選A。查看材料12.【完形填空】第(12)題選A.OverallB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Otherwise正確答案:C參考解析:空格所在句句意:然而,即使這是很普遍的現(xiàn)象,我們還是要牢記,哪怕只是一點點的疲憊,都會讓你對孩子說一些你會后悔很久的話。上一段描述了一般情況下父母是如何對孩子失去耐心的,并且這很普遍“We’veallbeenthere/it’s
common”,空格所在句對比上一段發(fā)生了轉折,所以要填一個含有轉折意義的詞。overall意為“全面的”;instead意為“反而;卻”,however意為“然而”;otherwise意為“否則;不然”,故選C:查看材料13.【完形填空】第(13)題選A.likeB.missC.believeD.regret正確答案:D參考解析:上一段描述了父母如何對孩子失去耐心,然后又希望時間倒流,一切重新再來,哪怕只是一點點的疲憊,都會讓父母對孩子說一些他們會后悔(regret)很久的話,故選D。其他選項like“喜歡”;miss“錯過”;believe“相信”均不符合上下文,故均排除。
查看材料14.【完形填空】第(14)題選A.
raiseB.
affectC.
justifyD.
reflect正確答案:B參考解析:結合原文語境,空格所在句句意:這也許不僅會傷害你和孩子之間的關系,而且會……你孩子的自尊,所以空格處需要填上一個動詞,這個動詞可以與后面的賓語自尊心搭配。因此答案只能是affect“影響”,故選B。而raise意為“提高,養(yǎng)育”;iustify意為“證明……正確”;reflect意為“反映”,均不能與“自尊心”合理搭配,故均排除。
查看材料15.【完形填空】第(15)題選A.timeB.bondC.raceD.cool正確答案:D參考解析:空格所在句句意:如果你總是對你的孩子失去……本文一直在探討的主題就是對孩子要有耐心,所以該空填與耐心類似的詞。cool有“冷靜”之意,所以符合題意的只能是cool,而time“時間”;bond“結合,紐帶”;race“比賽,種族”都不符合這里的語境。查看材料16.【完形填空】第(16)題選A.natureB.secretC.importanceD.context正確答案:C參考解析:AofB的結構中,名詞A主要參照的是后面of結構對它的修飾作用。0f結構在這里表示“建立對孩子寬容和耐心的……”,聯(lián)系前面提到的“我們越來越重視……”因此符合題意的是importance“重要性”,故選C:nature意為“自然、天性”;secret意為“秘密”;context意為“環(huán)境”,均不符合題意,故均排除。查看材料17.【完形填空】第(17)題選A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confusedD.confronted正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)本題語境,“事實上,在……壓力時,情緒調節(jié)或維持情緒控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一項”,壓力前面應搭配confronted“面對”,故選D。其他的選項cheated“欺騙”;defeated“打敗”;confused“困惑”均不符合題意。查看材料18.【完形填空】第(18)題選A.terribleB.hardC.strangeD.wrong正確答案:B參考解析:空格所在句句意:不可避免的……一直對孩子保持耐心??梢韵瓤催x項terrible“糟糕的”;strange“奇怪的”;wrong“錯誤的”,這三個選項都不能放在此處形成合理搭配,所以hard“困難的”更合適查看材料19.【完形填空】第(19)題選A.tryingB.changingC.excitingD.surprising正確答案:A參考解析:根據(jù)原文語境“一個更實際的目標是去嘗試,盡你最大的能力,當你面對涉及孩子的……情況時,盡可能地寬容和冷靜”。需要父母寬容和冷靜的應該是不太好的情況,選項中,trying作形容詞時意為“令人厭煩的”最合適。其他選項changing“變化”;exciting“激動人心的”;surprising“令人驚訝的”,均不能體現(xiàn)這里的含義:查看材料20.【完形填空】第(20)題選A.hideB.emergeC.withdrawD.escape正確答案:B參考解析:空格所在句句意:朝著這個目標努力的結果是,你和你的孩子將受益并從很有壓力的這些時候……,在身體和情感上感覺更好。四個選項中,只有emerge“浮現(xiàn),出現(xiàn)”最符合題意,所以選B,而hide“隱藏”;withdraw“撤退”;escape“逃避”均為負面含義,故均排除。材料題根據(jù)下面資料,回答21-25題?Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats.?Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial一for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.?Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside?Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.?Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.?Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.?Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan_______.A.pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingratsB.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileoneC.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtrainingD.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow正確答案:A參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Quinnandhercolleagues和atest定位到第一段第二句“Tofindoutifthisextendstonon—livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats”,為了查明這是否延
伸到了非生物,奎因和她的同事測試了老鼠能否從機器老鼠身上探測到社會信號。A項“從沒有生命的老鼠身上獲取社會信號”是原文的同義替換,故選A。B項“區(qū)分友好的老鼠和敵對的
老鼠”,C項“通過特殊訓練獲得社交品質”D項“向它們的同伴發(fā)出警告信息”,在原文中均未提及,故均排除。
查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot.B.Itplayedwithsometoys.C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.D.Itmovedaroundalone.正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞theasocialrobot和experiment定位到第三段最后一句
“Meanwhile。theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside”,同時,不具有
社交能力的機器人只能進行簡單的前后左右移動。D項“它獨自移動”是原文的同義替換。A
項“它跟隨具備社交能力的老鼠”,與原文“thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround”不
符,原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠跟隨真老鼠。B項“它玩一些玩具”,與原文“thesocial
robotrat…playedwiththesametoys”不符,原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠玩同樣的玩具。C
項“它釋放了被困的老鼠”與原文“thesocialrobotrat…openedcageddoorstolettrappedrats
escape”不符,原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠釋放了被困的老鼠,故排除A、B、C三項。查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey_______.A.triedtopracticeameansofescapeB.expectedittodothesameinreturnC.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligenceD.consideredthataninterestinggame正確答案:B參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Quinn和theratsreleasedthesocialrobots定位到第四段,第四段最后一句“Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,and
wantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,shesays”??蛘f:“這可能會讓
老鼠更好地記住早些時候已經(jīng)釋放了機器人,并希望機器人在它們被困住時能回報它們
的恩惠?!盉項“希望它也會這么做”是原文的同義替換jA項“試圖嘗試一種逃跑的方法”,c項“想要展示它們的智慧”和D項“覺得是個有趣的游戲”在原文當中均未提及,故均排除。查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】JanetWilesnotesthatrats_______.A.canrememberotherrats'facialfeaturesB.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizesC.respondmoretoactionsthantolooksD.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels正確答案:C參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞JanetWiles定位到第七段,第七段最后一句“Wehumans
seemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,saysWiles”。懷爾斯說:“我們人類似乎對機器人很著迷,事實證明其他動物也很著迷?!痹俳Y合第七段前面部分的闡述,會發(fā)現(xiàn)c項“對行動的反應多于對外表的反應”,是原文的類似表達。A項“能夠記住其他老鼠的
面部特征”,與原文內容不符。B項“與體型大小相比,能夠更好地區(qū)分氣味”,與原文內容不符,原文中只提到賦予機器老鼠真老鼠的氣味。D項“會被裝有輪子的塑料盒子嚇壞”,與原文內容不符,原文中只是提到機器老鼠只是裝有輪子的塑料盒子,故排除A、B、D三項。查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats_______.A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundingsB.aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimalsC.behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializingD.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected正確答案:D參考解析:題干并沒有具體關鍵詞,所以需要通過選項回到文中逐一對應。D項“對社交線索比預期更敏感”,與原文第七段第一句“Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocial
cues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots,saysWiles”,屬于類似表達,即這一發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示了老鼠對社交暗示的敏感程度,即使是來自基本機器老鼠的社交暗示,故選D:A項“似乎能適應新環(huán)境”,在文中并未提及。B項“比其他動物更活躍”,與原文不符,在文中只提到其他動物也一樣會對機器人著迷。C項“在社交活動中表現(xiàn)得與孩子不同”,與原文內容相反,原文內容指的是孩子們傾向于把機器人當作人來對待,即使他們只顯示簡單的社會信號,這一點與老鼠是一樣的,故排除A、B、C三項。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料,回答26-30題?ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.?ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.?Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfarlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.?ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn'texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.?Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?A.ThegrowthinthenumberofcorporationsB.ThegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomyC.IncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirmsD.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomics正確答案:C參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞CEOpayrise及題干中對CEO薪酬增加原因的提問,定位到第二段第一句“ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEO
talentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly”。了解CEO薪酬增長的最佳模式是,CEO人才在一個頂級公司的商業(yè)機會迅速增長的世界里是有限的。C項
“增加頂級公司商業(yè)機會的增加”是原文的同義替換,故選C。A項“公司數(shù)量的增長”,與原文內容不符,文中并不是說公司數(shù)量而是商業(yè)機會。B項“好轉的經(jīng)濟帶來的普遍加薪”,文中并未提到bettereconomy。D項“主要經(jīng)濟體之間的密切合作”,文中未提到經(jīng)濟體之間的合作,故排除A、B、D三項。查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto_______.A.fosterastrongersenseofteamworkB.financemoreresearchanddevelopmentC.establishclosertieswithtechcompaniesD.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞predecessors及today’s
CEOs定位到第三段第三句“Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant”。他們還需要比他們的前任更好的公關技巧,因為即使是一個小失誤的成本也可能是巨大的。選項中并未提到,繼續(xù)往后看“Thenthere’s
thefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries”。還有一個事實是,美國的大公司比以往任何時候都更加全球化,供應鏈遍布更多的國家。D項“經(jīng)營更全球化的公司”是該句內容的同義替換,故選D。A項“培養(yǎng)更強的團隊合作意識”,文中提到意識,只有對金融市場有很好的了解,甚至公司應該如何進行交易的意識。B項“資助更多的研發(fā)”和c項“與科技公司建立更緊密的聯(lián)系”定位段并未提到,故排除A、B、C三項。查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite_______.A.continualinternaloppositionB.strictcorporategovernanceC.conservativebusinessstrategiesD.repeatedgovernmentwarnings正確答案:B參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞the1970s定位到第四段第三句“Yetitisprincipallyduring
thisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising”。然而,首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬主要是在這一治理更加有力的時期一直居高不下。B項“嚴格的公司管理”,是原文內容的替換表達,故選B。A項“持續(xù)的內部對立”在文中并未提到。C項“保守的商業(yè)策略”,定位段并沒有提到。D項“政府的再三警告”,定位段并未提到,故排除A、C、D三項。查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps_______.A.confirmthestatusofCEOsB.motivateinsidecandidatesC.boosttheefficiencyofCEOsD.increasecorporatevalue正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞HighCEOpay及順序出題規(guī)則,繼續(xù)看最后一段,定位句是“AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asign
thatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO”。"當公司把首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬與股票價格掛鉤時,股票市場的反應是積極的,這表明這些做法不僅為首席執(zhí)行官帶來機制,而且創(chuàng)造了公司價值。D項“增加公司價值”,是原文內容的替換表達,故選D。A項“證實CEO的地位”。B項“激發(fā)內部候選人的積極性”,文中最后一段第一句提到,首席執(zhí)行官的最高薪水是付給外部候選人的,而不是付給那些舒適的內部人選,故排除B項。C項“提高CEO的效率”,定位段未提到。查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe_______.A.CEOsAreNotOverpaidB.CEOPay:PastandPresentC.CEOs'ChallengesofTodayD.CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine正確答案:A參考解析:根據(jù)題干分析文章主題詞為“CEO的薪酬”,所以排除C、D兩項。A項“首席執(zhí)行官的薪水并不高”,B項“CE0的薪酬:過去和現(xiàn)在”,而CEO過去的薪酬并不是原文中心,屬于偏離主題,故選A。
材料題根據(jù)下面資料,回答31-35題?MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.?MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.?Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thatsbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.?It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.?It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents'healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits—fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.?Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments一BritainsandothersacrossEurope—havefailedtodoso.?Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas—citycentres,schoolstreets",evenindividualroads—arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?A.Itseffectsarequestionable.B.Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.C.Itneedstougherenforcement.D.Itsfateisyettobedecided.正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Madrid’scleanairzone定位到第一段,第一段說明背景,Madrid’scleanairzone的執(zhí)行暫停,該段提到盡管能夠提高空氣質量,但是市長表示反對。一位法官現(xiàn)在否決了該市停止征收罰款的決定,下令恢復原狀。但隨著法律斗爭的進行,Madrid’scleanairzone的未來看起來也不確定。D項“它的命運尚未決定”,是原文內容的替換表達,故選D。A項“其效果值得懷疑”,與原文內容相反。B項“它遭到法官的反對”與原文不符,文中法官反對的并不是Madrid’scleanairzone,而是停止征收罰款的決定。C項“它需要更嚴格的執(zhí)行”與原文不符,文中是執(zhí)行已經(jīng)停止,故排除A、B、C三項。查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?A.Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.B.Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.C.Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.D.Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞aweaknessofthecity-levelmeasures及tackledirtyair定位到第三段第二句“That’s
becausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers--whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles--ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhose
cheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution”。這是因為他們不可避免地把清潔空氣的費用轉嫁給那些必須支付費用或購買更好車輛的司機,而不是汽車制造商,因為他們的欺騙是造成我們有毒污染的真正原因。D項“他們給個人駕車者增加了太多負擔”與原文內容一致,故選D。A項“他們對汽車制造商有偏見”,文中提到汽車制造商,卻并未提到對其有無偏見。B項“這些措施對市議會來說是不切實際的”,定位段并未提到。C項“他們被認為對政治家來說太溫和了”,定位段并未提到。查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill_______.A.arousestrongresistanceB.ensureKhan'selectoralsuccessC.improvethecity'strafficD.discouragecarmanufacturing正確答案:A參考解析:根據(jù)題干關鍵詞extension和London’s
Ulez定位到第三段“AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretospark
intenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected”。如果薩迪克·汗在2021年勝出,并按照他的意愿將其延伸至南北環(huán)路,肯定會引發(fā)更多駕車者的強烈反對,屆時他們將受到影響:A項“引起強烈抵抗”與原文內容一致,故選A。B項“確保Khans選舉成功”與原文不符,文中提到的是如果這個人贏了。C項“改善城市交通”,定位段并未提到。D項“抑制汽車制造業(yè)”定位段并未提到,故排除B、C、D三項。查看材料34.【閱讀理解PartA】Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?A.Localresidents.B.Mayors.C.Councilors.D.Nationalgovernments.正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)題干信息,問的是作者的具體觀點。定位到第五段“Butmayorsand
councillorscanonlydoSOmuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyare
actingbecausenationalgovernments--Britain’s
andothersacrossEurope--havefailedtodoso”。但是市長和議員們只能對一個比任何一個城市或城鎮(zhèn)都大得多的問題做這么多的工作。他們之所以采取行動,是因為英國和歐洲其他國家的政府未能做到這一點。D項“作者”認為國家政府應該解決這個問題,與原文內容一致,故選D。A項“當?shù)鼐用瘛?,定位段并未提到。B項“市長”和C項“議員”,出現(xiàn)在定位句,但是與原文內容相反,故排除A、B、C三項。查看材料35.【閱讀理解PartA】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies_______.A.willraiselow-emissioncarproductionB.shouldbeforcedtofollowregulationsC.willupgradethedesignoftheirvehiclesD.shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision正確答案:B參考解析:根據(jù)題干信息autocompanies,定位到最后一段第一句“requireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance”,要求汽車公司使其車輛符合要求。B項“應該被迫遵守規(guī)定”,與原文信息一致,故選B。A項“將提高低排放汽車產量”,定位段并未提到。C項“將升級他們的車輛設計”和D項“應該接受公眾監(jiān)督”在原文中沒有相關信息。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料,回答36-40題?NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.?If"entitled"isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thosebornbetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren'tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.?OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.查看材料36.【閱讀理解PartA】GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring_______.A.arerecognizedfortheirabilitiesB.areinfavorofofficejoboffersC.areoptimisticaboutthelabormarketD.aredrawinggrowingpublicattention正確答案:D參考解析:根據(jù)題干直接定位到文章第一段第一句話“NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks”,D項“(Drawinggrowingpublicattention”對應句中“theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks(近幾周的關注度在穩(wěn)步提高)”,其中attention原詞復現(xiàn),rising和growing同義復現(xiàn)。A項“承認他們的能力”,B項“支持工作機會”,C項“對就業(yè)市場持樂觀態(tài)度”,在定位區(qū)間中沒有找到這些選項相應的對應信息。查看材料37.【閱讀理解PartA】GenerationZsarekeenlyaware_______.A.whatatougheconomicsituationislikeB.whattheirparentsexpectofthemC.howtheydifferfrompastgenerationsD.howvaluableacounselor'sadviceis正確答案:A參考解析:根據(jù)題干中的aware直接定位到第二段第四行“GenZsknowwhataneconomic
trainwrecklookslike”,GenZs知道經(jīng)濟列車受到重創(chuàng)是什么樣子的?A項“tougheconomicsituation”對應句中“economictrainwreek”,在定位區(qū)間中沒有找到其他選項相應的對應信息查看材料38.【閱讀理解PartA】Theword"assuage"(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto_______.A.defineB.relieveC.maintainD.deepen正確答案:B參考解析:根據(jù)題干,可以定位到第二段第六句話“Theboomingeconomyseemstohave
donelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewho
havecollegedebt”,所以解題的關鍵是判斷“Theboomingeconomy(繁榮的經(jīng)濟)”和“generational
senseofanxiousurgency(代際焦慮)”的關系?根據(jù)常識判斷,繁榮的經(jīng)濟可以降低求職者的焦慮,再結合上一道題我們知道,GenZs是務實和謹慎(practicalandcautious)的一代。由此可以得出繁榮的經(jīng)濟并未降低求職者的焦慮,原文已有“并未”(havedonelittle),B項relieve“減輕”與我們的判斷一致,故選B。而其他選項,define“定義”,maintain“保持”,deepen“加深”和我們的判斷都不一致。查看材料39.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs_______.A.carelittleabouttheirjobperformanceB.givetopprioritytoprofessionaltrainingC.thinkithardtoachievework-lifebalanceD.haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob正確答案:D參考解析:題目中明確出題段落“fromParagraph3”。因此,第三段的第一句“chose
theirmajorwithajobinmind”,按照自己的理想工作選擇專業(yè)和D項“對自己的未來工作有明確認識”相符合。根據(jù)原文中的第二句話“未來雇主最重要的特性是工作的穩(wěn)定性,第二位是職業(yè)發(fā)展與培訓,第三位是吸引人的目標”,排除A、B兩項,C項并未體現(xiàn)。查看材料40.【閱讀理解PartA】Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare_______.A.lessrealisticB.lessadventurousC.morediligentD.more
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