大型儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)部可移動(dòng)式腳手架設(shè)計(jì)及施工方案（中英對(duì)照）

大型儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)部可移動(dòng)式腳手架設(shè)計(jì)及施工方案（中英對(duì)照）

腳手架的搭設(shè)要求及簡(jiǎn)圖:ScaffoldingErectionRequirementandSketch腳手架搭設(shè)的基本要求：BasicRequirementofScaffoldingErection腳手架的搭設(shè)過程完全按照最新規(guī)范《建筑施工扣件式鋼管腳手架安全技術(shù)規(guī)范》執(zhí)行。ErectionofScaffoldingshallstrictlycomplywithCode:BuidingConstructionCouple-typeSteelTubeScaffoldingSafetyTechnicalSpecification1.2腳手架的搭設(shè)簡(jiǎn)圖：ScaffoldingErectionSketch1.2.1總平面圖GeneralArrangement1.2.2A方向視圖SectionViewofADirection1.2.3B方向視圖SectionViewofBDirection1.2.4C方向視圖SectionViewofCDirection1.2.5D-D視圖SectionViewofD-DDirection腳手架本體的受力計(jì)算LoadingCalculationforScaffoldingBody2.1支撐整體腳手架的52根立桿的總受力：OverallLoadingon36verticalposts以腳手架處于不受風(fēng)載荷影響時(shí)的公式計(jì)算，即Calculatingwithoutwindloadinginfluence,thatis※N52=1.2*(NG1K+NG2K)+1.4*∑NQK式中，hereN36--------52根立桿所承受的總載荷，包括恒載荷和動(dòng)載荷；Overallloadingon52verticalposts,includingconstantanddynamicloadingboth.NG1K-----------腳手架結(jié)構(gòu)所有鋼管自重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值產(chǎn)生的軸向力，即恒載荷之一部分；Axialforcecausedbysteeltubeselfweight,whichispartofconstantloading;NG2K-----------腳手架構(gòu)配件自重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值產(chǎn)生的軸向力，即恒載荷之另一部分；Axialforcecausedbyappurtenancesselfweight,whichispartofconstantloading.∑NQK---------施工載荷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值產(chǎn)生的軸向力的總和，即動(dòng)載荷。Totalaxialforcecausedbyconstructionloading,whichisdynamicloadingNG1K值的計(jì)算：CalculationofValueNG1KNG1K=Wφ48*L式中，HereWφ48----------鋼管的單位重量，Wφ48=4.63Kg/m;Theunitweightofsteeltube,Wφ48=4.63Kg/m;L----------腳手架結(jié)構(gòu)中所有鋼管的長(zhǎng)度之和，L=LV+LH+Loblique+Lother,Sumlengthofsteeltubesusedinthissystem,L=LV+LH+Loblique+Lother,式中,here,LV----------腳手架中所有立桿長(zhǎng)度之和，包括：Sumlengthofverticalsteeltubes,including:LV1=6m/piece*52piece=312m------第一部分立桿長(zhǎng)度之和;Theoveralllengthofverticalsteeltubesinfirstpart.LV2=6m/piece*46piece=276m-------第二部分立桿長(zhǎng)度之和;Theoveralllengthofverticalsteeltubesinsecondpart.LV3=12m/piece*22piece=264m-------第三部分立桿長(zhǎng)度之和;Theoveralllengthofverticalsteeltubesinthirdpart.即thatisLV=LV1+LV2+LV3=312+276+264=852mLH------------腳手架中所有橫桿長(zhǎng)度之和，包括：Sumlengthofhorizontalsteeltubes,including:LH1=（12*7+6*7+2*6）m/layer*3layers=414m------第一部分橫桿長(zhǎng)度之和;Theoveralllengthofhorizontalsteeltubesinfirstpart.LH2=（12*5+4.5*5）m/layer*2layers=165m-------第二部分橫桿長(zhǎng)度之和;Theoveralllengthofhorizontalsteeltubesinsecondpart.LH3=（12*3+2.5*2+4.5*4+6*2）m/layer*4layers=284m-------第三部分橫桿長(zhǎng)度之和;Theoveralllengthofhorizontalsteeltubesinthirdpart.即thatisLH=LH1+LH2+LH3=414+165+284=863mLoblique------------腳手架中所有斜桿長(zhǎng)度之和，包括：Sumlengthoftensionsteeltubes,including:LobliqueA=6m/piece*18piece=108m-------A方向斜桿長(zhǎng)度之和；TheoveralllengthofDirectionAtensionRodLobliqueB=6m/piece*28piece=168m-------B方向斜桿長(zhǎng)度之和；TheoveralllengthofDirectionBtensionRodLobliqueC=（17+15）*2+8.5*8*3=268m-------C方向斜桿長(zhǎng)度之和；TheoveralllengthofDirectionCtensionRod即thatisLoblique=LobliqueA+LobliqueB+LobliqueC=108+168+268=544mLother--------------腳手架中所有其它短連接桿件長(zhǎng)度之和，一般情況下按立桿、橫桿與斜桿之和的20%計(jì)算。Sumlengthofotherconnectionrod,generalcondition,itsnumbershallbe20%oftotalsumlengthofvertical,horizontalandtensionrod.所以therefore,Lother=(LV+LH+Loblique)*20%=(852+863+544)*20%=2559*20%=511.8m即thatisL=LV+LH+Loblique+Lother=852+863+544+511.8=2770.8m所以so,NG1K=4.63Kg/m*2770.8m=12828.8Kg=12.83TNG2K值的計(jì)算：CalculationofValueNG2KNG2K=NG2K1+NG2K2式中here,NG2K1----------腳手架中腳踏板的重量；ThesumweightofgangplanksNG2K1=10Kg/piece*100piece=1000KgNG2K2---------腳手架中所有連接構(gòu)件的重量，一般情況下，連接構(gòu)件的重量按所有鋼管重量的10%計(jì)算，所以：Thesumweightofscaffoldingcouple,generalcondition,thecoupleweightshallbe10%oftotalsumweightofallsteeltube,therefore,NG2K2=NG1K*10%=1283Kg即thatisNG2K=NG2K1+NG2K2=1000+1283=2283Kg2.1.3∑NQK值的計(jì)算：CalculationofValue∑NQK∑NQK=∑NQKw+∑NQKm式中here,NQKw———施工過程中作業(yè)層上的人員重量，該腳手架計(jì)劃最多6個(gè)人員同時(shí)進(jìn)行工作；Theweightofscaffoldersworkingonthisstructure,maxworkeris6;∴NQKw=100*6=600kgNQKm——施工過程中作業(yè)層的器具和材料自重，Theweightoftoolsandsupportmaterialsduringconstruction,e)∴NQKm=200kg∴∑NQK=∑NQKw+∑NQKm=600+200=800kg※∴N52=1.2*(NG2K1+NG2K2)+1.4∑NQK=1.2*(12828.8+2283)+1.4*800=19254kg2.2腳手架立桿的穩(wěn)定性校核TheStabilityofVerticalRods立桿的穩(wěn)定性應(yīng)按下列公式計(jì)算：thestabilitycouldbeworkedoutthroughtheformulabelow:不考慮風(fēng)載荷時(shí)：withoutwindloadinginfulence:Ν1/φ/A≤f式中here,Ν1—每根計(jì)算立桿段的軸向力計(jì)算值,Theaxialforceofeverysectionofverticalrods,Ν1=Ν52/52=19254/52=370kg=3626Nφ—軸心受壓構(gòu)件的穩(wěn)定系數(shù)，φ=7320/λ2thestablefactorofaxesofcompresseddevice,φ=7320/λ2式中here，λ—雙排架立桿的容許長(zhǎng)細(xì)比，查表5.1.9得λ=210，見附表1theallowableslendernessratioofdouble-rowverticalrods,checkfromtable5.1.9,λ=210，seeAttachment1.∴φ=7320/2102=0.166φ48*4英標(biāo)鋼管的截面積，A=553mm2φ48*4BritishStandardSteelTubeSectionArea,A=553mm2f—Q235鋼抗拉，抗壓和抗彎強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值，查表5.1.6得，f=205N/mm2,見附表2，thedesigntensible,pressureandbendingvalueofQ235,checkfromtable5.1.6,f=205N/mm2,seeAttachment2∴Ν1/φA=3626N/0.166/553mm2=39.5N/mm2≤f=205N/mm2∴腳手架立桿的穩(wěn)定性符合要求Therefore,thestabilityofverticalrodscouldmeetrequirements.2.3腳手架滑動(dòng)輪的穩(wěn)定性校核TheStabilityofWheels∵滑動(dòng)輪的測(cè)試最大極限載荷為Pmax=800kg,ThetestmaxloadingofwheelisPmax=800kg,又∵當(dāng)腳手架處于移動(dòng)狀態(tài)時(shí)，腳手架上是沒有工作人員，所以每個(gè)滑動(dòng)輪的承重為：Whenmovingthestructure,thereisnoanyworkersonit,andsotheloadingoneachwheelis:N/52=(NG1K+NG2K)/52=（12828.8+2283）/52=15111.8/52=290.6Kg式中：N------------移動(dòng)時(shí)腳手架的凈重量，N=NG1K+NG2Khere:N-----------Thenetweightofscaffolding,N=NG1K+NG2K所以，安全系數(shù)δ=800/290.6=2.75So,thesafetyfactorδ800/290.6=2.75∴腳手架滑動(dòng)輪的選用符合要求。So,Thewheelscouldmeetrequirements.3手架移動(dòng)方案TheMovementPlanofScaffoldingTower3.1移動(dòng)時(shí)腳手架的凈重量N：ThenetweightofscaffoldingN:N=NG2K+NG2K=12828.8+2283=15111.8kg又andalso∵滑動(dòng)輪的摩擦系數(shù)為f=0.5thefrictioncoefficientofwheelisf=0.5∴移動(dòng)腳手架時(shí)所需要的拉力P=f*NtheforcetomovestructureshallbeP=f*N∴P=0.5*15111.8*9.8=74047.8N∴選用了3套10T/套的手拉葫蘆來拉動(dòng)整個(gè)腳手架是完全符合要求的。Therefore,use3setsof10T/setChainBlockscouldmoveoverallstructureandmeetrequirement.即，當(dāng)3套10T/套的手拉葫蘆同時(shí)受力時(shí)，每套手拉葫蘆的受力為P/3=74047.8/3=24683N.thatis,whenthese3setsofChainBlocksbearingloading,theloadingoneachsetofChainBlocksshallbeP/3=74047.8/3=24683N.3.2移動(dòng)腳手架時(shí)受力點(diǎn)的布置TheForcePointsArrangement如圖5D-D視圖（Fig5D-Dsketch）所示，當(dāng)要腳手架整體往罐中心移動(dòng)時(shí)，牽引點(diǎn)固定于中心集水坑旁邊，腳手架的受力點(diǎn)選擇a,d,e；當(dāng)要腳手架整體往側(cè)面移動(dòng)時(shí)，牽引點(diǎn)固定于腳手架的側(cè)面，如果牽引點(diǎn)附近有罐壁管口的話，可以選擇罐壁管口作為牽引點(diǎn)，從而免除在罐底板處焊接的次數(shù)，而此時(shí)腳手架的受力點(diǎn)選擇為a,b,和c點(diǎn)。SeeSectionViewD-D（Fig5D-Dsketch）,whenthetowerneedtobemovedtotankcenter,theforcepointsshallbefixednearthecentersump,pointa,dandeontowershallbeadoptedasconnectionpoints;whenthetowerneedtobemovedtosideway,thefocepointsshallbefixedonthesideofit.Ifthereisnozzles