2024年人教版中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解技巧課件

中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解技巧引導(dǎo)中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)Learninggoals1.Tolearnhowtofindkeywords2.Tolearnaboutthecommontestpoints3.Tograspsomeskillsofreadingandcomprehending一、考試要求《課標(biāo)》對(duì)九年級(jí)畢業(yè)生在“讀”的技能上要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)提出了如下要求:(1)能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義;(2)能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系:(3)能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測(cè)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局(4)能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料;(5)能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀策略獲取信息;(6)能利用字典等工具書進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí):(7)除教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng)累計(jì)達(dá)15萬(wàn)詞以上。二、考察能力A)部分考查內(nèi)容包括幾個(gè)重要的閱讀技能;領(lǐng)悟文章的主旨;理解文章的具體細(xì)節(jié);根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞詞義;作出簡(jiǎn)單的判斷和推理;理清指代關(guān)系:理解文章的脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu);揣測(cè)作者的意圖和態(tài)度等。在選材上，閱讀材料充分體現(xiàn)體裁和題材的多樣性和豐富性。體裁涉及記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、科普文及各種應(yīng)用文體，如廣告、海報(bào)、地圖、說(shuō)明書、商品促銷單、圖表、書信等。題材反映人物、學(xué)習(xí)、生活、環(huán)保、科學(xué)、文化等各方面的內(nèi)容。所選的大部分材料具有鮮明的時(shí)代性、思想性、教育性、實(shí)用性或趣味性。B)部分主要考查學(xué)生把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理的能力。文章在選材上，體裁以記敘文、夾敘夾議的議論文或簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)明文為主。題材主要反映人物、學(xué)習(xí)、生活、文化等方面的內(nèi)容。所選的大部分材料具有鮮明的時(shí)代性、思想性、教育性、實(shí)用性或趣味性。文章內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生、貼近生活、貼近時(shí)代?？荚囌f(shuō)明題型特點(diǎn)解讀分析江西近3年的中考真題可知，選擇型閱讀理解的考查特點(diǎn)主要有:1.文體方面:A篇為應(yīng)用文，主要是廣告宣傳海報(bào)類文章，2022-2023年都是以海報(bào)形式考查，讓學(xué)生抓取活動(dòng)信息;B篇為記敘文，主要是人物傳記、勵(lì)志故事類文章;C篇以說(shuō)明文為主，主要是介紹世界各地的風(fēng)俗文化等，如2022年C篇介紹了印度尼西亞的一年各種慶?；顒?dòng);D篇為說(shuō)明文，主要是科普類文章，如2023年D篇主要介紹人為什么打哈欠。2.話題方面:主要以介紹類、故事類、人文文化類、日常生活類、自然環(huán)境類及觀點(diǎn)看法類為主。3.詞數(shù):A篇詞數(shù)通常在90~180之間;B、C、D三篇詞數(shù)通常在220~350之間，300詞左右的居多。4.考點(diǎn):(1)A篇閱讀:3個(gè)小題(2道細(xì)節(jié)理解題、1道數(shù)字計(jì)算題/推理判斷題)。(2)B、C、D三篇閱讀:細(xì)節(jié)理解題(3~5道)、推理判斷題(2~4道)、詞義猜測(cè)題、代詞指代題、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題、段落大意題、主旨大意題、標(biāo)題歸納題(各1道)、順序排列題。解題步驟和思路1.認(rèn)真讀題，理解題意。2.抓取題干關(guān)鍵詞，原文定位3.讀原文內(nèi)容，理解文意4.分析對(duì)比選項(xiàng)5.排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，作出選擇。解題技巧1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位，尋找直接答案。2.根據(jù)題意和文章內(nèi)容，尋找間接答案。3.根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)，出處推斷。4.根據(jù)作者的思想傾向和感情色彩判斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度5.根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境、定義、舉例、反義詞或反義關(guān)系以及構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義6.根據(jù)前后文信息（一般都在前文）和代詞單復(fù)數(shù)找出其所指代的內(nèi)容7.根據(jù)首尾段內(nèi)容，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，首尾主題呼應(yīng)獲取文章主旨8.根據(jù)核心高頻詞和主題句、段提煉標(biāo)題9.根據(jù)文中的數(shù)據(jù)和信息關(guān)系進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算10.對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位和出現(xiàn)先后排序備考策略1.對(duì)于題干常見工具性詞匯如title/mainidea/infer/structure等等必須過(guò)關(guān)，確保清晰理解題意。2.積累擴(kuò)大詞匯量，注重記憶質(zhì)量。學(xué)會(huì)構(gòu)成派生詞合成詞等構(gòu)詞法;注意一詞多義、熟詞生義的把握;注重邏輯連接詞but/however/also/so等的用法和考查形式。3.精讀和泛讀相結(jié)合。精讀的目的是明確每個(gè)單詞的確切含義及其語(yǔ)言功能，掌握全文，理解文本的布局，熟悉作者的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)精讀反過(guò)來(lái)促進(jìn)詞匯記憶和應(yīng)用，同時(shí)又能達(dá)到學(xué)習(xí)他人的寫作目的。泛讀的目的是堅(jiān)持每天讀一點(diǎn)，旨在擴(kuò)大自己的視野，提高英美文化背景知識(shí)。擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面有助于提高閱讀理解能力，從而不斷豐富自己處理語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的能力。4.掌握閱讀速度，加強(qiáng)閱讀理解精讀多做限時(shí)閱讀訓(xùn)練，運(yùn)用“意群理解”的閱讀方法，可以采用略讀、跳讀、掃讀、回讀等快捷方法，在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)找到關(guān)鍵詞、主題句、作者意圖等重要信息。In2007,BarringtonIrvingbecametheyoungestpersontoflyalonearoundtheworld.Hewasjust23yearsold—andhebuilttheplanehimself.Howdidheachievethis?Irving'sinterestinflyingstartedwhenhewas15.Hewasworkinginhisparents’bookstoreinMiami,Florida.Oneofthecustomerswasapilot,GaryRobinson.Oneday,RobinsonaskedIrvingifhewasinterestedinflying.Irvingdidn'tthinkhewassmart

enough.Butthenextday,RobinsontookIrvingtoanairport.HeshowedIrvinginsidethecockpit(駕駛艙)ofaBoeing777.ThatexperiencechangedIrving’slife.Irvingreallywantedtofly,butflightschoolwasexpensive.Toachievehisdream,heworkeddifferentjobs.Hewashedairplanesandcleanedswimmingpools.Athome,hepracticedflyingonavideogame.Intheend,hegotenoughmoneyforflightschool.Atflightschool,Irvingachievedhisdreamoflearninghowtofly.Buthewasn’tfinished.Next,heplannedtobuildhisownplaneandflyalonearoundtheworld.Buildingtheplanewasdifficult.Irvingaskedmorethan50companiesforairplaneparts.Mostsaidno,buthepersisted(頑強(qiáng)地堅(jiān)持)inasking.Threeyearslater,hehadpartsworth$300,000.Columbia,anairplanecompany,agreedtobuildaplaneusingtheparts.Soon,hisairplanewasreadytofly.OnMarch23,2007,Irvingbeganhisround-the-worldtrip.After97days—with145hoursintheair—helandedbackinMiami.Acheeringcrowdofpeoplewastheretowelcomehim.Irvingsawmanyyoungpeopleinthecrowd,andthishadapowerfuleffect(影響)onhim.Hewantedtousehisexperiencetohelpotheryoungpeopleachievetheirowndreams.“EveryonetoldmewhatI

couldn’tdo,”

saysIrving.“TheysaidIwastooyoung,thatIdidn’thaveenoughmoney.Butevenifnoonebelievesinyourdream,”

hesays,“youhavetopursue(追求)it.”真題感知64.WhywasGaryRobinsonimportantinIrving'slife?A.HegotIrvinginterestedinflying. B.HesentIrvingtoaflightschool.C.HehelpedIrvingbuildaplane. D.HetaughtIrvinghowtofly.65.PuttheeventsaboutIrvinginthecorrectorder.a.Irvinggotthepartsforhisplane. b.Irvingflewaroundtheworld,c.IrvingmetGaryRobinson. d.Irvinglearnedtofly.A.c-d-a-b B.c-a-d-b C.b-c-a-d D.b-c-d-a66.WhatcanweknowaboutIrvingpersonalityaccordingtothepassage?A.Cleverandhonest. B.Humorousandresponsible.C.Politeandpowerful. D.Hard-workingandpersistent.67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A,BecomingaPilot. B.LifeinFlightSchool.C.AchievingaDream. D.BuildingYourOwnPlane.真題分析【分析】本文通過(guò)

Irving完成了獨(dú)自飛行環(huán)游世界的夢(mèng)想，來(lái)告訴我們，有了夢(mèng)想就要努力去追求它，并實(shí)現(xiàn)它．【解答】64.A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Butthenextday，RobinsontookIrvingtoanairport．HeshowedIrvinginsidethecockpit（駕駛艙）ofaBoeing777．ThatexperiencechangedIrving'slife．可知，Robinson帶Irving去了飛機(jī)場(chǎng)，向他展示駕駛艙的結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)經(jīng)歷讓Irving開始對(duì)飛行開始感興趣．故選A．65.A．細(xì)節(jié)排序題．根據(jù)第二段Butthenextday，RobinsontookIrvingtoanairport．HeshowedIrvinginsidethecockpit（駕駛艙）ofaBoeing777．ThatexperiencechangedIrving'slife，可知，Irving遇見了Robinson，他帶Irving參觀飛機(jī)的駕駛艙，所以c排在第一位．根據(jù)第四段Atflightschool，Irvingachievedhisdreamoflearninghowtofly，可知，在飛行學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)了如何去飛，所以d排在第二位．根據(jù)第五段hehadpartsworth$300，000．Columbia，anairplanecompany，agreedtobuildaplaneusingtheparts，可知，他得到了價(jià)值30萬(wàn)美元的零件，所以a排在第三位．根據(jù)第六段OnMarch23，2007，Irvingbeganhisround﹣the﹣worldtrip，可知，他開始他環(huán)游世界飛行，所以b排在排在最后一位．故正確的排序是c﹣d﹣a﹣b．故選A．66.D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)Irvingreallywantedtofly，butflightschoolwasexpensive．Toachievehisdream，heworkeddifferentjobs．Hewashedairplanesandcleanedswimmingpools．Athome，hepracticedflyingonavideogame．Intheend，hegotenoughmoneyforflightschool，可知，Irving想去飛行學(xué)校，所以為了達(dá)到夢(mèng)想，他做了各種各樣的工作，最后攢夠了學(xué)費(fèi)，由此可見他是很努力的．根據(jù)Buildingtheplanewasdifficult．Irvingaskedmorethan50companiesforairplaneparts．Mostsaidno，buthepersisted（頑強(qiáng)地堅(jiān)持）inasking，可知，建造一架飛機(jī)很難，Irving向50多個(gè)公司尋求飛機(jī)零件，大部分都說(shuō)不可以，但是他仍然頑強(qiáng)地堅(jiān)持，最后成功地得到了，由此可見，他是堅(jiān)持不懈的．故選D．67.C．標(biāo)題歸納題．根據(jù)"EveryonetoldmewhatIcouldn'tdo，"saysIrving．"TheysaidIwastooyoung，thatIdidn'thaveenoughmoney．Butevenifnoonebelievesinyourdream，"hesays，"youhavetopursue（追求）it．"可知，本文主要講述了Irving通過(guò)自己堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想，所以最適合的標(biāo)題是"AchievingaDream"．故選C．ABrightIdea

EvansWadongowasfromavillageofAfrica.Hehadtodohomeworkbythe

lightofakerosenelamp(煤油燈).

Evans’eyeshurtandthismadestudyingdifficult.Itwascommoninhisvillage.Manychildrenleftschoolforthisreason...sothey

remainedpoorfortherestoftheirlives.

Althoughstudyingwasdifficult,Evanswasanexcellentstudentandwenttoauniversity.He

continuedtoworryaboutthekerosenelamp.Bythistime,herealizeditwasnotjustbadfor

schoolchildrenbutforthewholefamily.First,itcancauseillnessessuchascoughs.Also,thelight

canhurtpeople’seyes.Besides,itcanleadtofires.Lastly,keroseneisexpensive,sofamilieshave

lessmoneyforfood.Itwasdifficulttocomeupwithadifferentkindoflampthatwascheapandgoodfortheenvironment.YetEvansdidnotgiveup.

Oneday,hehadanidea.Hecoulduseasmallsolar(太陽(yáng)能的)light.Sunlightisfreeandsolar

powerisgoodfortheenvironment.Evansbuilthisfirstsolarlamp,anditworked.Hebegantobuild

morelampsandsentthemtolocalfamilies.Anorganizationheardaboutthisandprovidedmoneyfor

himtobuildmoresolarlamps.

Eachlamponlycost$20.However,thiswasalotofmoneytomanyvillagers,whoonlyearned

around$34aweek,soEvansmadesurehekeptthecostdown.First,Evansusedrecycledmaterials.

Next,volunteersbuiltthelamps.Finally,peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoneytohisteam,

sothelampswereusuallyfree.

Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.Julia,amotherofthree,said,“ThankstoEvans,mychildrenhavelighttoread,andIhavemyownlighttocook.”Thesolarlampsmadeabigdifference.Practice58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A.Leavingschool.

B.Doinghomework.C.Havingeyeproblems.

D.Havingabrightidea.59.HowmanyproblemsaboutkerosenelampsarementionedaccordingtoParagraph2?A.6.

B.5.

C.4.

D.3.60.Putthefollowinginformationintocorrectorderaccordingtothepassage.a.Evanswenttoauniversity.b.Thousandsofpeoplehadsafelight.c.Hisfirstsolarlampwasinvented.d.KerosenelampshurtEvans’eyes.e.Recycledmaterialswereusedinthelamps.f.Peoplefrommanycountriesgaveawaymoney.A.d-a-c-e-f-b

B.d-f-b-a-e-c

C.a-d-f-e-c-b

D.a-e-c-d-f-b61.WhydoesthewritergiveJulia’sexampleinParagraph5?A.ToshareJulia’sexperience.

B.ToshowEvans’influence.C.TodescribeEvans’feelings.

D.TointroduceEvans’invention.62.WhatisEvanslikeaccordingtothepassage?A.Polite,talentedandhumorous.

B.Quiet,smartandhonest.C.Humorous,cleverandfriendly.

D.Hard-working,lovingandcreative.CCABDSummary

讀分精泛，快慢相間;預(yù)想在先，生詞不看;抓住觀點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)三看;行云流水，字里行間;材料觀點(diǎn)，銘記心間;牢記問(wèn)題，抓住關(guān)鍵;回問(wèn)查看，比較選項(xiàng);選擇答案，排除在先;先易后難，不可弄反;調(diào)整節(jié)奏，計(jì)時(shí)答完;表達(dá)方式，必須牢記;防止遺忘，勤于動(dòng)筆;邊答邊查，防止題落;節(jié)省時(shí)間，避免遺憾。HomeworkWhyistheseasalt?

Longbeforewediscoveredscientificwaysofthinkingaboutit,

we

explaineditinastory.

Eventhoughtheanswerisn'tscientific,

itholdssomeothertruthinit—especiallyaboutthehumanheart.Longago,

apooroldcouplelivedonthecoast.

Oneday,

anoldstorytellercametotheirvillage.Theoldcouplegavehimameal.

Inreturn,hegavethemacoffeemill

(磨粉機(jī))

andsaid,“Say,‘Mill,pleasegrind

(磨粉)’,”

andit’llmakewhateveryouwant,tostopit,say

‘Mil,pleasecease

(停止)

grinding’.”Soontheoldcouplehadamuchbetterlife.

They'dbeenhappypeople,

andtheydidn'tneed

muchmore.

Buttheyoungcouplenextdoorwereneversatisfied.

Whentheysawtheoldcouple

wearinggoodclothesandbuyinggoodfood,

theyburntwithenvy(羨慕).Sooneday,

theyoung

husbandwenttotheoldcouple'shousesecretlyandheard,

"Mill,

pleasegrindhotchocolate!"

Hewassurprisedtoseeitcomingout.Thentheyoungcouplestolethemillfromtheoldcouple.

Withit,

theyrodeahorseandsetoff

downthecoast,wherenoonewouldknowthem.Alongtheway,thehusbandshowedproudlyandasked,“Whatdoyouwantittomake?”

“Oh，I

don’tknow.

Whynotsalt?”

thewifesaid.

“Mill,pleasegrindsalt!”

hesaid.

“Itworks!”

thewifeshouted.

Butthentheynoticedthesaltwenteverywhere.

“Makeitstop,”

thewifesaid.

Buttheh