考研英語閱讀模擬184

［模擬］考研英語閱讀模擬184

多項(xiàng)選擇

Theoretically,ifsleepplaysanybiologicallyorpsychologically

essentialroleinthelifeofanorganism,thatroleshouldbecomeapparent

whentheorganismhasbeensystematicallydeprivedofsleep.However,in

someexperiments,subjectsdeprivedofsleepforperiodsoftwohundred

hoursormorehavebeenabletofunctiononanalmostnormallevel.The

resultsofcertainearlystudies,whichseemedtosuggestthatpsychotic

likesymptoms,includinghallucinations,lossofidentity,andbizarre

behavior,wouldroutinelyoccurafteralengthyperiodofenforced

sleeplessness,havenotbeenconfirmed.Whenthesesymptomshaveoccurred,

ithasgenerallybeeninsubjectswhosehistoryrevealedapredisposition

tomentalinstability.Inanycase,theadverseeffectsofsleeplessness

havebeenfoundtopersistonlyrarelybeyondaoneortwodayperiodof

recoverysleepfollowingtheexperimentalvigil.

Certainrelativelymildreactionstoprolongedsleep

deprivationdooccurwithsomeregularity.Handtremors,slurredspeech,

andinsensitivitytovisual,aural,andtactilestimulationarecommon

insleepdeprivedsubjects.Thereisusuallysomelossofefficiencyin

theperformanceoftasks,althoughthenatureanddegreeoftheloss

dependsonthetypeoftaskimposed.Tasksforwhichthesubjectisable

tosethisorherownworkpaceareaffectedveryslightlybysleep

deprivation.Ontheotherhand,whenthetaskitselfimposesaparticular

workpace,accuracyandefficiencyarelikelytodropdramatically.

Lengthytasksaremoreadverselyaffected,asaretasksrequiring

alertnesstofleetingsensorystimuli.Sometheoristscontendthatthe

difficultiesencounteredwithwork-pacedtasksbysleepdeprivedpersons

canbeexplainedby“microsleep”,momentarylapsesintosleepbyan

otherwisewakefulindividual.Microsleepepisodes,whilebriefandoften

undetectedbythesubject,arethoughttobelikelytocauseerrorsof

omissioninatask.

Atthecompletionofanexperimentalvigil,mostsubjectshave

a12-14-hourperiodofsleep,afterwhichmosteffectsofthedeprivation

aregone.Forthefirsttwoorthreenightsafterthevigil,theusual

patternofsleepstagesrecordedisgenerallydisrupted.Thefirst

recoverynightincludesamuchgreateramountthanusualofstage-4sleep

(thedeepestformofsleep),withcorrespondinglyshorterperiodsof

stage-1,stage-2,stage-3,andREMsleep,Thesecondrecoverynight

generallyincludesslightlymorestage-4sleepthanusual,butmore

strikingisthesharpincreasein(REMsleep),thetypeofsleepassociated

withdreaming.ThemarkedreboundinREMsleepafteraperiodofenforced

i

wakefulnessgenerallysupportsthenotionthatsomeminimumamountof

dreamingisnecessaryforfullpsychologicalhealth,althoughitleaves

obscurethequestionastoexactlyhoworwhy.

Vocabulary

psychotic[n.]精神病患者

hallucination[n.]幻覺

bizarre[ddj.]奇怪的，荒唐的

predisposition[n.]傾向

vigil[n.]守夜,不睡覺

tremor[n.]顫動(dòng)

fleeting[adj.]瞬息萬變的，快速的

episode[n.]情況,情節(jié)

electroencephalogram[n.]腦電圖

rebound[n.]增長(zhǎng)

□

第1題：

Whichofthefollowing,bestexpressestheauthor，sattitudetowards

dreaming?

A.Dreamingcanhelppeoplehaveasoundmind.

B.Minimumdreamingonlypromotepeople，sphysicalgoodness.

C.DreamingisusuallyassociatedwithREMsleep.

D.Dreamingisasymbolforpsychologicalrecovery.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

應(yīng)選[A],事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段中“someminimumamountofdreamingis

necessaryforfullpsychologicalhealth"，可以判斷做夢(mèng)對(duì)于心理健康是非

常重要的。

第2題：

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorusesthephrase^REMsleep,?tomean______.

A.akindofdeepsleep

B.akindofmomentarysleep

C.akindofshallowsleep

D.akindofmildtemper

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應(yīng)選[C],詞義句意題。作者在文中提到了五種睡眠：stage-4sleep(the

deepestformofsleep),withcorrespondinglyshorterperiodsofstage-1,

stage-2,stage-3,andREMsleep0由這里可以判斷REMsleep是一種淺睡眠。

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第3題：

AccordingtotheinformationinPara.1,wecaninferthat.

A.mostpeoplecannotbewakefulfor200hourswithoutirrevocable

symptoms

B.thosepeoplewhosufferfrommentaldisturbancearenotsuitable

toworklonghours

C.thefunctionofsleepisnotsoclearlydefinable

D.hallucinations,lossofidentity,andbizarrebehaviorare

associatedwithalengthyperiodofenforcedsleeplessness

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［B］,推理判斷題。第一段中說“Whenthesesymptomshaveoccurred,it

hasgenerallybeeninsubjectswhosehistoryrevealedapredisposition

tomentalinstability",精神不穩(wěn)定的人會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多不好的癥狀，所以我們

可以推斷這些人不適宜長(zhǎng)時(shí)間連續(xù)工作。

第4題：

Theauthorwritesthesecondparagraphmainlytoshowthattheefficiency

ofsleepdeprivedsubjects.

A.varyfrompeopletopeople

B.varyfromjobtojob

C.decreasesdramatically

D.remainconstant

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［B］,段落主旨題。作者寫這一段是為了說明長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不睡覺后，感覺器宮的

靈敏度下降，但是在不同的任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)顯著不同。選擇項(xiàng)［B］中的job和原文中

的task形成同義關(guān)系。

第5題：

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutsleepdeprivedpersons?

A.Thosewithmentalproblemsmayhavemoreadversereactions.

B.Theirworkmaybepartlyinfluenced.

C.Theyneedonlyafewdaystorecover.

D.Theycancontrolthemicrosleepanddoagoodjobinroutinework.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［D］,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。［AK［B］和［C］都可以在文章中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。同時(shí)

在文章中作者稱，“小睡眠”是無法被覺察的，而且缺乏睡眠者在步驟不變的工

作(routinework)中，其工作表現(xiàn)會(huì)打折扣。正與［D］選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相反。

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Americaisthelandoftheautomobile.Thiscountryhasonly6percent

oftheworld，spopulationbut46percentoftheworld'scars.Rightnow,

thereare97millionprivatelyownedcarsconsuming75billiongallons

ofgasolineandtravelinganestimated1000billionmilesayear.The

figuresalsoaffirmsomethingweknoweverytimewerefillourgasoline

tank.Theautomobileisaverythirstypieceoftechnology.Ofthetotal

petroleumsupplyintheUnitedStates,30percentgoestoquenchthat

thirst.Everyyearforeachpassengercar,about800gallonsofgasoline

areconsumed.

Otheraspectsofourcommitmenttotheautomobilealsobear

mentioninghere.Ittakesagreatdealofenergytomanufactureone

automobile一about150millionBTU'sofenergy.Thisisequivalentto1

200gallonsofgasoline,enoughtorunacarforabout16000miles.We

expendenergyintheprocessofshippingcarsfromfactoriestoshowrooms,

displayingthemforsaleandmakingreplacementpartsforrepairs.One

outofsixjobsinthenationisassociatedwiththeautomobilebusiness.

Abouttwogallonsofgasolineareconsumedintheprocessofmakingevery

tengallonsthatarepumpedintoanautomobile'sgastank.

Buildinghighwaysandparkinglotshasusedupmuchofourland.

Ithasbeenestimatedthatwehavepavedover21000squaremilesofthis

country，ssurface,mostofittoaccommodatetheautomobile.The

automobileisalsothelargestcontributortoournation，sairpollution

problemandaveryseriousonebecausemostofitspollutantsareemitted

inourlargemetropolitanareas.

Asidefromthegreatimpactthatwouldoccurifeveryone

seriouslypractisedconservation,oneshouldstopandthinkabouthisown

casualuseoftheautomobile.Therearenumeroussituationswherebetter

planningandawarenesscouldreallymakeadifferenceinenergysavings

anddollars.Becausetheautomobileusesthelargestpercentageofenergy-

inanaverageAmericanfamily，senergybudgetandalmosthalfofthe

dollars,theimpetusforsavingsistremendous.(362words)

a

［聽力原文］

美國(guó)是汽車王國(guó)。美國(guó)人口只占世界人口的6%,但是它的汽車擁有量占世界

46%o現(xiàn)在美國(guó)有私車9700萬輛，每年消耗汽油750億加侖，旅行里程估計(jì)約

1萬億公里。這些數(shù)字也肯定了每當(dāng)我們給油箱加油時(shí)我們所了解的情況。汽車

是需要科技的產(chǎn)品。美國(guó)總的石油供應(yīng)中30%的油是汽車消耗的。每年每輛轎

車要消耗800加侖汽油。

我們對(duì)汽車所承擔(dān)的其他義務(wù)也該在這里提一下。制造一輛汽車需要大量

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的能量，大約為一億五仟萬英國(guó)熱量單位的能量。這等于1200加侖的汽油，足

以使一輛轎車跑16000英里。我們把汽車從制造廠運(yùn)到商品陳列庫、展出銷售

和制造修理備件都要消耗能量。美國(guó)六分之一的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和汽車業(yè)有關(guān)。生產(chǎn)注

入汽車油箱的每10加侖汽油要消耗大約2加侖汽油。

建造公路和停車場(chǎng)已經(jīng)用掉了許多土地。業(yè)已估計(jì)，我們已經(jīng)鋪設(shè)了21

000多平方英里的國(guó)土，其中大部分是供汽車使用。汽車是造成我國(guó)空氣污染問

題的主要原因。這個(gè)問題很嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)榇蟛糠制嚨奈廴疚锸桥欧旁诖蠖际械貐^(qū)。

如果人人都去節(jié)省資源，那就會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。此外，人們應(yīng)該停下來

好好思考一下他自己對(duì)汽車的隨便使用。在許多情況下更好的安排和良好的節(jié)能

意識(shí)，既能節(jié)省能源又能減少開支。由于汽車用掉了普通美國(guó)家庭能源預(yù)算的一

大部分以及家庭預(yù)算的將近一半，所以它對(duì)節(jié)省的影響舉足輕重。

第6題：

Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeoplerealizethat.

A.alternatesourcesofenergymustbefound

B.carpoolshelptosolvesomeoftheenergyproblem

C.theautomobileuseslargeamountsofgasoline

D.greateffortshavebeenmadetosolvetheenergyproblem

參考答案：c

答案解析：

［答案］C.theautomobileuseslargeamountsofgasoline［注釋］作者觀點(diǎn)

題。本題問：根據(jù)作者的看法，大多數(shù)人意識(shí)到了什么？作者在第1段中敘述了

美國(guó)大量汽車消耗了大量汽油。在第1段結(jié)論句中他做概括：“Everyyearfor

eachpassengercar,about800gallonsofgasolineareconsumed.”可見,

答案應(yīng)選C。A作者并未提及。B.“汽車的集中使用有助于解決某些能源問題”

文中并未談到。D文中也未論述。故A、B、D均應(yīng)排除。

第7題：

Intheauthor，seyes,mostpeopledonotrealizethat_____.

A.themanufactureoftheautomobilerequiresmuchenergy

B.gasolineismoreexpensivethanhomeheatingoil

C.automobilespeedlowersenergyefficiency

D.oilresourcescouldsomedayrunout

參考答案：A

答案解析：

［答案］A.themanufactureoftheautomobilerequiresmuchenergy［注釋］

細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。本題問：在作者看來大多數(shù)人還沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到什么？第2段前3句寫

道：“Otheraspectsofourcommitmenttotheautomobilealsobearmentioning

here.Ittakesagreatdealofenergytomanufactureoneautomobile-

about150millionBTU，sofenergy.Thisisequivalentto1200gallons

ofgasoline,enoughtorunacarforabout16000miles.作者認(rèn)為制造

汽車需要大量能源，并認(rèn)為此事應(yīng)該在這里提出來?？梢姡谧髡呖磥?，很多人

還沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。注：commitmentto意為“對(duì)……承擔(dān)義務(wù)”。D

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項(xiàng)中runout用完，耗盡。

第8題：

Theauthorimpliesthat.

A.smallcarsuseenergyefficiently

B.anti-pollutiondevicesonautomobilesarenoteffective

C.Americanshavetoimportagreatquantityofgaseachyear

D.Americanswasteenergy

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［答案］D.Americanswasteenergy［注釋］潛在觀點(diǎn)題。本題問：作者暗示了什

么？從全文內(nèi)容來看，第1段指出，美國(guó)的大量汽車每年消耗巨額汽油。第2

段敘述了制造汽車、運(yùn)輸汽車、修理汽車和生產(chǎn)汽油也需要巨大的能耗。最后一

段中作者提出，如果人人都有節(jié)能意識(shí)，境況將大為好轉(zhuǎn)。由此可見，作者暗示，

美國(guó)人浪費(fèi)能源。

第9題：

Theauthorsuggeststhatenergysavingscouldberealized.

A.withmoreeffectivetransportationofconsumergoods

B.withbettereducationalprogramsandplanningtechniques

C.withanefficientsystemofinner-citytransportation

D.withforcefullimitationoftheuseoftheautomobile

參考答案：B

答案解析：

［答案］B.withbettereducationalprogramsandplanningtechniques［注

釋］竺在觀點(diǎn)題。本題問：作者暗示，可以通過什么來讓人意識(shí)到要節(jié)省能源？

最后一段第2句寫道：“Therearenumeroussituationswherebetterplanning

andawarenesscouldreallymakeadifferenceinenergysavingsand

dollars."由此推理，作者暗示，用更好的教育措施和規(guī)劃方法可以增強(qiáng)人們的

節(jié)能意識(shí)。

第10題:

Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.

A.America'sAnnualConsumptionofGas

B.ImportanceofEnergyConservation

C.EnergyProblems

D.Automobile一America，sThirstyMachine

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［答案］D.Automobile—AmericanThirstyMachine［注釋］全文主旨題。本題問：

本文的最好題目可以是什么？綜合全文內(nèi)容來看，本文主要論述汽車是頭號(hào)能耗

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者。故應(yīng)選D.“汽車是美國(guó)的油老虎”。

Fundamentally,theglobalenvironmentisinadesperatestateof

decline.InitiallytheGreenMovementwasseentosolvetheeverpresent

problemofreducingrunningcosts.Thisinturnhasresultedinconcern

forthedepletionofnaturalresourcesandfinallyinconcernforthe

damagebeingdonetotheglobalenvironment.Unfortunatelythegrowing

numbersoforganizationsandcommitteesdedicatedtosavingthe

environmenthaveonlybeenabletooutlineappropriateproposalsand

initiatives.Becausethereisnotabodythathastheabilitytoenforce

globallegislationtherehavenotbeenanytreatiesorlegislationthat

aregloballybinding.

Citiesareabletoaddresssocial,economicandenvironmental

issuesthroughgrassrootsplanninginitiatives.Thepowerofcollective

willandcivicambitionremindsusthathumanbehaviorcanbeshapedas

muchbyourdesignedenvironmentasbysocialpolicy,suchasgovernmental

managementandlegislativecontrol.Whilesuchparticipationcanbea

powerfulcatalystforsocialchangeitisbynomeansaneasytask,it

canbeginwithasimpleawarenessofourphysicalenvironment:Whatdoes

itconsistofnow?Howdoesitaffectourbehavior?Whatneedstobe

changed?

Thegeneralpublicneedstobeaccountabletothemselvesfor

thechoicestheymake.Bywayoftheiraccountabilitytheywillbe

maintainingandrecyclingnotonlyphysicalresources,butalsocultural

resourcesforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.Culturalpractices

traditionallydictatethedesireofthesocietyforsurvival.Decayis

inevitable,asitisaLawofNatureandwecanonlyattempttoslowits

courseofdestruction.Preservationmustbegearedtopreservethe

messagesandvaluesofculturalpropertyandidentifyculturaltraditions,

thereforea(prioritization)ofvaluesmusttakeplace；emotionalvalues,

culturalvalues,andusevalues.Eachisdefinedbyitsowntermsandin

somecaseshasoverlappingidentities.Withthisinmind,whyismodern

manlivinginexcessofwhatisenvironmentallyfeasible,therefore

hamperingtheeffortstoperpetuatesociety?Itisvitaltoworkin

conjunctionwithnature.Humanshavethepowertochangethenatural

harmonyoftheearth,butwecontinuetoacceptsubnormalanddouble

standards.

Aswillbediscussed,therehasbeensomeheadwaymadeinthe

lastfewyearsregardingtheintegrationofthebuiltenvironmentwith

greenarchitecture.However,notmuchhasbeenrealizedintermsofthe

integrationofhistoric(preservation)andgreenarchitectureinhousing.

Presentlythereareexamplesofhistoricpreservationandgreen

architectureworkinginconjunctionincommercialbuildings.

Vocabulary

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entropy[n.]信息量，燧

civic[adj.]市民的

catalyst[n.]催化劑

prioritization[n.]優(yōu)先化，列為優(yōu)先

perpetuate[v.]使永恒，永久

conjunction[n.]聯(lián)合

overlap[v.]重疊，搭接

第11題：

Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemostseriousproblemintheGreen

Movement?

A.Theyprovideonlysuggestionsandidealsbutneverputtheminto

practice.

B.Peopleneedpaymoreattentiontotheknowledgeofenvironment

preservation.

C.Desperatepollutioninmanyareasistodeprivemankindofagood

future.

D.Survivalofmankindpivotsontheirabilitytofindnewresources.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［A］,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是綠色運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要問題是什么。文章第一段講

到盡管綠色運(yùn)動(dòng)組織越來越多，但是他們只能提出理想和建議,卻沒有辦法實(shí)施。

因此［A］是正確答案。［B］、［C］、［D］講的都是綠色運(yùn)動(dòng)組織關(guān)注的一些環(huán)境問題,

因此不正確。

第12題:

Theauthorwritesthesecondparagraphmainlyto.

A.callonthepeopletogoonstreetforabetterproposal

B.letthepubliccatchontomorenewideas

C.showthatwecandosomethingfortheenvironment

D.arouseourangerforthedestructionofnature

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［C］,推理判斷題。第二段的寫作意圖在于說明我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪羞€是可以

為環(huán)境保護(hù)做點(diǎn)事情的。其它三項(xiàng)文章當(dāng)中沒有提到。

第13題:

Theauthorusestheword“prioritization“inthethirdparagraphto

mean.

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A.deteriorating

B.emphasizing

C.regarding

D.consideration

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［B］,詞義句意題。prioritization是一個(gè)派生詞，其詞根是priority表

示“優(yōu)先，重點(diǎn)”，如:Developmentisthetoppriority.(發(fā)展要先行,或

發(fā)展是硬道理)。prioritize作動(dòng)詞表示“使……成為重點(diǎn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)……”°前

面講到我們要辨別和保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)的信息和價(jià)值，因此要確定哪些遺產(chǎn)是需要優(yōu)

先保護(hù)的。所以［B］正確。

第14題：

Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytofollowthispassage?

A.Someinstancesofgreenconstructionprojects.

B.Somefamousgreenmovementleaders.

C.Someidealistsinthefieldofenvironmentpreservation.

D.Somespecificneedsofcustomersintheirprojects.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［A］,推理判斷題。作者在文章結(jié)束語中說"Presentlythereareexamples

ofhistoricpreservationandgreenarchitectureworkinginconjunction

incommercialbuildings”，因此下面應(yīng)具體介紹這些例子。

第15題：

Inwritingthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith.

A.theseriousnessofenvironmentdecay

B.GreenMovementanditsinfluence

C.greenarchitecture

D.people'sresponsibilitytoprotectenvironment

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［D］,篇章主旨題。作者的主要目的是闡述人類有責(zé)任保護(hù)環(huán)境。其他選項(xiàng)

都過于片面。

Itisclearthathumanhistorywillend；theonlymysteryiswhen.

Itisalsoclearthatifthetimingislefttonature(or,ifyouprefer,

toGod)andhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace'sfinalexit

willbeignoble.Iffuturegenerationsescapethesauriansufferingof

extinctionbyawanderingchunkofrockorice,thesun，sunavoidable

growthtogianthoodwillstillburntheirlastsuccessorsintoashes:

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onlycindersandgasesanddustwillremain.

Farfuturegenerationsmightprolongtheprocessbyposting

coloniesbeyondtheearth，sorbit,butthesewouldbesadoutpostsatthe

endofthesolarsystem'slongday,clutchingmemoriesofalostplanet

andofbillionsofsacrificedsouls.Thedifficulties——fantastic

difficulties一ofinterstellartravelmightbeovercome,butthemightiest

ofstarshipscoulddonomorethansuspendtheendoftheworld.Anignoble

existencehoppingfromplanettoplanet一clingingtoeachcloduntilit,

initsturn,wasvaporizedorfrozen一mightstillbebearablewereitnot

fortheknowledgeofitsfinaluselessness.Intheend,thereisonlydeath

bygravity,thefieryquantumpitortheheatlessgreysoup.

ThegreatviolinistJaschaHeifetzwasgreatnotleastbecause

hequittheconcertstageatpeak,beforetheshowbecamestaleorthe

audiencedriftedaway.Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetz

understood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarly

gracefulexit；allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehuman

racebychoice,notnecessitywouldbethefinalvictoryofthehuman

spiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandof

DNA.Preciselybecausenootherknownlife一formcoulddoorevenconceive

suchathing,humanitymust.

Moresciencehasrevealedonlyoneplaceintheuniversethat

ishospitabletointelligentlife,andhumansaretheonlyintelligence

that,asfarasisknown,haseverenjoyedtheopportunitytooccupyit.

Ifpeopleleftthestageafterareasonablerun,inthefullnessoftime

intelligencecouldevolveagain(dolphin-people?Chimp-people?orchid

people?).Andthen,induecourse,whenthisnewspeciesdecipheredhuman

booksorreachedthemarkerthatmightbeleftforthemonthewindless

moon,theywouldknowthatmanendedhisdominionsothattheirsmight

begin.Imagine,then,howtheywillregardus.Itis,farandaway,the

greatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawhole

species；anact,almost,ofangels.

Vocabulary

ignoble[adj.]不光彩的

saurian[n.]晰蜴類

cinder[n.]煤渣,灰燼

outpost[n.]前哨,邊區(qū)村落

interstellartravel[航空]星際航行clod[n.]

土塊

sublime[adj.]莊嚴(yán)的，崇高的decipher

[v.]譯解(密碼等),解釋

10

第16題：

Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybehumanbeing，sbestchoiceaboutits

future?

A.Leavingthetimingtonature.

B.Thesaurian-likeelimination.

C.Beingeliminatedbythesun，sunavoidablegrowthtogianthood.

D.Leavingthetimingtohumanbeingitself.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［D］,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句所述“如果把選擇留給自然或上

帝，人類一直堅(jiān)持到血腥的末日，那么人類的最終退場(chǎng)將是不光彩的”。由此可

知答案［D］“人類最好將選擇留給自己”正確。選項(xiàng)［A］是第一段第二句提到的一

種不光彩的選擇，［B］意為“像蜥蜴一樣滅絕"，［C］意為“由于太陽的膨脹而滅

絕”，都是作者不取的選擇。

第17題：

Accordingtothewriteruinterstellartravelnservesas.

A.apracticalwaytoescapetheendoftheworld

B.nothingmorethanpostponingtheendoftheworld

C.awayhoppingfromplanettoplanet

D.awaytoescapefromgravity

參考答案：B

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［B］,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句話的后半句“星際飛船所能做的

莫過于推遲世界的末日而已”，句中的suspend與答案［B］中的postpone同義。

答案［A］意為“逃離世界末日的可行方法”，［C］意為“在星際間跳躍的方法”；

［D］意為"擺脫地球引力的方法”，三項(xiàng)都與文意不符。

第18題:

ThewritercitesJaschaHeifetz'sexamplebecause.

A.heisafamousviolinist

B.hequittheconcertstageathispeak

C.hisquittingthestagegivessomeinspirationtohumanbeings

D.heisadornedbyhisaudience

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［C］,推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“像Heifetz所理解的那樣光彩

地退出是一件莊嚴(yán)的事情”所以此處引用Heifetz的例子只是因?yàn)樗男袨榻o人

類以啟示。答案［A］、［D］與文意不符，因?yàn)槠渌男√崆偌彝瑯右部梢詾橛^眾

所喜歡；答案［B］為干擾項(xiàng)，其意包括在答案［C］中。

11

第19題：

Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybethereasonforhumanbeing，sleaving

thestage?

A.Theforceofthenature.

B.TheforceofGod.

C.Humanbeing，srationality.

D.ThecommandofDNA.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［C］,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段末句“沒有其他的生命體可以做到甚至

想到這樣的事情，但人類可以”。再結(jié)合前面的表述不難看出退出是人類的理性

使然。選項(xiàng)［A］、［B］、［D］都是作者否定了的選擇。

第20題：

Thewriterthinkshumanbeing，sleavingthestagecanbeanyofthe

followingBUT.

A.thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated

B.theennoblementofawholespecies

C.anact,almost,ofangels

D.humanbeing，shavingnoalternative

參考答案：D

答案解析：

應(yīng)選［D］,推理判斷題。第四題提到人類的退出是一種理性的選擇，這就否定了

［D］,即人類別無選擇。選項(xiàng)［A］、［B］、［C］分別意為“最仁慈的行為”，“整個(gè)

物種的高貴”及“幾乎是天使的舉動(dòng)”都是作者用以褒揚(yáng)人類的舉措的。

Whentheyadviseyourkidsto“getaneducation“ifyouwanttoraise

yourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanis

togetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,but

nottoomuchthatprovesanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.

Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youare

occupationallydead,unlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaw

orThomasAlvaEdisonandyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.

Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareon

thelaunchingpad（發(fā)射臺(tái)）.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.

Ifyougoforamaster'sdegree,makesureitisaM.B.A.,andonly

fromafirst-rateuniversity.Beyondthis,thefamouslawofdiminishing

returnsbeginstotakeeffect.

Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearn

moreayearthanfullprofessors?Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthose

truckerswas$24000,whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoaveragejust

$23930.

12

APh.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget,butexceptinafew

specializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistry,wherethedegreecan

quicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,youarefacing

adimfuture.TherearemorePh.D.sunemployedorunderemployedinthis

countrythaninanyotherpartoftheworldbyfar.

IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryor

anthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguageor-worstofall-in

philosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournational

demands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.

ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcabs,waiting

ontablesandfillingoutfruitlessapplicationsmonthaftermonth.And

thenmaybetakingajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpays

muchlessthanthejanitor(看門人)earns.

Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducation

onlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnational

product,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.(385

words)

［聽力原文］

如果你想增加收入，別人勸你的孩子“得到一種學(xué)歷”，那他們只說對(duì)了一半。

他們的真正意思是只要得到的教育能為社會(huì)提供勞動(dòng)力就夠了，不要接受太多的

教育而讓社會(huì)感到左右為難，不好處理。

至少要得到一張中學(xué)文憑。沒有這張文憑你在求職上寸步難行，除非你的

名字碰巧是喬治伯納德蕭或托馬斯奧爾弗愛迪生，那你小學(xué)沒有畢業(yè)也行。

如有可能，得一個(gè)大學(xué)學(xué)位。有了文學(xué)士學(xué)位，你就有扶搖直上的本錢了。

但是得了學(xué)士學(xué)位以后你就得開始踩剎車了。如果你要讀碩士學(xué)位，那一定得讀

工商管理學(xué)碩士，而且必須是名牌大學(xué)的。再往上學(xué)，那著名的回報(bào)降低法則就

要開始起作用了。

例如，你是否知道長(zhǎng)途卡車司機(jī)一年掙的錢比正教授還多呢？是的，1977

年長(zhǎng)途卡車司機(jī)的平均年薪是$24000,而正教授的平均年薪只有$23930o

博士學(xué)位是你能得到的最高學(xué)位，除了在物理或化學(xué)這樣的幾個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域

里博士學(xué)位能很快用于工業(yè)或商業(yè)目的，否則你的前景十分渺茫。博士生的失業(yè)

或半就業(yè)狀況在美國(guó)比世界其他地區(qū)遠(yuǎn)為普遍。

如果你得了英語博士或歷史學(xué)博士或人類學(xué)博士或政治學(xué)博士或語言學(xué)

博士，或最糟糕的一哲學(xué)博士，那就國(guó)家需求而言你是冒著接受過量教育的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

并不是就我們的需要而言，你要注意，而是就我們的需求而言。

成千上萬的博士生在賣鞋、開出租、當(dāng)餐廳服務(wù)員并且月復(fù)一月地在填寫

毫無結(jié)果的求職表。然后或許在一個(gè)中學(xué)里或一座窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤的大學(xué)里找到一份工

作，其工資比門房還低。

你可以把收入水平和受教育水平等同起來，只有在這種程度上,也就是說,

13

你所受的教育能使你增加國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的，而不是在那種程度上，即任何人也不

會(huì)把收益的一大部分分到你的頭上。

第2