Unit1Friends知識點梳理牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊

Unit1Friends1.I’mhungry,Eddie.I’mthirstytoo.behungry感到餓bethirsty感到渴e.g.Areyouthirstyafteralongwalk?2.CanIhavesomethingtodrink?somethingtodrink一些喝的東西somethingtoeat一些吃的東西e.g.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Isthereanythingtoeatinthefridge?不定代詞something通常用于肯定句和表示請求、建議的問句中，anything常用于否定句、疑問句和表示強調(diào)的肯定句中。nothing在句中表示否定=notanything3.CanIhavesomemorefood?some或數(shù)詞+more+名詞表示在原基礎(chǔ)又增加了一定數(shù)量。如：Doweneedsomemorewater?Hewantstoeattwomoreapples.4.Doeshe/shecareaboutyouwhenyouaresad?careabout關(guān)心，關(guān)懷e.g.Goodfriendsshouldcareabouteachother.5.keepasecret(forsb.)(為某人）保守秘密e.g.Lily,willyoukeepasecretforme?6.makesmehappy（1）makesb.+adj.使某人……e.g.Ilikemydogbecauseitcanmakemehappy.（2）makesb.dosth.使某人做某事（3）make系動詞，“成為，算得上”Whatmakesgoodfriends?Well,goodfriendsshouldbehonestandhelpful.(4)makefriends交朋友7.sharemyjoy(withsb.)（和某人）分享快樂e.g.Listentomysongoflifeandsharemyjoy.8.Youcantrustthembecausetheynevertelllies.trustthem信任他們e.g.Hewillnevertrustyouagain.telllies說謊e.g.It’swrongtotelllies.9.Theycanalsotellyoufunnyjokes.tellfunnyjokes講滑稽的笑話e.g.Hetellsfunnyjokesandalwaysmakesmelaugh.10.Bettyisoneofmybestfriends.oneofmybestfriends我最要好的朋友之一結(jié)構(gòu)：oneof+one’s/the+最高級+名復e.g.TheYangtzeRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.11.Sheiswillingtosharethingswithherfriends.bewillingtodosth.樂意做某事e.g.Iamwillingtoworkwithher.12.Sheisalsohelpfulandreadytohelppeopleanytime.句中anytime也可改寫作anytime，意思是“在任何時候，隨時”。注意該詞是副詞，前無需再加介詞at。如：Callmeanytime.Shehelpsmewithmyhomeworkandshealwaysgivesherseatonthebustosomeoneinneed.helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.dosth.e.g.Doyouoftenhelpyourparentswithhousework?someoneinneed表示“有需要的人”。e.g.ProjectHopehelpsthosechildreninneed.14.Shewantstobeasingerwhenshegrowsup.growup成長，長大e.g.Whatwouldyouliketodowhenyougrowup?15.Heisthetallestinourclass–almost1.75metres.tall(原級)高taller(較級)更高tallest(最高級)最高形容詞通常有三種等級。在句中，最高級通常必須要和the或“某人的”一類詞連用。如：mybestfriend,thetallestboyWhenhewalkspastourdesks,heoftenknocksourbooksandpensontothefloor.knockourbooksontothefloor把我們的書撞落到地板上knockat/onthedoor(thewindow)敲門（窗）e.g.Whoisknockingthedoor?17.Shesmilesoftenandneversaysabadwordaboutanyone.neversayabadwordaboutanyone從不說任何人的壞話指人的不定代詞：someone/somebody常用于肯定句中，anyone/anybody常用于疑問句和否定句中，noone/nobody“沒人”用來表示否定。e.g.Weshouldhelpwhensomeoneisinneed.18.befamousfor…因……出名e.g.Thiscityisfamousforitsbeautifuloldbuildings.19.makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友e.g.Heisverygenerousandmanypeopleliketomakefriendswithhim.20.travelaroundtheworld環(huán)游世界21.wouldliketodosth.=wanttodosth.想要做某事22.worksofart藝術(shù)品work工作（不可數(shù)名詞）;作品（可數(shù)名詞）learnmoreabout…更多地了解……as+形容詞或副詞原級+as…與……一樣……e.g.Thisputerisasexpensiveasthatone.JimstudiesashardasDaniel.What’shelike?(1)他是個什么樣的人？（問性格、品質(zhì)等）（2）他長什么樣子？（問長相）=Whatdoeshelooklike?e.g.Whatisyourbrotherlike?He’skindandhonest.She’sasmallgirlwithaponytail.asmallgirlwithaponytail一個留馬尾辮的小女孩e.g.Heisaboywithasquareface.bored,excited,tired都用來描述人的感受，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：sb.+bebored/excited/tired.（某人感到……）boring,exciting,tiring都用來描述事情或事物，可作表語或定語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：sth.+beboring/exciting/tiring.（某事令人……）或boring/exciting/tiring+名詞（……的事情/事物）★ed形式修飾人，ing形式修飾事。e.g.I’mso________aboutthe________news.同步練習一、單項選擇1.－Weshouldhavepitychildrenlivinginpoorareas.－That'swhyIraisemoneyProjectHope.A.on;for B.about;to C.with;from D.in;for【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意“我們應(yīng)該同情生活在貧困地區(qū)的小孩。那就是為什么我要籌錢給希望工程”。on在……上；for為了；about關(guān)于；to到；with和；from從；in在……里。第一空處，havepityon同情……，第二空處raisemoneyfor為……籌錢，故選A。2.－Ihadsleeplastnight.－NowIknowwhyyoufeelquitesleepynow.A.abit B.much C.little D.few【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“我昨晚幾乎沒睡覺?，F(xiàn)在我知道為什么你現(xiàn)在感覺有點困倦”。A.abit修飾動詞、形容詞和比較級；B.much，許多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；C.little幾乎沒有，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定；D.few幾乎沒有，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示否定。sleep為不可數(shù)名詞，譯為睡眠，且根據(jù)NowIknowwhyyoufeelquitesleepynow可知，表示“昨天晚上幾乎沒睡覺”，表示否定。故選C?！军c睛】littlefew表示否定alittleafew表示肯定+不可數(shù)名詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)3.－HowaboutgoingtoSuzhouCenteronfoot,dear?－Ifitrainynow.A.won't B.isn't C.don't D.doesn't【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意“親愛的，步行去蘇州中心怎么樣？如果現(xiàn)在不下雨”。根據(jù)句意可知，第二句話完整形式為Ifitisn’trainynow,we‘llgotoSuzhouCenteronfoot。if引導的條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時，排除A。且空后有形容詞rainy，用isn’t，不能用助動詞doesn't故選B。4.－Wow!You'vegotsomanybags.－Butofthemareinfashionnow.A.all B.both C.each D.none【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“哇嗚，你得到了如此多的包。但是所有的現(xiàn)在都不時髦了”。A.（三者或三者以上）都；B.（兩者）都；C.（兩者）每一個；D.（三者或三者以上）都不。根據(jù)You'vegotsomanybags可知，表示“三者或三者以上”，排除B和C。且根據(jù)but可知，表示“他們都不時尚了”，表示否定，故選D。5.－moreabouttomorrow'sweather,youcancall96121.－OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.Knowing C.Toknow D.Knew【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“想知道更多明天的天氣，你可以撥打96121。好的，我會的，謝謝”。這里沒有連詞，所以不能用謂語動詞know，根據(jù)句意可知，表示“想要知道”，表示目的，用todo，故選C。6.AftermytriptoBeijing,Imustsayit'stherethaninSuzhou.A.muchdrier B.muchdry C.moredry D.moredrier【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意“去北京旅行完之后我必須說那里比蘇州更干燥”。根據(jù)than可知，用比較級，且dry的比較級為drier，排除B和C。much可以修飾形容詞比較級，而more不能修飾形容詞比較級，故選A?！军c睛】可以修飾形容詞比較級的詞：alittle,abit,alot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等。7.TheNBAplayersarebusyfortherestoftheseason.A.prepare B.toprepare C.prepared D.preparing【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“NBA的球員忙于準備余下的賽季”。根據(jù)bebusydoing“忙于做某事”可知，故選D。8.Ifyougo,atleastwaittilltherainstops.A.can B.may C.will D.must【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“如果你必須要走，至少等到雨停”。can能，會（表示現(xiàn)在的能力）；B.may可能；C.will將要；D.must一定，必須。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“必須要走”，故選D。9.Lifeisn'taboutwaitingforthestormtopass.It'saboutlearningintherain.A.dance B.todance C.dancing D.danced【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意“生活不是要等待暴風雨過去，而是要學會在雨中跳舞”。根據(jù)learntodo“學習做某事”可知，故選B。10.Dr.WatsonandSherlockHolmesdinnerwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.A.eat B.areeating C.wereeating D.ate【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“沃森先生和福爾摩斯正在吃飯，突然有人敲門”。A.一般現(xiàn)在時；B.現(xiàn)在進行時；C.過去進行時；D.一般過去時。根據(jù)was可知，用過去時，且根據(jù)句意可知，表示“正在吃飯”，所以用過去進行時，故選C。11.Thesentencestructureof"WelikeEnglish."is.A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC【答案】A【解析】【詳解】WelikeEnglish，主語為we，謂語為like，賓語為English。主語S；謂語V；賓語O。所以結(jié)構(gòu)為S+V+O。故選A。12.Boysandgirls,followtheanddoitcarefully.A.discussion B.directions C.applications D.instructions【答案】D【解析】【詳解】句意“孩子們，聽從指示，并認真地做”。本題考察名詞辨析。A.討論；B.方向；C.應(yīng)用；D.指示。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“遵從指示”，故選D。13.yearsgoby,youwillknowhowusefulEnglishis.A.As B.When C.Since D.While【答案】A【解析】【詳解】句意“隨著一年一年地過去，我們將會知道英語是多么地有用”。A.當……時候，隨著；B.當……時候，后即可以加延續(xù)性動詞，也可以加非延續(xù)性動詞；C.自從；D.當……時候，后只能加延續(xù)性動詞。asyearsgoby隨著一年一年的過去，故選A。14.Thereiswateralloverthefloor.Wouldyouplease?A.tomopitup B.mopitup C.mopupit D.tomopupit【答案】B【解析】【詳解】句意“地上都是水，你能把它拖掉嗎？”。根據(jù)wouldyoupleasedo可知，用動詞原形，排除A和D；且在“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若賓語為代詞，代詞放中間，故選B。15.－Ithinkthefilmanawfulone.Whataboutyou?－.Ittellsalongandboringstory.A.Idon'tthinkyouareright B.Idon'tthinksoC.Icouldn'tagreemore D.Ican'tagreewithyou【答案】C【解析】【詳解】句意“我認為這個電影很糟糕。你呢？我十分同意你，它講了一個又長又無聊的故事”。A.我認為你不對；B.我不這么認為；C.我十分同意你；D.我不同意你。根據(jù)Ittellsalongandboringstory可知，第二個人的想法和第一個人一樣，所以是“我十分同意你”，故選C。二、完形填空Theroomintheworkhousewheretheboyswerefedwasalargestonehall.Atoneend,themaster,inhiscook’suniform,andtwowomenpreparedthe____16____.ThisincludedabowlofthinsoupthreetimesadaywithapieceofbreadonSundays.Theboysateeverythingandwerealwayshungry.Thebowlsneverneeded____17____.Theboyspolished（擦亮）themwiththeirspoonsuntiltheyshone.Afterthiscontinuedforthreemonths,oneoftheboystoldtheothersthathewasso____18____thatonenighthemighteattheboysleepingnexttohim.Hehadawildhungryeyeandtheotherboys____19____him.AfteralongdiscussiontheydecidedthatoneofthemshouldaskformorefoodaftersupperthateveningandOliverwas____20____.Theeveningarrived:thesoupwasreadyandthe____21____wereemptyagaininafewseconds.Oliverwentuptothemaster,withhisbowlinhishand.Hefeltvery____22____,butalsohelplesswithhunger.“Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.”Themasterwasafat,healthyman,butheturnedverypale.Helookedatthelittleboyinfrontofhimin____23____.Nobodyelsespoke.“What?”heaskedatlast,inalowvoice.“Please,sir.”repliedOliver,“Iwantsomemore.”Themaster____24____himwithabigspoonthencaughtOliver’sarmsandshoutedforthebeadle（執(zhí)事）.Thebeadlecamequickly,heardtheterrible____25____,andrantotelltheboardatonce.16.A.gift B.award C.food D.table17.A.washing B.tidying C.buying D.changing18.A.hungry B.angry C.lonely D.sleepy19.A.accepted B.punished C.hated D.believed20.A.allowed B.chosen C.noticed D.found21.A.plates B.bowls C.hands D.rooms22.A.excited B.proud C.tired D.afraid23.A.danger B.place C.trouble D.surprise24.A.hit B.greeted C.fed D.warned25.A.voice B.question C.news D.sound【答案】16.C17.A18.A19.D20.B21.B22.D23.D24.A25.C【解析】【導語】本文出自文學作品《霧都孤兒》，講述了童工的悲慘生活，為了尋求更多的食物，他們推選Oliver出面，結(jié)果他受到了懲罰?！?6題詳解】句意：在一端，穿著廚師制服的管事和兩個女人在準備食物。gift禮物；award獎勵；food食物；table桌子。根據(jù)“cook’suniform”可知是在準備食物，故選C?！?7題詳解】句意：這些碗根本不需要洗。washing洗；tidying整理；buying買；changing改變。根據(jù)“Theboyspolished（擦亮）themwiththeirspoonsuntiltheyshone”可知碗是不需要洗的，故選A?！?8題詳解】句意：這樣持續(xù)了三個月后，其中一個男孩告訴其他人，他太餓了，可能會在某天晚上吃掉睡在他旁邊的男孩。hungry饑餓的；angry憤怒的；lonely孤獨的；sleepy困倦的。根據(jù)“onenighthemighteattheboysle