新教材高中英語課時練習(xí)十三Unit5StartingoutUnderstandingideas課件外研版選擇性

十三Unit5

Startingout&Understandingideasappreciatetrappedconservation5.Thecitywas__chaosafterthesevereearthquake.6.Thepopulationhasreduced___________(dramatic)becauseofthewar.7.Thosenurses____________(subsequent)receivedawardsfortheirselflesscontributions.8.Khartoumhas________(explode)withangerataccusationsofblasphemyinthepast.9.Buthe______(turn)outtobeimmatureandirresponsible.10.Shetookoverhisworkafterhis_________(depart).

indramaticallysubsequentlyexplodedturneddeparturecameupwithinconsequencewastrappedin4.Wehumanbeingsaredoingdamagetonature,and______,natureisalsoaffectingman’slife.

5.Thenumberofpoormenis______________astheeconomyisgrowing.

6.Sinceyourson________________music,youshouldcultivatehistalentinthisfield.

7.Hewrotealettertohisteacherwherehe_____hissuccess__histeacher.

inturnonthedecreasehasanappetiteforowedtonor/neitherwillIwithastickinhishandnotuntilhiswifepassedawaymadeitpossible5.Theoldmanwouldsitinfrontofthehouse,___________________________________.

老人會坐在屋子前面,望著遠(yuǎn)處的山。staringatthemountainsinthedistanceⅣ.結(jié)合課文主題使用本單元詞匯與句型,根據(jù)提示寫一篇80詞左右的短文1.近年來,據(jù)研究表明,雪豹(snowleopard)的數(shù)量有了顯著的增加。2.但是之前,它們的棲息地被嚴(yán)重破壞了。3.很多山坡由于冰雪融化而導(dǎo)致坍塌,這對雪豹的生存產(chǎn)生了巨大威脅,致使雪豹數(shù)量減少。4.保護(hù)區(qū)隨之建立,以保護(hù)這種珍稀的動物。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Asweallknow,thehabitatofsnowleopards,afirst-classnationalprotectedanimal,wasseriouslydestroyedyearsago.Manyhillsidescollapsedowingtothemeltingofsnow,whichthreatenedtheirsurvivalandthenumberofsnowleopardsdecreasedsharply.Inordertoprotectthem,naturereserveshavebeensetup,wheretheyarewellprotected.Oureffortshavefinallypaidoff.Inrecentyears,accordingtostudies,thenumberofsnowleopardshasmultiplieddramatically.【主題閱讀】Ⅰ.閱讀理解A

Themomentyouopenyoureyesinthemorning,youcanfeelsweatrunningdownyourbody,evenifyou’rebarelymovingatall.That’swhatmostpeopleinChinafeltlikethissummer.Infact,theentirenorthernhemisphere(半球)sawhightemperaturesinJuly.TheArcticCirclewasnoexception.TemperaturesinthecityofNorilsk,whichisintheArcticCircle,reachedarecordhighof32℃,the

Atlanticreported.Temperaturesthereareusuallyjust10℃atthistimeoftheyear.

TheheatwaveintheArcticismainlyalong-termresultofglobalwarming,accordingtotheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciences.Actually,whilethewholeworldisgettingwarmer,theArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanet.Thisiscalledthepolaramplificationeffect(極地放大效應(yīng)).

ThemostdirectimpactofArcticwarmingisthemeltingofArcticice.AccordingtoNASA,Arcticseaiceisnowdisappearingatarateof13.2percentevery10years.NASAsaidthatifthiscontinues,theArcticwillhavenoicebytheyear2040.ThishasputsomeArcticanimals,likepolarbears,indanger.Theicethatthebearsliveonhasshrunk,theToronto

Starreported.Meltingicecanalsocausesealevelstoriseinthelongterm.Since1993,sealevelshaverisenatarateof3.2cmevery10years,theGuardianreported.Somecountries,suchasTuvalu(圖瓦盧)intheSouthPacificOceanandMaldives(馬爾代夫)intheIndianOcean,areatriskofdisappearingintothesea.【文章大意】本文是說明文。文章主要說明由于全球變暖,北極地區(qū)遭到熱浪襲擊以及帶來的影響。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.TheheatwaveintheArctic.B.Theresultofglobalwarming.C.Gettingwarmerintheworld.D.TheArcticgettingwarmfaster.【解析】選D。詞義猜測題。畫線詞前一句提到“whilethewholeworldisgettingwarmer,theArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanet.”而This指代前一句的內(nèi)容。由此可知,This是指北極變暖的速度更快。故選D。3.WhatmayhappentotheArcticanimals?A.They’llnotdisappearinthefuture.B.They’llliveontheland.C.They’llgraduallyhavenohabitat.D.They’llshrink.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“theArcticwillhavenoicebytheyear2040.ThishasputsomeArcticanimals,likepolarbears,indanger.”可知,由于冰層縮小,北極的動物將逐漸失去它們的棲息地。故選C。4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Arcticanimalsareindanger.B.HeatishittingtheArctic.C.Theworldisgettingwarmerthanbefore.D.Somecountriesmaydisappearintothesea.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“TheArcticCirclewasnoexception.”,第三段中的“TheheatwaveintheArcticismainlyalong-termresultofglobalwarming”以及第四段中的“ThemostdirectimpactofArcticwarmingisthemeltingofArcticice.”可知,文章是主要講了熱浪正在襲擊北極地區(qū)以及帶來的不良影響。故選B。Bingeinghasotherconnections—bingeeating,bingedrinkingandbingesmoking.Allofthemareoftenassociatedwithalackofcontrolandapossibleroutetoaddiction.LindseyFussell,consumergroupdirector,said:“Thedaysofwaitingaweekforthenextepisodearelargelygone,withpeoplefindingithardtoresistwatchingmultipleepisodesaroundthehouseoronthemove.”Ifpeoplefindbinge-watchinghardtoresist,arewewitnessingthebirthofanewtypeofaddiction?5.Howdidthewriterdevelopthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivingadefinition.B.Bytellingastory.C.Bylistingsomeexamples.D.Byanalyzingthecauseandeffect.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中Binge-watchingiswhenapersonwatchesmorethanoneepisodeofashowinquicksuccession.可知,刷劇指一個人在短時間內(nèi)連續(xù)看多集電視劇,這是對刷劇的定義,由此可推斷作者是通過給出Binge-watching的定義來開啟文章的,故選A。6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“concurrently”inParagraph2?A.forconvenience

B.atthesametimeC.indetail D.freeofcharge【解析】選B。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在后文可知當(dāng)這一集結(jié)束后,許多平臺會彈出“你可能會喜歡”的提示,或者會自動播放下一集。由此可知,通常情況下,不是每周發(fā)布一集,而是同時發(fā)布一整部。故可推斷concurrently在本句中意為“同時”,與atthesametime同義,故選B。7.WhatLindseysaidinParagraph4impliesthat______.

A.peoplecan’tcontroltheirfeelingsB.peoplecan’tresistthetemptationC.peoplehavenopatiencetodoworkD.peopleareaddictedtowaitingforanewepisode【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,消費者組織負(fù)責(zé)人LindseyFussell說:“人們已經(jīng)不再需要一周后才能看到下一集了,他們會忍不住在家里或在路上看好幾集。”由此判斷出刷劇的現(xiàn)象很嚴(yán)重,人們抵抗不了這種誘惑。故選B。8.Whatadvicedidthewritergiveatlast?A.Tokeeponlinemediafromstoppingfunctioning.B.Toenjoyentertainmentasmuchaspossible.C.Tolearnlifelessonsfromtheepisodes.D.Towatchepisodesinamoderateway.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中So,what’stheanswer?Moderation!Neitheratinyamount,nortoomuch.Afterall,astheoldproverbsays,“Alittleofwhatyoufancydoesyougood.”可知,要控制,合理有度地看劇。故選D。

【點睛】詞義猜測題要求根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境上下文來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測。有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語,下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋,這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時后面緊跟一個同位語,對前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋,這時可利用同位關(guān)系對前面或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測。3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測。在英語中,有很多詞可以在前面加前綴,在后面加后綴,從而構(gòu)成一個詞,乍看起來,這個詞可能是新詞,但掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識,就不難猜出它的詞義。4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。在一篇閱讀中,根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果,根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠(yuǎn),要認(rèn)真查找;也有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),才能得出代詞所指代的事。6.根據(jù)同義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。當(dāng)詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or時,其連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的,由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域,進(jìn)而推知其大致意思。7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別,從而依據(jù)某一句的含義,來確定另一句的含義。另外,分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比等意義。例如小題6是根據(jù)下文的解釋Oncetheepisodefinishes,manyplatformswilldisplaypop-upswith“youmightlike”suggestions,orwillautomaticallyplaythenextepisode.當(dāng)這一集結(jié)束后,許多平臺會彈出“你可能會喜歡”的提示,或者會自動播放下一集。由此可知,通常情況下,不是每周發(fā)布一集,而是同時發(fā)布一整部。故可推斷concurrently在本句中意為“同時”,與atthesametime同義,故選B。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(2020·哈爾濱高二檢測)

Reforestationistherestorationprocessofthedestroyedordamagedforests.Treesareplantedinthatparticulardestroyedareaofforeststorecoverthelossofnature.Thedamagecausedtonatureshouldberecoveredtoprotectourbalancedlifecycle.

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ReductionofcarbondioxideintheairForestsperformanimportantpartinreducingcarbondioxidefromtheair.Theincreasingprocessofindustrializationhaspollutedtheairwebreathein.

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.Treesareasourceofoxygentodecreasetheamountofcarbondioxideintheair.Theymaintainabalanceintheenvironmentbyimprovingthequalityofair.Therefore,theeasiestwaytoreducetheseenvironmentpollutingchemicalsandcarbondioxideisreforestation.

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Thereductionofmanyforestsintheworldhasdamagedbiodiversityverybadly.Theanimalsthatusedtoliveintheseforestsareforcedoutduetothedestruction.

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.Allthehabitatsneedaspecificenvironmentandconditionsforanimalstolivethere.Reforestationisessentialtosavebiodiversityandanimalslivingintheirsuitableenvironment.

Fightingglobalwarming

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,whichcreatesaclimaticchangeandglobalwarming.Tofightglobalwarming,weneedtorestoreourdamagedforestsonaprioritybasis.Globalwarminghasincreasedthetemperatureandmeltingofglaciershascausedariseinsealevel.Therefore,theimportanceofreforestationshouldnotbedeniedandtreesmustbeplantedtorestoredestroyedforests.

A.RecoveringbiodiversityB.RestoringvarioushabitatsC.TherearehundredsofeconomicbenefitsrelatedtotheforestsD.TheimportanceofreforestationcanbeevaluatedfromthefollowingE.AlargenumberoffactoriesarepollutingtheenvironmentwithsmokeF.TheirfindinganewplacetolivedisturbsthenaturalenvironmentofanimalsG.Withthecontinuouslossoftrees,thegroundtemperaturehasstartedtoincrease【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹再造林的益處。1.【解析】選D。根據(jù)前文再造林是對被破壞或損害的森林進(jìn)行恢復(fù)的過程。在被破壞的森林區(qū)域種植樹木,以恢復(fù)自然的損失。我們應(yīng)該恢復(fù)對自然造成的破壞,以保護(hù)我們平衡的生命周期。再造林的重要性可以從以下方面來評估。故選D。2.【解析】選E。根據(jù)前句可知,工業(yè)化進(jìn)程已經(jīng)污染了我們所呼吸的空氣。該空與其前一句構(gòu)成例證關(guān)系,E選項中的“factories”(工廠)作為例證呼應(yīng)前一句中的“industrialization”(工業(yè)化)。故選E。3.【解析】選A。該句為該段的段落主旨句,根據(jù)下文“世界上許多森林的減少嚴(yán)重地破壞了生物多樣性?！敝械年P(guān)鍵詞“biodiversity”可知,本段介紹恢復(fù)生物多樣性的重要性。故選A。4.【解析】選F。根據(jù)前句可知,該空與前一句構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系,因動物們被驅(qū)逐而流離失所(forcedout),所以需要找到新的住所(findinganewplace);且F選項中的代詞“their”指代句中的“animals”。故選F。5.【解析】選G。該空為段首句,根據(jù)后半句可知,造成氣候變化和全球變暖的原因是樹木的不斷消失,地面溫度的上升。G選項中的“temperature”與段落小標(biāo)題和其后非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)鍵詞“globalwarming”相呼應(yīng),故選G。Ⅲ.完形填空(2021·武漢高二檢測)

Itwasadarknight.Thick,dark,graycloudshadmadesurethattherewasnostarlightormoonlightto

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measIwalkedoutonmyporch.Still,IkepttheporchlightoffbecauseIdidn’twanttobe

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bybugsandmothsonthis

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summerevening.Istoodthereforawhilelettingmyeyesadjusttothelackof

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Itwasthen,though,thatIsawthem.Firstoneblinkoflightatthefarendofthemeadowfollowedbyanotherandthenanother.I

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.Irecognizedthematonceasmyfirefly(螢火蟲)

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,mylightningbugbuddieswhoalways

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thistimeoftheyear.

WhenIwaslittleIusedtositinthegrassandwatchthem

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flyaroundblinkingonandoff.Inever

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andputoneinajarassomekidsdidbecauseIneverwantedtohurtthesemessengersoflight.Theirtimeonthisearthwasso

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asitwas.Itriedtoenjoythemeachnighttheywerehere.Italways

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mewhentheydisappearedinthefallanditalwaysmademyheart

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whentheyreappearedthenextsummer.

Weareliketheminalotofways.Our

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hereonearthisbrief.Oftenourlightandlovearemorelikeonandoffblinksratherthana

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shine.Still,wedoourbesttoshareitandtake

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inknowingthatotherswillbeshiningtheirlightlongafterwearegone.

【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者晚上到院子里,遇到喜愛的螢火蟲,并且認(rèn)為人類和螢火蟲一樣,在這個星球上,生命短暫,但即便如此,我們也要努力地用微光照亮世界。1.A.shine

B.greet

C.please

D.guide【解析】選B。考查動詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)我走出門廊時,厚厚的烏云證實沒有星光或月光迎接我。根據(jù)前文“therewasnostarlightormoonlightto”和后文的“measIwalkedoutonmyporch”可知,作者走出來的時候,因為漆黑一片,因此沒有月光和星光來迎接他。故選B。4.A.heat B.water C.light D.air【解析】選C。考查名詞辨析。句意:我在那里站了一會兒,讓我的眼睛適應(yīng)光線不足。根據(jù)上文的“therewasnostarlightormoonlight”和“Ikepttheporchlightoff”可知當(dāng)時沒有光,作者在那里站了一會兒,是為了讓眼睛適應(yīng)光線不足的情況。故選C。5.A.frowned B.cried C.smiled D.sighed【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~辨析。根據(jù)下文的“Irecognizedthematonceasmyfirefly...”可知,作者看到了自己的螢火蟲朋友,應(yīng)該是微笑了。故選C。6.A.lovers B.friends C.partners D.mates【解析】選B?？疾槊~辨析。句意:我立刻認(rèn)出它們是我的螢火蟲朋友,我的閃電蟲伙伴,它們每年這個時候都會出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)后面的“mylightingbugbuddies”可知,作者把螢火蟲看作是自己的朋友。故選B。7.A.wentout B.gaveoutC.settleddown D.showedup【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。wentout出去,熄滅;gaveout分發(fā),公布;settleddown定居,專心于;showedup露面,揭露。根據(jù)常識可知,螢火蟲總是在每年的夏季晚上出現(xiàn)。故選D。8.A.fearfully B.cautiouslyC.nervously D.slowly【解析】選D?？疾楦痹~辨析。句意:當(dāng)我小的時候,我常常坐在草地上,看著它們忽明忽暗慢慢地飛來飛去。根據(jù)常識和下文“putoneinajarassomekidsdid”可知,孩子們能逮住螢火蟲說明它飛得慢。故選D。9.A.saw B.hit C.caught D.got【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~辨析。句意:我從來沒有像一些孩子那樣抓住它們并放進(jìn)罐子里,因為我從來不想傷害這些光的使者。根據(jù)后面的“putoneinajarassomekidsdid”可知,只有逮住螢火蟲才能放進(jìn)罐子里。故選C。10.A.hard B.terrible C.useful D.brief【解析】選D。考查形容詞辨析。句意:它們在這個世界上的時間是如此的短暫。與最后一段的“Our...hereonearthisbrief.”呼應(yīng),作者認(rèn)為螢火蟲在地球上的時間很短暫,不想傷害這些光的使者。故選D。11.A.depressed B.surprisedC.confused D.excited【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~辨析。句意:每當(dāng)秋天它們消失的時候,我總是感到沮喪;每當(dāng)?shù)诙晗奶焖鼈冊俅纬霈F(xiàn)的時候,我的心就在歌唱。作者把螢火蟲當(dāng)作朋友,所以當(dāng)它們在秋天消失時,總是讓作者感到沮喪。故選A。12.A.beat B.sing C.move D.tremble【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~辨析。根據(jù)后面的“whentheyreappearedthenextsummer”可知,作者喜歡螢火蟲,把它們當(dāng)朋友,所以它們在第二年夏天再次出現(xiàn)時,作者很開心。這里用心在唱歌形容作者高興的心情。故選B。13.A.hope B.memory C.mind D.life【解析】選D。考查名詞辨析。句意:我們和它們有很多相似之處。我們在地球上的生命也是短暫的。此處指人的生命短暫,根據(jù)前面的“Weareliketheminalotofways.”和后面的“hereonearthisbrief”可知,作者感慨人類和這些螢火蟲一樣,人生短暫。故選D。14.A.beautiful B.steady C.bright D.clear【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意:通常,我們的光和愛更像是忽明忽暗的閃爍,而不是穩(wěn)定的光芒。與前面“onandoffblinks”對比,指穩(wěn)定的閃耀。故選B?！狙a(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練】

閱讀理解(2021·合肥高二檢測)

Doyoufeellonely?Ifyoudo,youarenotalone.It’smorethanapersonalmentalhealthissue.Lonelinessisaglobalissue.Half-a-millionJapanesearesufferingfromsocialisolation.TheUKrecentlyappointedaministerforloneliness,thefirstintheworld.InAustralia,VictorianstateMPFionaPatteniscallingforthesame.

FanhuiDingcameupwithastudent-runrestaurantfortheUniversityofMelbourne.Studentsgetcreditworkingonthefarmsthatsupplytherestaurant,whichcanbeusedtopayforameal.Peoplealsogetdiscountsfordiningatthesametable,encouragingstudentstointeractoverfood.Givenmanyinternationalstudentswhosufferfromloneliness,herconceptusedcooking,foodandfarmingtocureloneliness.Somestudentsdealwithfamiliarcases,suchasbuilding“PuppySociety”,anappthatconnectsapetwithmultipleowners,designingmoresocialinteractionspacesinhigh-riseapartmentbuildingsandredesigningsupermarketstomakethemplacesforpeopletovisitonaSundaymorning.Beve