




版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
2025屆濟(jì)寧市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高中畢業(yè)年級(jí)第三次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題請(qǐng)考生注意:1.請(qǐng)用2B鉛筆將選擇題答案涂填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上,請(qǐng)用0.5毫米及以上黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將主觀題的答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)的答題區(qū)內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙上均無效。2.答題前,認(rèn)真閱讀答題紙上的《注意事項(xiàng)》,按規(guī)定答題。Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1、--Ilikethetwodresses,butIcanonlyafford______ofthem.--Isuggestyoutakethewhiteone.A.a(chǎn)llB.bothC.neitherD.either2、Ourbasketballteamwon’twinthematch_______weworktogether.A.if B.since C.while D.unless3、MybrothermovedtoKoreawithhisfamilylastyear.Ihaven’theardfromhimuntilnow,whichmakesmeworriedabouthim.A.hadcontactwith B.hadachatwithC.telephoned D.receivedlettersfrom4、I'dlovetohaveabreak,butIcan't______anytimerightnow.A.spare B.wait C.save D.offer5、Ienjoyfreshairsoalwayssleepwiththewindowopen______itisreallycold.A.unless B.when C.if D.Since6、Theschoolbaglookssonice.Isit_______?A.yourB.yoursC.you7、Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudents____ingroups.A.work B.haveworked C.wereworking D.a(chǎn)reworking8、Iwanttohave________Englishpenpal.A.a(chǎn) B.the C.a(chǎn)n D./9、TheGruffaloisa(n)book.Ithassoldover18millioncopiesuptonow.A.popular B.normal C.different10、--YouhatethatTVplay,don’tyou?--Not_______.Ijustthinkit’sabitboring.A.likely B.exactly C.nearly D.carefullyⅡ.完形填空11、OncethereisarichmannamedChulong.Oneday,heiswalkinginhisgardenwhenheseesastrange1withbeautifulcoloursandsweetvoiceinatree.Chulong2goesnearthetreeandcatchesthebird.Hethinkshecan3itandgetslotsofmoney.“Don’tthinkaboutmakingmoneythroughme!”saysthebird,“4willbuyme,becauseIwilllosemybeautyandsweetvoiceifIamnotfree.”Chulongloseshishopeofmakingmoney.Hebecomesangryandwantsto5thebirdforthemeat.Thenthe6birdsays,“Well,ifyouletmego,Iwillteachyou7easybutusefulrules,whichcandogoodtoyou.”Chulongdoesn’tbelievethebird8,andheisafraidthatthebirdwillflyaway.However,thebirdpromises(承諾)itwillkeepitsword(守信).Chulongwantstohaveatry.Hesetsthebirdfreeanditsitsinatree.Itbecomes9again.Chulongasks,“Nowteachmetherules.”“Sure,”saysthebird.ThenthebirdteachesChulongthe10:ThefirstruleisNeverbelieveeverythingotherssay.ThesecondruleisNeverbesadaboutsomethingyoudon’t11.ThethirdruleisNeverthrowawaywhatyouhaveinyourhand.“Yousillybird!”12Chulong,“Everyoneknowstheserules.”Butthebirdsays,“Today,youhavemeinyourhand,butyouthrowmeaway.YoubelieveallthatIsay.Andyouare13aboutnothavingme.Therulesareeasy,14youneverfollowthem.Nowdoyouunderstand?Justsitdownandthinkforawhile.”Withthesewords,thebird15.1.A.cat B.bird C.panda D.monkey2.A.happily B.sadly C.slowly D.friendly3.A.eat B.study C.draw D.sell4.A.Nobody B.Somebody C.Anybody D.Everybody5.A.find B.borrow C.smell D.kill6.A.busy B.helpful C.clever D.lucky7.A.three B.four C.five D.six8.A.a(chǎn)tpresent B.lateron C.a(chǎn)tfirst D.a(chǎn)tlast9.A.healthy B.beautiful C.lazy D.busy10.A.songs B.words C.rules D.lesson11.A.have B.want C.know D.need12.A.smiles B.shouts C.laughs D.thinks13.A.happy B.excited C.a(chǎn)ngry D.sad14.A.a(chǎn)nd B.so C.but D.because15.A.standsup B.jumpsdown C.fliesaway D.getsupⅢ.語(yǔ)法填空12、ThishappenedayearagowhenIwenttoanoldcityonholiday.Itwasintheafternoon.Icouldfeeltheheatofthesunwhilewalkingaroundthecityforthe1.(one)time.ThenIdecided2.(stop)atarestaurantandeatmylatelunch.Isatoutside3.restaurantandorderedmyfood.Iwasplayingwithmyphonewhilewaitingformyfood.Justthenatallmancamenearme4.a(chǎn)skedifIhadsparemoney.Hedidn’tlooklikeabeggar(乞丐)becausehewaswearingnice5.(cloth).Iaskedhimwhathadhappened.Hetoldmethathejustcamehereforaholiday.Whenhewantedtobuysomewateratthebusstation,he6.(find)hiswalletandphoneweregone.He7.(real)didn’tknowwhattodo.“Youmustbehungry.Comeandjoinmeforlunch.It’smytreat.”AfterhavingourlunchIgavehimsomemoney.Heaskedmynumber.”IfIhaveachanceIwillvisit8.(you)cityandpayback,”hesaid.“Don’tthinklikethat.It’smypleasuretohelpyou.Youcanpayitforward---whensomeone9.(need)help,helphimorher,”Ireplied.Hesmiledandsaidgoodbye.Ismiled,10..Ⅳ.閱讀理解A13、WelcometoMusicGround,aradioshowthatgivesyouawonderfulFridaynight.I'mJustinYoung.It'stimeagainforthebest—sellingsongsoftheweek.StanleyBrown'sPerhapsisanewsongthatcomesinatNo.5thisweek.SayCheespbyOKBandstaysinthesameplaceatNo.4.TheBeesbyCindyBearfallsdownfromNo.2toNo.3.AndNo.2isanothernewsongcalledAreYouTherebyBrokenBasket.Finally,there'snochangeatNo.1,withMagicRiverbyStupidMachine.Manypeoplearecallinginforthisfavoritesong,solet'slistentoitrightnow.Anddon'tgoaway.Laterwe'lltalkoverthephonewithStupidMachineabouttheirplansforthecomingyear.
WelcometoMusicGround,aradioshowthatgivesyouawonderfulFridaynight.I'mJustinYoung.It'stimeagainforthebest—sellingsongsoftheweek.StanleyBrown'sPerhapsisanewsongthatcomesinatNo.5thisweek.SayCheespbyOKBandstaysinthesameplaceatNo.4.TheBeesbyCindyBearfallsdownfromNo.2toNo.3.AndNo.2isanothernewsongcalledAreYouTherebyBrokenBasket.Finally,there'snochangeatNo.1,withMagicRiverbyStupidMachine.Manypeoplearecallinginforthisfavoritesong,solet'slistentoitrightnow.Anddon'tgoaway.Laterwe'lltalkoverthephonewithStupidMachineabouttheirplansforthecomingyear.
No.1~N0.5ThisWeek
1.MagicRiver—StupidMachine
2.AreYouTherel—BrokenBasket
3.TheBees—CindyBear
4.SayCheese—OKBand
5.Perhaps—StanleyBrown
No.1~N0.5ThisWeek
1.MagicRiver—StupidMachine
2.AreYouTherel—BrokenBasket
3.TheBees—CindyBear
4.SayCheese—OKBand
5.Perhaps—StanleyBrown
根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案,并將其標(biāo)號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi)。1.JustinYoungisa______.A.TVreporterB.popularsingerC.songwriterD.radioreporter2.Peoplecanlistentothesongby______soon.A.StupidMachineB.BrokenBasketC.StanleyBrownD.CindyBear3.WhichsongdoesNOTchangeitsplacethisweek?A.AreYouThere.B.TheBees.C.SayCheese.D.Perhaps.4.Howmanysongslistedabovearenewthisweek?A.OneB.Two.C.Three.D.Four.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.YoucanlistentoMusicGroundonceaweek.B.JustinYoungistalkingaboutpopularsongsthisweek.C.Peoplecancallintolistentotheirfavoritesongs.D.StupidMachineisnowintheradiostationwithJustin.B14、Wouldyoubeabletogothroughawholedaywithoutusingalightbulb?Mostpeopleprobablywouldn’t.Today,almosteverybuildinguseslightbulbsastheirmainlightsource.Althoughweusethemdailywithoutmuchthought,lightbulbswereonceacostlyandthenewesttechnology.Alotofpeople’shardworkledtothelightbulb’sinvention,whichhasimpactedourlivesgreatly.Thefirstlightbulbswereglasscontainersthatreleaselightwhenanelectriccurrentheatedapartinsidecalledafilament(燈絲).Electriclightbulbsarealsoknownasincandescent(白熾)lightbulbs.Thesedays,weuseenergy-savingbulbsthatarebetterfortheenvironment.NickHolonyak,Jr.,anAmericanengineer,inventedthefirstlight-emittingdiodelight(LED)in1962.AnLEDlightbulbusesone-thirdtheelectricityasanincandescentlightandlastsfarlonger.In1802,aBritishscientistnamedHumphryDavycreatedthefirstelectriclight.Then,in1835,otherBritishscientistscreatedthefirstconstantstreamofelectriclight,althoughthelightdidn’tshineverylong.Inthefollowingdecades,scientistsexperimentedwithlightbulbfilamentsmadeofdifferenttypesofmaterials,hopingtocreatealongerstreamofelectriclight.In1860,JosephSwanfoundamaterialthatproducedagoodlight,butitburnedoutquickly.Bythistime,noneofthelightbulbscreatedwerereadytobesoldtothepublicforeverydayuse.Then,in1878,ThomasEdisonmademoreprogress.Hespentalotoftimeresearchingwhatpreviousscientistshaddone.Heandhisteamspentyearsexperimentingwithlightbulbfilaments.Theyeventuallycreatedthefirstlightbulbthatcouldreleaseconstantelectriclightfor1,200hours.Edisonimmediatelypatented(取得專利)hislightbulbdesignsothatlightbulbscouldbeproducedandsold.Lightbulbsweresaferandmoreconvenienttousethanoillampsandcandles.Increaseduseoflightbulbsresultedinpeoplebeingabletohavealongerworkday,sotheaverageworkdayincreased.Lightbulbsalsoledtochangesinbuildingdesigns.Architectscreatedwindowlessbuildings,andlightscouldbeplacedinelevatorsandothernewplaces.1.FromParagraph1,wecanlearnthatlightbulbswere_______inthepast.A.common B.expensive C.hard D.great2.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneinventedthefirstelectriclightbulbs?A.NickHolonyak. B.HumphryDavy.C.JosephSwan. D.ThomasEdison.3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthemainprobleminimprovinglightbulbs?A.Therewasnotenoughmoneyandengineeringsupport.B.Therewerenomaterialsthatcouldbeusedtosavepower.C.Scientistsfromdifferentcountriescouldn’tworktogether.D.Itwashardtofindafilamentmaterialthatshonelong.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?A.Lightbulbswereasconvenientascandlesandoillamps.B.Edisonmadeitpossibletoselllightbulbstothepublic.C.LEDcansavemorepowerandmakepeople’sworktimelonger.D.Lightbulbsmakepeoplestayinwindowlessroomsonworkdays.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Theinventionwedependon.B.Thegreatinventers.C.Thehistoryofscienceandtechnology.D.Whatchangesbuildingdesigns?C15、Peopleusuallythinkvolunteeringisjustforadultsanditseemshardforstudentslikeus.ButitistotallydifferentinCanada.Thegovernmentencouragespeopleofanyagetovolunteerinpublicandmakecontributionstothewholesociety.Therefore,ifstudentswanttograduatefromhighschool,30hoursofvolunteeringisrequired.Ifstudentswanttogetintoagooduniversity,ithelpsiftheycontributealottosociety.Volunteeringisanimportantfactorthatuniversitieswilltakeintoconsideration.Furthermore,therearevolunteeropportunitieseverywhere.PeoplecanfindinformationabouthowtovolunteerpostedinthelibraryorontheInternet.Itincludesmanydifferentjobs,suchaswrappinggiftsinashoppingmall,takingcareofsmallkidsorcleaningupachurch.Studentscanchoosewhattheywanttodoandregister(注冊(cè))online.IgotmyfirstvolunteeringjobinNewWestminsterMuseumeverySundayfrom9:30amto11:30am.Myjobistoproofreadthedocumentsonalaptopandcorrectmistakes.ThemuseumisaboutthehistoryoftheIrvingFamily,ahistoricallyimportantfamilyinNewWestminster.Atfirst,Iwasnervoustocommunicatewithothers.ButastimepassedIbecamemoreopen.Duringvolunteering,Inotonlylearnedhowtoworkwithothervolunteers,butalsolearnedalotofhistoryaboutNewWestminster.Asavolunteer,Iamproudofmyself.Ienjoydoingmyjobandhelpingothers.1.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknow_________inCanada.A.beingavolunteercanearnalotofmoneyB.studentscangraduateformhighschoolwithoutdoingvolunteeringC.thestudentwhocontributesalottosocietymayhaveachancetoenterthegooduniversityD.thegovernmentonlyaskadultstobevolunteers.2.Thewriterspent________hourswhenshedidherfirstvolunteeringjob.A.2B.3C.4D.53.Theunderlinedphrase“proofreadthedocuments”means_________inthethirdparagraph?A.起草文件B.校對(duì)文件C.打印文件D.發(fā)送文件4.Thewriterwrotethearticlemainlyto_________.A.introducethevolunteeringinCanada.B.describewherecanfindvolunteeropportunitiesC.showthatshelearnedalotfrombeingavolunteerD.compareherfirstvolunteeringjobwithotherjobstoshowtheirdifferences5.Thebesttitleofthearticlemaybe“_________”.A.VolunteeringinCanadaB.WheretofindavolunteeringjobinCanadaC.ThebestwaytofindavolunteeringjobinCanadaD.StudentsinCanadaD16、(1)WANTED
Areyouhard–working?Doyouliketomeetpeople?Ifyouransweris“Yes”,thenwehaveajobforyouasawaiter.
CallALHotelat5379!
(2)SUMMERJOB
Doyouliketotalkwithpeople?DoYouliketowritestories?If.youwanttoworkforourmagazineasareporter,pleasecallKarenat1.
(3)HELPWANTED
Doyoulikebabies?Canyoulookafteronebabyfortwodays?If.Youaresuretotakefoodcareofit,callusat766588.
$80ormore.Today!Hurry!
(4)CLEANERWANTED
Canyoumakealargehousecleanandtidy?Ifyouhopetogetthejobpaidat$20once,callusthisevening18:00–20:00.
Tel:633800
ChoosethebestchoicefromA.BorCaccordingtowhatyouread.2.Theabovejobads(廣告)areprobablyfroma_____.A.newspaperB.Storybook.C.TVshow3.Ifyoulikechildrenandhavetwodaysfree,youcancallat____forajob.A.766588.B.633800C.53794.Iftheownerofthelargehouseasksacleanertotidyhishousetwiceaweek,howmuchwillthecleanergetinamonth?A.MYM240B.MYM200C.MYM1605._______areneededinALHotel.A.CleanersB.Baby–sittersC.Waiters6.Ifyou’reacollegestudentofEnglishwhoenjoyswriting,duringyoursummerholidaysyouwillbemoreinterestedinthejobin________’A.a(chǎn)d.(l)B.a(chǎn)d.(2)C.a(chǎn)d.(3)E17、Everyboywantstofindtreasure.AndTomwasnodifferentOnesummerdayTomtoldHuckabouthisidea.“Wherecanwelookfortreasure?”askedHuck.“It’shiddenonislands,underdeadtrees,butmostlyunderthefloorsinhaunted(鬧鬼的)houses.”So,oneSaturdayafternoonTomandhisfriendwenttolookfortreasureasthehauntedhouseonCardiffHill.Itwasaquietandlonelywhichmadetheboysfeelveryfrightened.Theyenteredquietly,andexploreddownstairs.Therewerecobwebseverywhereandeverythingwasoldandbroken.Thentheythrewtheirtoolsinacornerandwalkedupstairs,buttherewasnothingthere.TheywerejustabouttogodownstairsandstartdiggingwhenTomstopped.“Whatisit?”whisperedHuck,goingwhitewithfright.“Keepquiet!There’ssomeonedownstairs.”Theboyslaydown,lookingthroughtheholesinthewoodenfloor.Thereweretwomendownstairs.OnewasanoldSpaniardinawidesombrerohatandtheotherwasdutyandunpleasant-looking.TomandHackshookwithfearwhentheyheardtheSpaniardspeakbecausetheyfounditwasIndianJoeHesaid.“It’stimeforustomove,partner.Whatwillwedowiththe$650formtherobbery(搶劫)?”“Let’skeep$30eachandleavethebaghere.”Thedirtymanwenttothefireplaceandmovedastone.Thenheliftedoutabagfullofmoneyandlookoutsomecoins.Thetwoboysforgotalltheirfearswhentheysawtherewasrealtreasuredownstairs.ThenIndianJoestarteddiggingaholewithhisknifeandtheknifehitsomething.“Whatisit?”askedtheotherman.“It’sabox,”saidIndianJoe.Andheputinhishandandpulledoutahandfulofgoldcoins.Theothermanfoundtheboys’tools,andtheysoonpulledoutthebox.“Where’sthousandsofdollarsinthere,”SaidIndianJoe.“TheMurrellGangusedthisareaonesummer,”saidhispartner.“Theymosthavehiddentheirmoneyhere.”“Whatwillwedowiththis,Joe?Willwebury(埋)itagain?”“No,someonemightfindit,”saidIndianJoe.“Let’sburyitinthemembertwoden.”TomandHuckgotupassoonasthetwomenleft.Theydecidedtowatchoutforthe“maninthesombrero”whenhecametotownandfindoutwherethemembertwodenwas.1.WheredidthetwoboysgotofindtreasureoneSaturdayafternoon?A.Toahauntedhouse.B.Toasmallisland.C.Tosomedeadtrees.D.Toafarawayden.2.Whodoestheunderlinedword“He”referto?A.TomB.HunkC.IndianJoeD.Thedirtyman3.Wherewasthebagofmoneyprobablyfrom?A.Thetwomenrobbedothersofit.B.Somevillagershiditthere.C.Theownerofthehouseleftitthere.D.TomandHuckburieditthere.4.whichistherightorderofwhathappenedinthestory?a.Thetwoboysthrewtheirtoolsinacorner.b.Thedutymanliftedoutabagfullofmoney.c.TomandHuckwenttolookfortreasureoneday.d.IndianJoefoundaboxfullofgoldcoins.e.TheMurrellGanghidtheirmoneyinthehouse.A.c-a-b-d-eB.c-d-b-e-aC.e-c-a-d-bD.e-c-a-b-d5.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthepassage?A.Therealtreasurewas$650inthebag.B.ThemaninthesombrerowasIndianJoe.C.TomwouldjoinIndianJoeandbearobber.D.TomandHackwouldtrytogetthetreasure.F18、OnJune26,2000,twoscientists,calledFrancisCollinsandCraigVenter,toldtheworldthattheycouldnowreadthewhole“map”ofthehumanbody:DNA.DNAissomethingthateverybodyhas,andittellsthebodywhattodo.DNAisthereasonthatwelooklikeourmotherandfather,becausewegetsomeoftheirDNAtomakeourown.Peoplehavebeentryingtounderstandthehumanbodyforalongtime.In1860,GregorMendeldiscoveredaspecialreasonwhywelookthesameasotherpeopleinourfamily.Itisbecauseofsmallthingsnamed“genes”inourbody.In1953,JamesWatsonandFrancisCrickmadeanotherdiscoveryandfoundoutthatthosesmallpartsarerealmessageswrittenintheDNAwithaspeciallanguage.In1961,MarshallNirenbergandJohannMatthaeifoundamessageinDNAshowinghowDNAtellsthecell(細(xì)胞)tobuilditsparts.ScientistshavenowfoundallthewordsintheDNAmap,butwestilldonotunderstandwhattheyalldo.Byunderstandingwhatjustone“word”means,wecanhelpsavemorepeoplefromseveralillnesses.Mostpeoplehopethatthiswillhelpmakebettermedicineandhelpsickpeople.Otherpeopleworrythatwhenpeoplebegintoknowmorewordsandfindoutlotsofotherinformation,wemightuseitinawrongway,justtomakepeoplemoreattractive,orstopsickpeoplefromgettingjobs.ManwouldhavetomeetalotoftroubleifDNAtechnicwasn’tlimitedinuse.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇最佳答案。1.Whatdidthetwoscientistsfirstdiscoverin1961?A.The“map”ofD
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 敏捷開發(fā)方法論2025年考試試題及答案
- 2025年軟考軟件設(shè)計(jì)師有效試題及答案匯編
- 法學(xué)概論從入門到精通的試題及答案
- 管理者的時(shí)間與精力分配計(jì)劃
- 會(huì)計(jì)軟件應(yīng)用能力提升計(jì)劃
- 積極心理與職業(yè)幸福感提升計(jì)劃
- 供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)化計(jì)劃
- 城市交通需求管理重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
- 美術(shù)班級(jí)文化建設(shè)活動(dòng)計(jì)劃
- 2024年陜西師范大學(xué)輔導(dǎo)員考試真題
- 《CAD/CAM技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)》全套教學(xué)課件
- -巴以沖突的歷史及現(xiàn)狀
- 專職安全員安全責(zé)任履職考核表
- 醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)生醫(yī)療民事賠償情況以及衛(wèi)生技術(shù)人員違法違規(guī)執(zhí)業(yè)及其處理情況表
- 設(shè)計(jì)變更、工程指令、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)簽證管理辦法(修訂)
- 光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目并網(wǎng)調(diào)試方案
- 【總平施工】室外總平施工組織設(shè)計(jì)
- 地溝更換管線專項(xiàng)施工方案完整
- 《鵝養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)》PPT課件
- 甲醇球形儲(chǔ)罐設(shè)計(jì)
- 殯葬資格考試:殯葬服務(wù)試題及答案
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論