2024年歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題與答案

全國(guó)碩士碩士入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]l. Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrelling________eachotherformanyyears.[A]to[B]between[C]against[D]with2. Therearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerous,buritishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbecompared________tobaccoproducts.[A]in[B]with[C]among[D]by3. “Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?”onesurgeonaskedanother.“Oh,________times,Iguess,”wasthereply.[A]hundredof[B]hundreds[C]hundredsof[D]hundred4. Givemeyourtelephonenumber________Ineedyourhelp.[A]whether[B]unless[C]sothat[D]incase5. Yousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou’llsing________.[A]morebetter[B]stillbetter[C]nicely[D]best6. Thosepeople________ageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.[A]lackof[B]arelackingof[C]lack[D]areinlack7. Aloneinadeserthouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt________lonely.[A]nothingbut[B]anythingbut[C]allbut[D]everythingbut8. Grace________tearswhensheheardthesadnews.[A]brokein[B]brokeinto[C]brokeoff[D]brokethrough9. Sherefusedto________thecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.[A]handin[B]handout[C]handdown[D]down10. MichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokes________toAmericanaudiences.[A]around[B]over[C]across[D]down11. Thebookcontainedalarge________ofinformation.[A]deal[B]amount[C]number[D]sum12. Nowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonable________tothetotalcostoftheproduct.[A]proportion[B]correlation[C]connection[D]correspondence13. Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto________herumbrella.[A]carry[B]fetch[C]bring[D]reach14. Wemust________thattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyaspossible.[A]assure[B]secure[C]ensure[D]issue15. Hewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly________.[A]injured[B]damaged[C]harmed[D]ruinedSectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)Text1InMayl989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,”whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth’ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth’stwin.”ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth’s:Highoverheadinthecarbondioxide(CO2)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).Waterisallbutnonexistent.Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth’soceans,sotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.16. VenusissimilartoEarthin________.[A]sizeanddensity[B]distancefromthesun[C]havingatmosphere[D]alloftheabove17. ThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto________.[A]allowustovisitthere[B]understandEarthbetter[C]findanewsourceofenergy[D]promoteanewspaceprogram18. Themainideaofthispassageisabout________.[A]problemsofspacetravel[B]scientificmethodsinspaceexploration[C]theimportanceofVenustoEarth[D]conditionsonVenusText2TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome’smainavenues.Italy’spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor“ajobforeachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasocietywithoutviolence.”Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen’sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining.“Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,”saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthegovernment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly’spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly’stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreetcleaner.However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.19. Theexpression“snakethroughcentralRome”probablymeans“tomove________[A]quietlythroughcentralRome.”[B]violentlythroughcentralRome.”[C]inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome.”[D]ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome.”20. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?[A]TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.[B]InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinservices.[C]InItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.[D]InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.21. About200,000womeninRomedemonstratedfor________.[A]morejobopportunities[B]agreatervarietyofjobs[C]“equaljob,equalpay”[D]bothAandB22. Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.[A]TheRoleofWomenisSociety[B]WomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmployment[C]WomenasSelf-employedProfessionals[D]WomenandtheJobsMarketText3Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,l,500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhigheramongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheircomparativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintopracticalreality.23. Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyearsis________.[A]trueinallsenses[B]refutedbytheauthor[C]medicallyproven[D]abeliefoftheauthor24. Thesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto________.[A]findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadults[B]provethattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyears[C]discoverthepercentageofthosementallyillamongthegifted[D]provethattalentedchildrenneverburnthemselvesout25. Intelligencetestsshowedthat________.[A]brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthy[B]betweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligence[C]talentedchildrenweremostlikelytobecomegiftedadults[D]whentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscoresSectionIII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D],choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear.Manybookshavebeenwritten__26__thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest__27__oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels“ATriptotheMoon”and“80DaysAroundtheWorld,”hedescribedwithdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattraction__28__youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificaccuracy.Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyearaspredictedbya__29__writer.In,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaswitch.Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe__30__shopsaswellasnewsandentertainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellas__31__totelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atwork,robotswilltake__32__mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants__33__theydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma__34__partofpeople’sdiets.Foreigntravelwill__35__;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.26. [A]in[B]of[C]about[D]for27. [A]sense[B]meaning[C]detail[D]implication28. [A]for[B]of[C]on[D]towards29. [A]today[B]nowadays[C]present-day[D]present30. [A]near[B]nearby[C]nearly[D]nearer31. [A]noise[B]sound[C]tone[D]tune32. [A]to[B]away[C]off[D]over33. [A]than[B]as[C]when[D]while34. [A]usual[B]popular[C]daily[D]regular35. [A]add[B]increase[C]raise[D]ariseSectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything36. Alicewashaving[A]troubletocontrol[B]thechildrenbecausetherewere[C]somany[D]ofthem.37. Wewereverymuchsurprised[A]thatthe[B]villagewassuch[C]longwayfrom[D]theroad.38. John’schanceofbeingelected[A]chairman[B]ofthecommitteeisfar[C]greaterthanDick[D].39. “Wehavewon[A]a[B]greatvictoryon[C]ourenemy[D],”thecaptainsaid.40. Therearemanyvaluableservices[A]whichthepublicarewillingtopayfor[B],butwhichdoesnotbring[C]areturninmoney[D]tothecommunity.41. ThelawIamreferring[A]requirethateveryone[B]whoowns[C]acarhave[D]accidentinsurance.42. “Iconsideredit[A]ahonor[B]tobeinvitedtoaddress[C]themeetingofworld-famous[D]scientists,”saidProfessorLeacock.43. Hewasseeing[A]somebodycreeping[B]intothehousethrough[C]theopen[D]windowlastnight.44. Thereasonfor[A]allthe[B]changesbeingmade[C]hasnotexplained[D]tousyet.45. Eventhough[A]thechildrenpretendedasleep[B],thenurseswerenotdeceived[C]when[D]theycameintotheroom.SectionV:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46. Buyingclothes________(be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounicely.47. Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentative________(send)totheconferenceonschedule.48. Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas________(instruct).49. Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate________(hear)fromyousoon.50. I________(call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.51. IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we________(nothave)topickhimupintheboat.52. Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly________(find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.53. Thelecture________(begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.54. Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem________(close)theirbooksunexpectedly.55. Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses________(havetodestroy).SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15points)56. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)仔細(xì)查對(duì)所有資料，以防止嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。57. 盡管這個(gè)試驗(yàn)復(fù)雜，他們決心準(zhǔn)時(shí)把它完畢。58. 一切跡象表明這個(gè)人對(duì)這裏發(fā)生的狀況毫無(wú)所知。59. 只有那些不怕困難的人，才有也許在工作中獲得卓越的成果。60. 這篇作品與其說(shuō)是短篇小說(shuō)，不如說(shuō)更像是新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)。SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20points)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“naturevs.nurture.”(62)Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe“nurture”theory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(64)Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,offeredbythetwotheories.(65)Supportersofthe“nature”theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay:Theydon’tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperiences.(66)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.(67)IntheUnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.(68)Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprive