考研英語輔導(dǎo)專家楊朝春談?dòng)⒄Z作文問題

考研英語輔導(dǎo)專家楊朝春談?dòng)⒄Z作文問題之一歷年作文考試雖然形式變化，內(nèi)容各異，但許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)是一致的，值得借鑒。對往年真題進(jìn)行分析研究，可以熟悉實(shí)戰(zhàn)中的謀篇布局與主題展開，利于提高應(yīng)試能力。下面我們以兩次考題為例,談一談內(nèi)容安排的問題。寫作考試審題不仔細(xì)、不全面，容易使人陷入“寫完前段，后一段無話可說”的尷尬處境。先看1994年試題：Directions:A.Title:ONMAKINGFRIENDSB.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:120—150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)D.YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenOpeningsentence:“Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend.”O(jiān)UTLINE:1.Theneedforfriends2.Truefriendship3.Myprincipleinmakingfriends(15points)本篇作文是就大家熟悉的話題“交友”進(jìn)行評論，首段論述朋友的必要，第二段說明什么是真正的友誼，末段解釋自己交友的原則。似乎順風(fēng)順?biāo)?，容易寫成。但?dòng)起筆來卻發(fā)現(xiàn)并不那么順利。第一段寫朋友的必要性時(shí)，我們?nèi)菀紫氲健跋嗷プ靼?，傾訴交談”，“歡樂共享，憂傷分擔(dān)”；可是寫到第二段真誠友誼時(shí)，我們又會(huì)想到“患難見真情”、“有福應(yīng)同享”，這豈不是重復(fù)第一段了嗎？更麻煩的是毫不容易把第二段構(gòu)成真誠友誼的因素列全，到了第三段發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已無路可走：本人交友的原則已經(jīng)包含在前文真誠友誼因素之中！第三段成多余的了。要避免這種尷尬，事先一定不能因題目表面簡單而掉以輕心，要仔細(xì)審題，認(rèn)真布局。首段盡量避開對真誠友誼的解釋，多寫生活中朋友的必要。下一段寫真誠友誼時(shí)，要為末段闡述自己的交友原則留有余地，不可窮盡。參考作文：Inlifewecanhardlydowithoutafriend.Therearemanydifficultiesandproblemswecan’tovercomewithourownefforts.Moreover,weneedfriendtoshareourjoyandsorrow;otherwisewewillsufferfromloneliness.Thus,friendsareanindispensablepartofourlife.However,notallfriendscanhelpuswhenweareingreatneed.Sowhatistruefriendship?Asapopularsayinggoes,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Truefriendsarethosewhoneverdesertyouwhenyouareinneed.Onthecontrary,theywillofferyousincerehelpevenatthecostoftheirowninterests.Moreover,theywillencourageyoutosticktowhatisrightandtoavoidwhatiswrongorillegal.Inconclusion,truefriendshipconsistsinsincerityandself-sacrifice.Myprincipleinmakingfriendsisthattheyshouldnotonlybesincereandhelpful,butalsobetolerantandopen-minded.Whenpeoplespendmoretimetogether,scratchesandmisunderstandingmayarise;furthermore,theywillfindeachother’sshortcomings.Atthismoment,toleranceisthemosthelpfulqualitythatwillenablefriendshiptosurvivethedifficulttimesandbecomeevenmorepermanent.再看1996年試題：Directions:A.Title:GOODHEALTHB.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:120—150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)D.YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal.”O(jiān)UTLINE:1.Importanceofgoodhealth。2.Waystokeepfit3.Myownpractices(15points)這是個(gè)老生常談的話題，一講到健康人們往往就想到鍛煉。這樣去寫未免過于俗套，而且，細(xì)想一想，鍛煉也不是唯一健康之道。合理的飲食、正常的生活規(guī)律，適當(dāng)?shù)姆潘?、娛樂?yīng)是更基本的健康之路，然后再因人而異進(jìn)行適度鍛煉，增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。這樣文章思想內(nèi)容會(huì)更加合理、豐富。第一段Importanceofgoodhealth要談到健康是正常工作、學(xué)習(xí)和享受生活的前提。接下來的兩段會(huì)出現(xiàn)94年考題一樣的問題，即內(nèi)容重復(fù)。為了避免與第二段Waystokeepfit內(nèi)容撞車，第三段Myownpractices可以寫的具體一些，比如說自己飲食有一日三餐的好習(xí)慣，沒有現(xiàn)代許多人養(yǎng)成的吃brunch(早中餐合在一起)的毛病，不吸煙，愛打球等等。參考作文：Asapopularsayinggoes,“Healthisbetterthanwealth,”healthisveryimportantinourlife.Withgoodhealthwecandoourworkwithfullconfidenceandhighefficiencyandprogressinwork,inturn,willcontributetoourhealthandhappiness.Besides,ifwewanttoenjoylifebygoingoutforatrip,takingpartinsportsgames,orevenhavinganicemeal,goodhealthisanecessity.Inmyopinion,therearethreewaystokeephealthy.Firstly,regularmealsareessentialforgoodhealth.Nowadaysmanypeopleareusedtohaving“brunch”insteadofbreakfastandlunch,whichdisorderstheirnormalmeals.Secondly,properrelaxationandentertainmentarenecessaryforustogetridofthepressurefromwork.Wemustbecarefulnottopushourselvestoomuch.Finally,regularexercisesmayaddtoourvigorandhealth.Personally,Ialwayseatproperlyanddoexercisesregularly.Unlikemanypeoplewiththehabitofdrinkingorsmoking,Ipreferdrinkinggreentea.Mylifeisquitebusybutregular.考研英語輔導(dǎo)專家楊朝春談?dòng)⒄Z作文問題之二先看1997年試題：Directions:A.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan120words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.C.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Interpretthefollowingpictures.2.Predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreasons.(15points)這是近年來第一次出現(xiàn)的圖表作文，主題較往年隱含，審題難度加大，需要更加細(xì)心。首先還是充分利用文字信息：考題第二條要求提到了tendencyoftobaccoconsumption,煙草消費(fèi)趨勢；下面的圖畫、數(shù)字及中文也表明，本文主題即“世界煙草消費(fèi)趨勢”。這里有一個(gè)誤區(qū)：第二組圖畫配上數(shù)字，形象具體，使人深感吸煙危害之大，提筆之后容易批評起吸煙的害處，而忽視對數(shù)椐的理解，不知不覺離題遠(yuǎn)去。因此，一旦確定了主題就要緊緊圍繞著它去寫，不為其他因素干擾。此外，對首段的描述不能只停留在圖畫、數(shù)字的表面，要發(fā)掘內(nèi)涵。比如柱狀圖數(shù)字顯示，煙草消費(fèi)94年143.64億磅，95年是142億磅，說明有下降趨勢。參考作文：Smokersappeareverywhere,inthestreets,shops,evenoncollegecampuses.Thereare5.8billionpeopleintheworld,amongwhichabout1.1billionaresmokers,makingup20percentoftheworld’stotalpopulation.Smokingisveryharmful.Itconsumesagreatdealofmoney.Asisshowninthepictorialgraph,smokingtakesup200billiondollarsaroundtheworldeachyear.Moreover,smokingdoesharmtothehealthofsmokers,anditistheprincipalcauseoflungcancer.About3millionpeoplediebecauseoftherelevantdiseasesresultingfromsmokingeveryyear.Becausemoreandmorepeopleareawareoftheharmtohumans,theamountoftobaccoconsumptionisonthedecrease.Fromthefollowingfigureswecanclearlyseethetendency.Thetotalamountoftheworld’stobaccoproductionaddedupto14.364billionpoundsin1994,butitdroppedto14.2billionpoundsin1995.Atthesametime,manycountriescallonpeopletogiveupsmoking.Soitiscertainthatthenumberofsmokersistodecreaseintheyearstocome.再看1993年試題：Directions:A.Title:ADVERTISEMENTONTVB.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:120—150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)D.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“TodaymoreandmoreadvertisementsareseenontheTVscreen.”O(jiān)UTLINE:1.Presentstate2.Reasons3.Mycomments(15points)這一年作文所給提綱較籠統(tǒng)，留出較多的發(fā)揮空間，但能否發(fā)揮好也是挑戰(zhàn)：廣告多了是好還是不好，作者需要根據(jù)自己的認(rèn)識來判斷。這種題材容易寫偏題。按照一般人的印象，電視上的廣告是多而濫，審題不仔細(xì)的人可能一上來憑直覺就批評廣告太多，破壞了電視節(jié)目的連貫和整體效果，有些產(chǎn)品廣告還會(huì)誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者等等。但文章主題卻是“分析電視廣告多的現(xiàn)象”，評論也是在此之后的事。根據(jù)篇首句和提綱，第一段應(yīng)描述電視廣告多，多到什么程度。第二段分析廣告越來越多的原因，比如廠家要推銷產(chǎn)品，電臺要營利，百姓也需要了解產(chǎn)品便于購物。最后一段才發(fā)表自己見解，廣告多是好還是不好，理由是什么。參考作文：TodaymoreandmoreadvertisementsareseenontheTVscreen.ItisdifficulttofindaprogramwithoutinsertionofadsonTV.Food,clothes,booksandsoonarepresentedontelevision.Fromtimetotime,wecanalsoseesomepublicwelfareads,appealingtopeopletoprotecttheenvironment.Nomatteryoulikeitornot,TVadvertisementhasbecomeanefficientmeansofinformationdisseminationinourmarketeconomy.Thereareseveralreasonscontributingtothisincreasinglyprosperousadvertisementindustry.Becauseoftherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,manymanufacturershaverealizedtheimportantroleofa