2025年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)58 閱讀理解＋讀后續(xù)寫

練習(xí)58閱讀理解+讀后續(xù)寫

I.閱讀理解

A

2022?全國(guó)乙卷說(shuō)明文300詞★★★★☆

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredictedit

wouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper

100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday*schildrenandteenagers

areconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsix

monthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyear

endinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制

造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultof

manufacturers*effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeen

forcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugar

content.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingto

changeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,

asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.

Today*sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingby

raisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationto

haveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)政府對(duì)軟飲料征收的糖稅來(lái)解決兒童以及青

少年的健康問(wèn)題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育。

1.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.

B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.

D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichapplies

tosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.（該稅

于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過(guò)5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖）”可知，征收

糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖，保護(hù)兒童健康。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.

B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.

D.Thereducedtheirproducts*sugarcontent.

答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshops

havehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店

中銷售的超過(guò)一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅）”可知，一些飲料公司通過(guò)降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來(lái)避稅。

故選D項(xiàng)。

3.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.

C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.

答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,

haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-based

drinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresper

year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)惹惱消費(fèi)者。果

汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬(wàn)升的小公司也是免稅的）”可知，

糖稅主要來(lái)自經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)這些高糖品牌。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.

B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.

D.Itupsetscustomers.

答案與解析:B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中uToday'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,

showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthier

eatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健

康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊）“可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B項(xiàng)。

B

2022?全國(guó)乙卷說(shuō)明文307詞★★★★☆

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,

helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesin

thesky“technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基石出設(shè)施）

worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamething

toinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracks

andswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-time

performancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detecting

faultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforrail

don'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.They

willbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswith

advancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytosee

ahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠

的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。

5.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones*abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.

D.Drones*reliableperformanceinremoteareas.

答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tension

electricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrail

infrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.（無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電

線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來(lái)檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的

正確位置）”可推知，無(wú)人機(jī)在高空工作的能力使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。

6.Whatdoes"maintenance“underlinedinParagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.

B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.

D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

答案與解析：C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately

20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairthe

railinfrastructure.（據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜

間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）“可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于uinspectandrepairthe

railinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsand

betterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C

項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair（檢修）含義相近。故選C。

7.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.

B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.

D.Toacceleratetransportation.

答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIand

travellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalany

problem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.（帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無(wú)人

機(jī)可以像副駕駛一樣在火車前面行駛。憑借他們的預(yù)見能力，他們可以發(fā)出任何問(wèn)題的信號(hào)，以便快速行

駛的火車能夠及時(shí)做出反應(yīng)。）”可知對(duì)于無(wú)人機(jī)期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題做出預(yù)警。故選A。

8.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

答案與解析：D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethe

safetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?

Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's'eyesinthesky'technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsof

kilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.（一小群無(wú)人機(jī)

能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的‘空中之

眼'技術(shù)的未來(lái)，以確保全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。）”以及后文第二段講到

了使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能；第三段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成

本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過(guò)使用最新的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的

價(jià)值，可知文章主要講述了無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)，所以D項(xiàng)“無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)?！狈?/p>

合文章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。

II.讀后續(xù)寫

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

[2024?湖北武漢部分學(xué)校調(diào)研]

AHeartyWelcome

Chasecountedhisnewyeargiftsonemoretimeasheputarobot-shapederaserintoeachenvelope."Twenty,

twenty-one,twenty-two.

“Doyouhaveoneforeveryoneinyourclass?”Momasked.

“Yep!"Chasesaid."Tmreadyforthepartytomorrow!”

WhenChasegottoschoolthenextday,hesawanewgirlinhisclassroom.ShestoodnearMs.Robinsand

lookedaroundshyly.

“ThisisEva,“saidMs.Robins."Willsomeonevolunteertoshowheraroundtoday?”Chaseraisedhis

handsincehelikedshowingthenewkidsaroundandhelpingthemfeelwelcome.

“Thanks,Chase,"Ms.Robinssaid."Nowlefsgetdowntoourwork.”

That*swhenChaserealizedhedidn*thaveanewyeargiftforEva.Nooneelsewouldhaveoneeither.Chase

picturedhisclassmates*deskscoveredwithgiftswhileEva'sdeskwasempty.Hefeltsadaboutthat.

Atbreak,hewascarefulnottomentionthepartyasheshowedEvaaroundtheplayground.Atlunchtime,he

walkedEvatothelunchroom,stillworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenattheparty.Evahadbroughtapackedlunch,

soChaseshowedherwhereshewassupposedtositandintroducedhertosomeofthekidsathertable.

Whileeating,Chasesuddenlyrememberedthatkidsoftenincludedcandyheartswiththenewyeargifts

theyexchanged.Thiswon'tbeNewYear'sDayforEvawithnogifts.Butashesatdownathistable,anidea

floodedintohishead.Hewhisperedittothekidsaroundhim.Sooneveryoneatthetablewasnoddingand

whispering.

Whentheywerebackintheclassroomafterlunch,ChasetoldMs.Robinsabouttheirplan.Ms.Robins

smiled."That'sverythoughtful,shesaid."Let'sgoforit.”

Itwasmathtime,soChaseinvitedEvatostudywithhim.HemadesureEvasatwithherbacktotheroomso

shewouldn'tnotice.

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。

Meanwhile,hernewclassmateswerebusyworkingonsomething.

“Here'syournewyeargift,Eva.It*sfromeveryone，”Chasesaid.

Onepossibleversion：

Meanwhile,hernewclassmateswerebusyworkingonsomething.TheyweregoingtogiveEvatheir"hearts”.

Quicklybutquietly,Ms.Robins,withanexquisitepaperbagshefetchedfromheroffice,waswalkingaroundthe

classroomtocollectthecandyhearts.Growingheavywiththepaperbagwasthestudents'welcomefortheirnew

classmate.SittingbesideEva,Chasefelthisheartracingandpalmssweating.Inordernottoruinthenewyear

surpriseforEva,hepretendedtobediscussingmathproblemswithhertooccupyherattention.Thestoneinhis

heartfinallydroppedwhenMs.Robinstiptoedtowardshimandplacedthepaperbagonhishands.

aHere'syournewyeargift,Eva.It'sfromeveryone,“Chasesaid.SurprisewrittenonEva'sface,sheturned

aroundandwasgreetedbythesunnysmilesonherclassmates'faces."Openit,“Chasesaid.Nosoonerhadshe

openedthepaperbagthaneverybodycheered,uHappyNewYear."Thecandieswhichweremadeintheshapeof

heartsblurredhereyes.Springingfromherseat,shesteppedforwardandbowedtohernewbutconsiderate

classmates,whonotonlyerasedheranxietybutalsoplantedtheseedofhopeinherheart.Wha