Unit4重要知識點牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊

8AU4【wele】instructionn.指示（可數(shù)）followtheinstruction遵循指示hadbetterdosth最好做某事縮寫：’dbetterhadbetternotdosth最好不要做某事Noproblem.“沒問題”表示同意或愉快地答應請求“不用謝；別客氣；沒什么”用來回答感謝（主要用于美式英語）“沒關系，沒什么”用來回答道歉exactadj.確切的→exactlyadv.確切地；精確地standfor代表，象征（不用于進行時；不用于被動語態(tài)）WhenyoudoDIY，youmake,repairordecoratethingsyourselfinsteadofpayingsomeonetodoit.當你做DIY的時候，你自己制作、修補或裝飾東西，而不是付錢讓某人做這些（事情）。insteadof介詞短語“而不是；代替”+名詞/代詞/vinginstaedadv.“代替；而不是”在句中作狀語，常用于句末；位于句首時，通常后面用逗號與后面隔開，起鏈接上下句的作用。apairofscissors“一把剪刀”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)scissors剪刀通常用復數(shù)形式apairofgloves/shoes/glasses/trousers/sockssomethingnew新東西→復合不定代詞+adj./todo【reading】becrazyabout(doing)sth對（做）某事著迷Heoncetiredtoputinabrightlightinhisbedroom,buthemadeamistake.once①adv.“曾經(jīng)，一度”表示過去某個時間或過去某段時間。當表示過去某段經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗時，它也放在句首作狀語。②adv.“一次”，表示頻率putin安裝（名隨代中）makeamistake/makemistakes犯錯putup掛起；張貼；舉起；搭起puton穿上putaway放好putoff推遲putout熄滅fill...with...用...填充...befilledwith=befullofnotonly...butalso...不僅...而且...著重強調后者，遵循就近原則Notonlyyoubutalsohehastoleave.不只是你，他也得離開。6.詞條用法例句on表示一個物體在另一個物體的表面上，強調兩者接觸Thereisacuponthetable.over指一物在另一物的垂直上方，多暗指懸空，反義詞underThere’sabridgeovertheriverabove某物的位置高于另一物，但不一定是在正上方，不接觸另一物，反義詞belowThesunrisesabovethehorizon。太陽在地平線上升起。7.buysbsth=buysthforsb8.adviseabtodosth建議某人做某事advicen.建議apieceofadvice一條建議already“已經(jīng)”通常用在肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑問句中，在否定句或疑問句中用yet.attendclass/lesson/meeting/concert等【grammar】Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.用一把剪刀剪出卡片。cutcuttingcutcutthrough開辟cutin插入cutup切碎cutdown削減cutout刪除cutoff切斷Drawapictureaboutthewordsorsentenceontheothersideofthecard.在卡片的另外一面畫一副與詞語或句子相關的圖畫。ontheothersidesideof...“在...的另一邊/面”這個詞組常用于只有兩邊/面的事物，如街道street,道路road,河流river，紙張papergiveup(放棄)+名詞/代詞/vinggiveaway贈送;捐贈giveout分發(fā)givein屈服；投降giveback歸還giveoff發(fā)出（蒸汽，光）withoutprep.沒有，不（做某事）+名詞/代詞/vingsometime某時sometime一段時間sometimes偶爾，有時sometimes幾次祈使句當我們向他人發(fā)出命令，提出要求或建議時，常使用祈使句。祈使句的祝愿時you（聽話人），通常不明確表示出來。句式結構例句肯定句Do型：動詞原形（+賓語）+其他成分。Haveaseathere.這邊坐。Be型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。Beagoodchild!要做一個好孩子！Let型：Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分。Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你。否定句Do型和Be型均在句首加Don’t構成。Don’tbelateforschool!上學不要遲到！Let型的否定形式有兩種：Don’t+let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分。Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他成分。Don’tlethimgo.=Lethimnotgo.反義疑問句祈使句+willyou/won’tyou?Openthewindow,willyou?Letus不包括聽話者在內(nèi)，指示對聽話者說，反義疑問句的主語仍然為youLetusplaywithsnow,willyou?讓我們玩雪，好嗎？Letusplaywithsnow,shallwe?咱們玩雪吧，好嗎？Let’s是表示第一人稱的祈使句，包含說話者，所以反義疑問句的主語為we.※（1）有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下，動詞可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.有些祈使句可用No開頭，用來表示禁止。Nosmoking!禁止吸煙！為了使祈使句聽來比較客氣，委婉，除了用please外，句末還可用willyou。Readthetext,willyou?讀一下這篇文章，好嗎？在祈使句的前面加上do可以加強語氣，有makesure(一定，務必)的意思。Doremembertocallme.祈使句的答句常用一般將來時。Don’tsmokehere.Sorry,Iwon’t.用should和hadbetter提建議should和hadbetter都是情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原形，而且均無人稱和數(shù)的變化。should“應該”，常用來表示勸告、建議或義務，其語氣比must及hadbetter委婉，否定形式直接在后面加not(shouldnotdosth)。hadbetter“最好”,常用來提出建議，語氣比should強一些，其中had?？s略為’d,其否定形式是直接在后面加not(hadbetternotdosth)?！?）在含有hadbetter的反義疑問句中，疑問部分一般用“had+主語”，但有時也可用“willyou”,表示一種請求或建議。You’dbetternotgoouttoday,hadyou?You’dbetteretomyhouse,willyou?(2)對長輩或上級說話時，應避免使用hadbetter，比較有禮貌的說法是“Itmay/mightbebetterforyoutodosth”Itmightbebetterforyoutotakeataxi.【integratedskills&studyskills&task】mixvt/vi.混合mixwith...與..混合起來mixup弄錯，弄混mixedadj.混合的addvt/vi增加，補充add...to...把...加到...中去；往...中加...補充（說道），即“又說；繼續(xù)說”Usefruitinseason.用當季水果。inseason當季outofseason淡季makesure確保；查明；弄清楚makesureof/about/todo/that從句makesure“務必，確?！被颉皩⒛呈屡宄眀esure“確信”，指某人對某事對某種情況有把握forexample“例如”，強調舉例說明，一般只舉同類人或物中的一個作為插入語，且用逗號隔開，可置于句首，句中或句末suchas用來“羅列”同類人或物中的幾個例子，可置于被例舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，但其后不能用逗號。prepare+名詞/代詞/todoprepareforsth.=getreadyforsb為某事做準備leavevi.使處于某種狀態(tài)leave+賓語+賓語補足語（adj./adv./prep）vt.丟下，遺忘leavesth+介詞短語“把某物落在...”It’stimeforsth.It’stimefordoingsth.It’stimeforsbtodosth.It’stimetodosthstopdoingsth停止正在做的事stoptodosth停下正在做的事情去做別的事correctadj.正確的反義詞：incorrectcorrectlyadv.正確地vt.訂正certainadj.確定的+todo/that從句certainlyadv.當然，確定=ofcourseuncertainadj.不確定的●加前綴un,im,in,ir,dis變反義詞unableunableimpatientimpatientfortableunfortablepossibleimpossiblemonunmonpoliteimpolitefairunfairincorrectincorrectfriendlyunfriendlyactiveinactivehappyunhappyexpensiveinexpensivehealthyunhealthycorrectincorrecthelpfulunhelpful/helplessirregularirregularimportantunimportantdisappeardisappearkindunkindcoverdiscoverluckyunluckyhonestdishonestpleasantunpleasantlikedislikesuccessfulunsuccessfulusualunusualIt’s(im)possibletodosth(不)可能做某事tidyup收拾妥，整理好tidyadj.整潔的反義詞：dirty/untidydecidevt.決定decidetodosthdecisionn.決定makeadecision做出決定decide經(jīng)過考慮、商談或研究之后做出的決定或下決心makeupone’smind和“猶豫不決”相對應，意為“下定決心”makeupone’smindtodosthsecretadj.秘密的keepitsecret保密n.秘密keepasecret/keepsecrets16.gowrong弄錯；犯錯；（機器）出故障17.covern.封面；蓋子，罩thecoverof......的蓋子v.覆蓋、蓋住becoveredwith...被...覆蓋cover...with用...覆蓋...\pletevt.完成adj.完全的，徹底的Sheisapletestrangetome.她對于我來說完全是一個陌生人。paintv.用顏料畫；在...上刷油漆paintsth+顏色把某物涂成..顏色paintonsth涂/刷...n.（不可數(shù)）顏料20.作文：描述自己的DIY體裁：說明文話題：制作物品/食物時態(tài)：一般將來時人稱：第一人稱段落布局：開頭介紹制作的目的主體介紹制作過程firstnext...later...inthe結尾描述自己的感受WhenIpleted

【例題精講】用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.You'dbetter_______(notmake)himangryagain2.Hissoniscrazyabout_______(watch)TV.3.Hehadagreattime_______(play)chesswithme.4.Thegirlcan'tdecidewhichone_______(buy).5.NotonlymyparentsbutalsoI_______(be)interestedinthegame【答案】1.notmake2.watching3.playing4.tobuy一、單項選擇1.Don’tplayinthestreet.It’sdangerous.________.A.No,Idon’t B.No,Iwon’t C.Yes,Iwill D.Yes,Iwon’t2.You________tellhimtheresultrightaway.A.shouldnot B.shouldnottoC.shouldtonot D.notshould3.Jim,_________readbookswhileyouareonthebus.Ok,Thankyou.A.don’t B.doesn’tC.won’t D.can’t4.Mum,therearenopearsforasalad.Shallweuseoranges_________?Ok.A.too B.already C.insteadof D.instead5.Youlooksotired.Whynot__________?A.stoptohavearest B.tostoptohavearestC.stophavingarest D.tostophavingarest6.You’dbetter_________shortpassageseveryday.A.topracticereading B.practicereadingC.practicingreading D.practiceread7.IamsorryIbrokethewindow.You_________playfootballnearthewindow.A.should B.wouldrather C.shouldn’t D.hadbetter8.It’srainingoutside,you________goout.A.hadbetternot B.wouldbetter C.wouldn’t D.hadbetter9._________thisrockmusic,please!Iamafraidsomepeoplecan’tstandthisnoise.A.Stopping B.StopC.Stops D.Tostop10.Youhavemadesomemistakesagain!Ithinkyou__________bemorecareful!A.would B.may C.can D.should11.Please_________,theyarehavingameeting!A.notbesonoisy B.bequietC.mustn’ttalk D.benot12._________belateagain,Lucy!A.Don’tto B.Don’t C.Not D.Nospeaking13.Mike,youshould_________yourbedroom.It’s_________.A.tidyup;tidy B.tidyup;untidyC.tidy;untidy D.totidyup;untidy14._________playwithfire.__________withfireisdangerous.A.Don’t;Playing B.Not;PlayingC.Don’t;Play D.Notto;ToPlay15.Simon.WhatdoIneedtotakeforthehiking?You’dbetter_________morewaterthanusual.It’shottoday.A.totake B.take C.taking D.took16.Isyourbrothercrazy__________putergames?No,heisn’t.A.of B.in C.about D.at17.Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave__________onethismonth.A.theother B.some C.another D.other18.Don’t__________thepicturesontheblackboard!A.puton B.putaway C.putup D.putin19.Wouldyouliketopaintthewhitewall___________blue?A.with B.in C.of D./20.Mr.SmithwasillsoIwenttohavethelesson__________.A.insteadof B.instead C.inplaceof D.intheplace【答案】BAADABCABDBBBABCCCDB二、詞匯拼寫A）根據(jù)句意和所給中文，用單詞的正確形式填空。1.Iwillgotobuysome(工具)tomakeacageforthebird.2.IwantaskMr.Smithto____________(裝飾)mynewhouse.3.Mybrotheris_____________(確切的)1.75mtall.4.Climbersusuallytakesomeclimbing______________(繩)withthem.5.Beforeyoutakethemedicine,youhadbetterreadthei____________first.6.Iwillrepairthetelephoneinsteadof___________(buy)anewone.7.Youworkforalongtime,you’dbetter____________(have)arest.8.Ican’tseethepicture___________(clear).【答案】tools;decorate;exact;ropes;instructions;buying;have;clearlyB）根據(jù)句意，用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.____________(notsmoke)here,Rick.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.2.Hemadeafew___________(mistake)inhisexams.3.Hepractices__________(play)theguitaronSunday.4.__________(e)and__________(help)me,please.5.__________(notlook)atthepictures.6.Youshould____________(notbe)lateforschool.7._____________(notplay)tricksonthatboy.He’smuchyoungerthanyou.8.Shoppingonlineisfastandeasy,butyou’dbetter__________(notbe)crazyaboutit.【答案】Don’tsmoke;mistakes;playing;ehelp;Don’tlook;notbe;Don’tplay;notbe三、單詞拼寫1．Heboughtaset(套)ofthe_______（工具）．2．What'sUFO_______（確切地），Mike?3.Sheis_______（已經(jīng)）17yearsold.Shecanlookafterherself.4.Theydidn'tinvitetheboy_______（反而）．5.Didyou_______（出席）yourson'sparents'meetingyesterday?6．Heisagood_______（例子；榜樣）inourclass.7．It's_______(可能的）torainthisevening.8.Nomatterwhathappens,we'llkeepthe_______（秘密）．9．Hekept_______（拼寫）thewordwrong.10._______（使處于某種狀態(tài)）thewetbookinthesunforsometime.11．Couldyoupassthebooktome?_______(certain),hereyouare!12.Therearemany_______(brush)inthebox.13.Theboyisafraidtospeakinfrontofthewholeclass.Heis_______(active)．14.Sheisthetopstudentinmyclass.Sheoftenanswersquestions_______(correct).15.Didyouenjoy_______(you)inthesummerholiday,boysandgirls?【答案】1.tools2,exactly3.already4.instead5.attend6.example7.possible8.secret9.spelling10.Leave11.Certainly12.brushes13.inactive14.correctly15.yourselves四、完形填空MyparentstookmetoJapanwhenIwaslittle.Ilivedthereforfiveyears._1_Icameback,myJapanesewasverygood.“CanIdosomethingusefulwithmyJapanese?”Iaskedmyself.Then,onedaylastspring,Igotagoodchance.EveryonewasafraidofSARS,soIstayedathomewith__2__todo.MyfatherboughtmeaJapanesebook.“Whydon’tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbetterthan___3___putergamesallday.”Ipromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButI__4__Ifounditwashardtokeepthepromise.OnedayinMay,theweatherwasbeautiful.ButIcouldn’tgoout.Those2,000wordswerestill_5__me.Aftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn’tmakemyselfturnthepages.HowIwishedIcouldjustgooutsideand__6__footballwithmyfriends!Icountedthewordsagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting___7__mymind.Onesaid,“Don’tgiveup!Keepworkinghard,andyouwilldowell!”Butthentheotheronesaid“Goandplay!Itwillbemore__8_thantranslating.Doyourworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwould__9___theputerButthenIremember__10__myparentshadtoldme:“Whateveryoudo,don’tstophalfway.”SoIsatdownandwentonwithit.()1.A.BecauseB.UntilC.SinceD.When()2.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything()3.A.beplayedB.playingC.playedD.plays()4.A.justthenB.rightnowC.soonD.suddenly()5.A.talkingtoB.lookingatC.smilingatD.waitingfor()6.A.playB.giveC.buyD.watch()7.A.inB.withC.aboutD.for()8.A.funB.importantC.usefulD.dangerous()9.A.turnonB.turnoffC.openD.close()10.A.howB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】1~5DABCD6~10AAABD五、閱讀理解AfriendofminenamedPaulreceived（收到）anexpensivecarfromhisbrotherasaChristmaspresent．OnChristmasEvewhenPaulcameoutofhisoffice，astreeturchin(頑童)waswalkingaroundtheshiningcar．“Isthisyourcar，Paul？”heasked．Paulanswered，“Yes，mybrothergaveittomeforChristmas．”Theboywassurprised（驚奇）．“Youmeanyourbrothergaveittoyouanditdidn’tcostyouanything？Boy，Iwish…”Hehesitated(猶豫)．Ofcourse，Paulknewwhathewasgoingtowishfor（希望）．Hewasgoingtowishhehadabrotherlikethat.ButwhattheboysaidsurprisedPaulgreatly.“Iwish,”theboywenton，“thatIcouldbeabrotherlikethat．”Paullookedattheboyinsurprise,thenhesaidagain,“Wouldyouliketotakearideinmycar？”“Ohyes，I’dlovethat．”Afterashortride，theboyturnedandwithhiseyesshining，said，“Paul，wouldyoumind（介意）drivinginfrontofmyhouse？”Paulsmiledalittle．Hethoughtheknewwhattheboywanted．Hewantedtoshowhisneighboursthathecouldridehomeinabigcar.ButPaulwaswrongagain.“Willyoustopwherethosetwostepsare？theboyasked．Heranuptothesteps.TheninashortwhilePaulheardhimingback,buthewasnotingfast.Hewascarryinghislittlecrippled（殘疾的）brother.Hesathimdownonthestepandpointedtothecar.“Theresheis,Buddy,justlikeItoldyouupstairs.HisbrothergaveittohimforChristmasanditdidn’tcosthimacent（美分）.AndsomedayI’mgoingtogiveyouonejustlikeit…thenyoucanseeforyourselfallthenicethingsintheChristmaswindowsthatI’vebeentryingtotellyouabout.”Paulgotoutandliftedtheboytothefrontseatofhiscar.Theshiningeyedolderbrotherclimbedinbesidehimandthethreeofthembegananunforgettable（難忘的）holidayride.()16.Thestreeturchinwasverysurprisedwhen________．A.PaulreceivedanexpensivecarB.PaultoldhimaboutthecarC.hesawtheshiningcarD.hewaswalkingaroundthecar()17.Fromthestorywecanseetheurchin________．A.wishedtogivehisbrotheracarB.wantedPaul’sbrothertogivehimacarC.wishedhecouldhaveabrotherlikePaul’sD.wishedPaulcouldbeabrotherlikethat()18.TheurchinaskedPaultostophiscarinfrontofhishouse________．A.toshowhisneighboursthebigcarB.toshowhehadarichfriendC.tolethisbrotherrideinthecarD.totellhisbrotherabouthiswish()19.Wecaninfer（推斷）fromthestorythat________．Paulcouldn’tunderstandtheurchinB.theurchinhadadeeploveforhisbrotherC.theurchinwishedtohavearichbrotherD.theurchin’swishcametrueintheend()20.Thebestnameofthenamestoryis_________．A.AChristmasPresentB.AStreetUrchinC.ABrotherLikeThatD.AnUnforgettableHolidayRide【答案】BADBCSkindivingisanewsporttoday．Thissporttakesyouintoawonderfulnewworld.Itislikeavisittothemoon！Whenyouareunderwater,itiseasyforyoutoclimbbigrocks,becauseyouarenolongerheavy．Here，underwater，everythingisblueandgreen.Duringtheday，thereisenoughlight．Whenfishswimnearby（附近），youcancatchthemwithyourhands．Whenyouhavetanks（罐子）ofaironyourback，youcanstayindeepwaterfora