山東省聊城市高二下學期期末考試英語試題

2021—2022學年度第二學期期末教學質量抽測高二英語試題本試卷分四部分，共12頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1WhatisChrisdoingnow?A.Havingbreakfast.B.Cleaninghisroom.C.Lookingforhiscellphone.2.WhatlanguagesisJohnlearningnow?A.FrenchandSpanish.B.SpanishandGreek.C.GreekandFrench.3.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Starttheparty.B.PickupTom.C.WaitforTom.4.HowdoesKatefindtheplay?A.Boring.B.Touching.C.Interesting.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aboringlesson.B.Ademandingteacher.C.Adifficultexam.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6.7題。6.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Auniversity.B.Ahospital.C.Abusstation.7.Howwilltheygettothedestination?A.Onfoot.B.Bybike.C.Bytaxi.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatisDavid’ssisterstudyingnow?A.Law.B.Acting.C.Medicine.9.Whatisthewomanlikelytodonext?A.Attendaclass.B.AskaboutDavid’sstudy.C.GotogreetDavid’ssister.10.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inapark.B.Inahospital.C.Inacinema.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhydidLucy’sfamilyarrivehomelate?A.Theylosttheirway.B.Theyranoutofoil.C.Theyhadacaraccident.12.WhoofferedhelptoLucy’sfamilyyesterday?A.Afarmer.B.Apassingdriver.C.Thetrafficpolice.13.WhatdidLucydowhilewaitingforhelp?A.Sheplayedcards.B.Shelistenedtostories.C.Shehadawalk.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatisJanieChodoshattending?A.Alecture.B.Ajobinterview.C.Aradioprogram.15.WhatisthestoryofJanie’sbookbasedon?A.Ananimaldoctor’srealexperiences.B.Aman’stravelstory.C.Areportontheelephant.16.WhatdidSarmaprobablywanttodoasalittleboy?A.Topreventpeoplefromkillingelephants.B.Tohelptreatsickelephants.CTomakeahomeforelephants.17.WhatdoesthemanthinkofwhatJaniedid?A.Meaningful.B.Shocking.C.Risky.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatisSocotraIslandfamousfor?A.Itsnature.B.Itshistory.C.Itslocation.19.WhichmonthisbestforhikinginSocotra?A.August.B.SeptemberC.October.20.Whatdothetwowayshaveinmon?A.Botharenonstopflights.B.Bothtakeover2hours.C.Botharerunonceaweek.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AThere’snoothertimeofyearquitelikefall.Coolmorningsgivewaytoafternoonswarmedbythesunandthechangesintemperaturecreatebeautifulcolorsbeforewintersetsin.So,grabyourcameraforoneofnature’smostimpressivespectacles—thechangingcolorsoftheleavesduringfall.AcadiaNationalPark,MainePeakleafseasoninAcadiatraditionallyfallswithinthefirsttwoweeksofOctober.Thisiswhenyouwillseethebrightdisplaysoforanges,redsandyellows.WhilevisitingAcadia,plantostayatthenearbycoastaltownofBarHarbor,whichisconsideredtobethegatewaytothepark.Whileintown,treatyourselftoatraditionallobsterdinneratBeal’sLobsterPier.TheBerkshires,MassachusettsPeakseasonstartsaroundColumbusDayweekendinmidOctober,andyoucanexpecttoseecolorsrangingfromgoldenyellowstovividorangesanddeepreds.TheBerkshiresfeaturesworldclassentertainment,culturalofferingsandadeeprootedfoodculturewithmanylocallyfocuseddiningoptions.MckenzieRiverScenicByway,OregonPlanyourvisitforpeakseasonwhenthegoldsandredsaremostbright,usuallyinmidOctober.TheMckenzieRiverhassomeofthebestflyfishingsportsinOregon.Foragreatgetawaythatincludesdaysspentonflyfishing,whitewaterraftingandhikingtowaterfalls,makereservationsatEagleRockLodgeforaromanticbedandbreakfast.Charlottesville,VirginiaMidtolateOctoberiswhenyou’llusuallyseethemostdazzlingred,orangeandyellowleaves,butthecolorscanlingerintoearlyNovember.Whenyou’renotwatchingleaves,plantovisitThomasJefferson’sMonticello,theformerhome,gardensandgroundsofthethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Intheevenings,enjoylivemusicattheMillroom.1.WhatcantouristsappreciateinbothAcadiaandtheBerkshires?A.Coastalscenery. B.Historicalbuildings.C.Excellentartexhibitions. D.Speciallocalfood.2.MckenzieRiverScenicBywayoffersagoodchanceto.A.plantsomefruittrees B.dowaterrelatedactivitiesC.enjoynightliveperformances D.takeadventuresintothewilderness3.WhichplacebestsuitstouristswantingtoseethefallcolorsattheendofOctober?A.Charlottesville,Virginia. B.AcadiaNationalPark,Maine.C.TheBerkshires,Massachusetts. D.MckenzieRiverScenicByway,Oregon.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了四個欣賞秋色的好去處?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據AcadiaNationalPark,Maine部分“Whileintown,treatyourselftoatraditionallobsterdinneratBeal’sLobsterPier.(在城里的時候，在比爾的龍蝦碼頭享用傳統(tǒng)的龍蝦晚餐)”以及TheBerkshires,Massachusetts部分“TheBerkshiresfeaturesworldclassentertainment,culturalofferingsandadeeprootedfoodculturewithmanylocallyfocuseddiningoptions.(伯克希爾的特色是世界級的娛樂、文化產品和根深蒂固的飲食文化，以及許多以當地為中心的餐飲選擇)”可知，在Acadia和Berkshires都可以享受當地的特色食物。故選D。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據MckenzieRiverScenicByway,Oregon部分“TheMckenzieRiverhassomeofthebestflyfishingsportsinOregon.Foragreatgetawaythatincludesdaysspentonflyfishing,whitewaterraftingandhikingtowaterfalls,makereservationsatEagleRockLodgeforaromanticbedandbreakfast.(麥肯齊河有俄勒岡州最好的飛釣運動。要想度過一個愉快的假期，包括飛釣、激流漂流和去瀑布徒步旅行，請在鷹巖旅館預訂一張浪漫的床和早餐)”可知，麥肯齊河風景道提供了開展與水有關的活動的機會。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據Charlottesville,Virginia部分“MidtolateOctoberiswhenyou’llusuallyseethemostdazzlingred,orangeandyellowleaves,butthecolorscanlingerintoearlyNovember.(10月中旬至下旬，你通常會看到最耀眼的紅色、橙色和黃色葉子，但這些顏色會持續(xù)到11月初)”可知，Charlottesville,Virginia最適合希望在10月底看到秋色的游客。故選A。BYouthArtForHealingisanonprofitorganizationfoundedbyJanPapirmeisterin2012.AstheExecutiveDirector,shemakesgreateffortstoworkwithschools,hospitalsandotherhealthcareorganizationstobringworksofartcreatedbytheyouthintohealthcareenvironments.Shewantstoprovideasenseoffort,inspirationandhealingforpatients,theirlovedonesandhealthcareprofessionalsduringverychallengingtimes.Asachild,Papirmeisterdonatedherartworkstoavolunteergroupcaringfordyingpeopleandacampforchildrenwithcancer.Shefeltpityforthemsoshehopedherworkscouldbringalittlehelp.Whenshegrewup,shebecameaschoolnurseandshowedstudentshowtocreatedrawingstodecoratethewallsofthehealthoffice.Then,asahospitalnurse,shemadethetimetositwithpatientsandcreateartwiththem.Inherjobasanurse,sherealizedworksofartcouldreallyhelppatientsfeelbetter.HerorganizationYouthArtForHealingisbasedinBethesda,MD.Itprovidesopportunitiesforstudentstolearnaboutthenatureofhealingart,thepowerofarttoheal,howtofollowguidelinesforhealingart,andthevalueofbuildingandstrengtheningmunityconnectionsandspirit.Asstudentssharetheirtalentwiththoseinneed,theyetotherealizationthattheycanmakeadifference.PapirmeisterwasawardedaSocietyfortheArtsinHealthcaregranttobringartworkstopatients,theirfamiliesandhospitalstaff.ShealsoreceivedtwoSCOREAwardsforhereffortstofortpatientsandtheirfamilies.Thiswomanisashiningexampleofanartistandhealerwhousesthehealingpowerofarttobringhugebenefitstochildren,patients,theirlovedones,healthcareproviders,andthemunityatlarge.4.WhydidJanPapirmeistermostprobablystarttheorganization?A.Toofferpeoplementalsupportthroughart. B.Toencouragekidstodevelopartistictaste.C.Tomakeafortuneoutofit. D.Tohelpimprovedoctors’medicalskills.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutJanPapirmeisterwhenshewaslittle?A.Sheoftenchangedherdreams. B.Shewasgenerousandcaredaboutothers.C.Herartworkswerehighlyappreciated. D.Thesufferingofpatientsinspiredher.6.Whatarestudentsawareofthroughworkingwiththeorganization?A.Freehealthcareisimportant. B.Theycanbeesuccessfulartists.C.Artworksareeasilyaccessible. D.Theycanbehelpfulinimprovingothers’life.7.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Papirmeister’sefforthasbeenwellrecognized.B.Papirmeisterpraisesstudentsfortheirprogress.C.Papirmeisteraskspeoplefromallwalksoflifetosupporther.D.Papirmeistermakesabreakthroughinthemedicalmunity.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了由JanPapirmeister創(chuàng)建的青年康復藝術組織，將年輕人創(chuàng)作的藝術作品帶入醫(yī)療環(huán)境，為患者、他們的親人和醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員提供一種舒適感、靈感和治愈感?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“AstheExecutiveDirector,shemakesgreateffortstoworkwithschools,hospitalsandotherhealthcareorganizationstobringworksofartcreatedbytheyouthintohealthcareenvironments.Shewantstoprovideasenseoffort,inspirationandhealingforpatients,theirlovedonesandhealthcareprofessionalsduringverychallengingtimes.（作為執(zhí)行董事，她努力與學校、醫(yī)院和其他醫(yī)療機構合作，將年輕人創(chuàng)作的藝術作品帶入醫(yī)療環(huán)境。她希望在非常困難的時期為患者、他們的親人和醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員提供一種舒適感、靈感和治愈感。）”可知，JanPapirmeister成立這個組織是希望通過藝術為人們提供精神支持。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Asachild,Papirmeisterdonatedherartworkstoavolunteergroupcaringfordyingpeopleandacampforchildrenwithcancer.Shefeltpityforthemsoshehopedherworkscouldbringalittlehelp.（小時候，Papirmeister將她的作品捐贈給了一個照顧垂死者的志愿者團體和一個癌癥兒童營地。她很同情他們，希望自己的作品能給他們帶來一點幫助。）”可知，小時候的Papirmeister慷慨大方，關愛他人。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Asstudentssharetheirtalentwiththoseinneed,theyetotherealizationthattheycanmakeadifference.（當學生與需要幫助的人分享他們的才能時，他們意識到他們可以有所作為。）”可知，通過與組織合作，學生們意識到他們能夠幫忙改善他人的生活。故選D。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據最后一段“PapirmeisterwasawardedaSocietyfortheArtsinHealthcaregranttobringartworkstopatients,theirfamiliesandhospitalstaff.ShealsoreceivedtwoSCOREAwardsforhereffortstofortpatientsandtheirfamilies.（Papirmeister獲得了醫(yī)療保健藝術協(xié)會的撥款，為患者及其家人和醫(yī)院工作人員帶來藝術品。她還因努力安慰患者及其家人而獲得了20個獎項。）”可知，本段主要介紹了她的努力得到了廣泛認可。故選A。CThefossil(化石)discoveryinVictorianowshowsthatmonksealswerewidespreadinAustralasiainthepast.“Monksealsareoneoftherarestandmostendangeredmarinemammals(海洋哺乳動物)alivetoday,butthiswasn’talwaysthecase,”accordingtoleadstudyauthorDr.JamesRulefromMonashUniversity.“OurpapershowsthattheveryendangeredmonksealsoncecalledAustraliahomeaboutfivemillionyearsago(specificallyinVictoria),”hesaid.ThediscoverywasmadebystudyingtwofossilsagainfromMelbourneMuseum’scollections,theidentityofwhichhadbeenamysteryfor40years.“Whenwestudiedthem,theyturnedouttobetheoldestevidenceofmonkseals,”Dr.Rulesaid.“Thesefossils,alongwiththeextinctNewZealandspeciesthatwasdiscoveredlastyear,doubletheknowndiversityofthemonkseals,”hesaid.AccordingtoDr.Rule,monksealsdisappearedinAustralasiathreemillionyearsago,andtheyonlylivedinthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))andtheMediterraneanaftertemperaturesfellduringtheIceAges.Thisleftmonksealsontheedgeofdisappearanceafterbeingoverhuntedbyhumans,withabout2,000membersleft.ThediscoveryofNewZealandspeciesandAustralianmonksealsledtheresearcherstorestudytheoriginofthegroup.“OurresearchshowsthatmonksealsbeganinAustralia,”Dr.Rulesaid.“Thisisdifferentfromeverytheorypreviouslyputforwardbyscientists.”PreviousresearchhastheorizedclimatechangeledtothedisappearanceofmanyancientsealsintheSouthernHemisphere.ThiswouldhaveincludedNewZealand’sandAustralianmonkseals.“Thissuggeststheworld’slasttwospeciesofmonksealarealsoatriskfromclimatechange,”Dr.Rulesaid.Ifsealevelcontinuestorise,thebeachesmonksealsrelyonforrestingandraisingyoungonesmaydisappear.8.Whatdoesthenewdiscoveryshowaboutmonkseals?A.Theirlivinghabits. B.Theirgrowthprocess.C.Theirearlyappearance. D.Theirwaysofgettingfood.9.WhatdoweknowaboutthetwofossilsfromMelbourneMuseum?A.Researcherfoundithardtokeepthemingoodcondition.B.Researchersmangedtoidentifythemaftermanyyears.C.Theywereoncethoughttobefossilsofbirds.D.Theywerefirstdiscoveredlastyear.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph4probablyreferto?A.Fightingwaterpollution. B.Sufferingfromalackoffood.C.Havinglimitedlivingplaces. D.Facingincreasingnaturalenemies.11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Climatechangealwaysthreatensmonkseals’survival.B.Scientistscannowmeasuretherateofglobalwarming.C.HumanactivityinAustraliashouldbestrictlylimited.D.Peopleneedtohelpraiseyoungmonkseals.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。僧海豹是現(xiàn)存的最稀少、最瀕危的海洋哺乳生物之一。研究人員通過對兩塊古老化石的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)僧海豹以前廣泛存在于大西洋地區(qū)，但由于氣候變化的影響，這些地區(qū)的僧海豹都消失滅絕，最后說明氣候變化一直威脅著僧海豹的生存?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Thefossil(化石)discoveryinVictorianowshowsthatmonksealswerewidespreadinAustralasiainthepast.(現(xiàn)在在維多利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石表明，僧海豹過去在大洋洲廣泛存在。)”可知，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)表明僧海豹以前在大洋洲廣泛存在，說明了僧海豹早期就露過面了。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段中的“ThediscoverywasmadebystudyingtwofossilsagainfromMelbourneMuseum’scollections,theidentityofwhichhadbeenamysteryfor40years.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是在再次研究墨爾本博物館收藏的兩塊化石后發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這兩塊化石的身份40年來一直是一個謎)”可知，這兩塊化石的身份40年來一直是個謎，說明它們的身份一直沒解開，由此可知出研究人員們一直設法想解開這兩塊化石的身份，與B項互為同義表達。故選B項?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據文章第四段內容“AccordingtoDr.Rule,monksealsdisappearedinAustralasiathreemillionyearsago,andtheyonlylivedinthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))andtheMediterraneanaftertemperaturesfellduringtheIceAges.Thisleftmonksealsontheedgeofdisappearanceafterbeingoverhuntedbyhumans,withabout2,000membersleft.(據魯爾博士說，僧海豹在300萬年前就在大洋洲消失了，它們只在冰河時期氣溫下降后才生活在熱帶和地中海地區(qū)。這使得僧海豹在被人類過度捕殺后處于消失的邊緣，目前約有2000名僧海豹成員。)”可知，指示代詞this指代前面的“theyonlylivedinthetropics（熱帶地區(qū)）andtheMediterraneanaftertemperaturesfellduringtheIceAges.(只在冰河時期生活氣溫下降后才生活在熱帶和地中海地區(qū))”即非常有限的生活空間。故選C項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段內容“PreviousresearchhastheorizedclimatechangeledtothedisappearanceofmanyancientsealsintheSouthernHemisphere.ThiswouldhaveincludedNewZealand’sandAustralianmonkseals.“Thissuggeststheworld’slasttwospeciesofmonksealarealsoatriskfromclimatechange,”Dr.Rulesaid.Ifsealevelcontinuestorise,thebeachesmonksealsrelyonforrestingandraisingyoungonesmaydisappear.(此前的研究從理論上認為，氣候變化導致了南半球許多古海豹的消失。其中包括新西蘭和澳大利亞的僧海豹?！斑@表明，世界上最后兩種僧海豹也面臨著氣候變化的風險，”魯爾博士說。如果海平面繼續(xù)上升，僧海豹賴以休息和養(yǎng)育幼崽的海灘可能會消失。)”可知，氣候變化導致了許多古海豹的消失，其中就包括了新西蘭和澳大利亞僧海豹，如果海平面繼續(xù)上升的話，僧海豹賴以生存的海灘也會消失，進而威脅到僧海豹。這一整段內容都在講氣候變化給海豹帶來的影響，由此可推知氣候變化一直威脅著僧海豹的存在。故選A項。DBlacktaxishavebeenamonsightinLondonfordecades.NowthesetaxisandtheirdrivershavebeethefocusofanewexplorationintoAlzheimer’s(阿茲海默癥).Forthoseontheoutside,itmayseemthatbehindthewheeloftheseblacktaxisarejustregularpeoplewhohelpmoveustoourdestinations.ButwithintheirbrainsisamapofLondon’sstreetsthathasputGPStechnologytoshamefordecades.“TheKnowledge”,thetestforLondon’staxidrivers,standsamongthehardestmentalexaminationsonecouldeverundergo.Itinvolvesrecallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutedetailsabout56,0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.Normally,thehippocampus(海馬體)feelstheeffectsofAlzheimer’smost.UniversityCollegeLondonandAlzheimer’sResearchUKarestudyingthesetaxidrivers’brains,asithasbeenfoundthatthehippocampuscontrollingthebrain’sshorttermmemoryandspatial(空間的)memorysystemsisenlargedintheirbrains.Moreover,thetaxidrivers’hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere’ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheeffectinthegeneralpopulation.LeadresearcherHugoSpierswaspartoftheteamwhich20yearsagofoundthat,likebirdsandsquirrels,thetaxidrivers’hippocampigraduallygotbigger.Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirterritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.Spiers’teamhopestodealwithAlzheimer’sbystudyingthetaxidrivers’brains.Tocollectmoreinformationonthemechanisms(機制)thatcausethe“braingain”,SpiershasaskedthirtyofLondon’staxidriversconnectedtoanMRImachinetodrivearoundontheirroutes.Themachinewillallowtheresearcherstogatherrealtimeobservationsoftheworkingsofthehippocampus.“It’sbeenajoytohelpscientistsfightwiththedisease,”saidtaxidriverRobertLordan.12.Whatcanwesayabout“TheKnowledge”?A.Itlastsforafewminutesonly. B.ItisusuallyheldinLondon’sbusystreets.C.Itisagreatchallengetopeople’smemory. D.ItinvitessomeresidentsinLondontobejudges.13.Whathasbeenfoundaboutthetaxidrivers’hippocampi?ATheyaremorelikelytobeharmed. B.Theygrowinthetaxidrivers’careers.C.Theybenefitfromdailymunicationmost. D.Theyarepooratcontrollingshorttermmemory.14.Whydoestheauthormentiontheresearchonanimals?A.Toimplythenewstudybenefitstheanimalkingdomaswell.B.Topointoutthatmorestudiesonanimals’brainsareneeded.C.Toshowanimals’hippocampiareverydifferentfromhumans’.D.Toprovetheuseofcertainknowledgeinfluencesbraindevelopment.15.WhydotheresearchersobservethetaxidriverswithanMRImachine?A.Tofigureoutwhohasthelargesthippocampus.B.ToknowhowAlzheimer’sdevelopsintheirbrains.C.Tofindouthowtheirhippocampiperformatwork.D.Totestwhetherthespecialmachineiseffective.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在倫敦出租車和司機已經成為研究阿茲海默癥的新焦點，在他們的大腦中隱藏著一張倫敦街道地圖，幾十年來，它讓GPS技術相形見絀。這主要是他們大腦中的海馬體會隨著工作年限的延長而繼續(xù)擴大?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Itinvolvesrecallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutedetailsabout56,0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.(它涉及從倫敦56萬條街道的細節(jié)記憶中反復回憶信息，從特拉法加廣場到最小的住宅小巷)”可知，TheKnowledge對人的記憶力是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Moreover,thetaxidrivers’hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere’ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheeffectinthegeneralpopulation.(此外，出租車司機的海馬體隨著他們從事這項工作多年而不斷擴大，這表明也許我們可以做些什么來在普通人群中重現(xiàn)這種影響)”可知，海馬體在出租車司機的職業(yè)生涯中成長。故選B項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirterritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.(事實上，多年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，任何需要詳細領地空間知識的動物都會經歷海馬體的生長)”可知，作者提到動物（鳥類和松鼠）的研究是為了證明某些知識的長期使用會影響大腦的發(fā)育。故選D項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“Tocollectmoreinformationonthemechanismsthatcausethe“braingain”.SpiershasaskedthirtyofLondon’staxidriversconnectedtoanMRImachinetodrivearoundontheirroutes.(為了收集更多關于“大腦增益”機制的信息，斯皮爾斯已經要求30名連接到核磁共振成像儀的倫敦出租車司機在他們的路線上四處開車)”可知，斯皮爾斯使用核磁共振成像儀的目的是收集更多關于導致“大腦增益”的機制的信息，即弄清楚他們的海馬體在工作中的表現(xiàn)。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Themostrelaxingcolorsaregenerallybelievedtobecoolshadessuchasgreenandblue.____16____Sowecanoftenseethesecolorsinhospitals,testcenters,andtelevisionstations,wherepeoplemaywantsomehelptoeasetheirnervesandbademotions.Homedesignersnotethatpeopleoftendescriberoomspaintedblueandgreenasrelaxingandfortable.Asaresult,architectsoftenusecolorsfromthecoolpartofthecolorcircleinbedroomsandbathrooms.____17____Drivingdownahighway.you’llnoticethatsomesignsconsistofwhitelettersonadarkgreenbackground.____18____Anotherplacewhereweseegreenusedisinthe“greenroom”oftheatersortelevisionstudiosbecausenervousperformersarequietedbythecolor.Thisisalsothereasonwhydoctorsweargreenclothesintheoperatingroom.Andprisoncellsoftenpainttheirwallsgreenforthesameeffect.____19____Oureyessensecolorusingtinysensorssensitivetotheredlight,thegreenlightorthebluelight.However,generallytheyarethemostsensitivetothegreenlight.Researchersthinkthatthissensitivitytogreenobjectsmightaffecthormonalproductionthatinturninfluencesthemood.What’smore,recentstudieshaveshownthatwhenapersonlooksatthegreencoloredpaperorisplacedinagreenroom,theirheartratedrops,bloodpressurelowers,andmusclesrelax.____20____Sonexttimeyou’refeelingnervousorupset,pleasetrytofocusyoureyesonsomethinggreeninsteadofred.A.Therewasresearchintocolorsinancienttimes.B.Incontrast,hotcolorscausethesetorise.C.Differentcolorscancausedifferentpsychologicalreactions.D.Engineersdeterminesuchsignswon’tgetpeople’seyestired.E.Andpaintersoftenusebluesandgreensonwallsandceilings.F.Scientistshavefoundsomeevidenceforthemagicpowerofgreen.G.Itisagreedthatthetwocanmakeusfeelcalm,balancedandlessemotional.【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.F20.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章說明了最令人放松的顏色就是藍色和綠色，因為這些顏色能讓人放松、減壓，因此很多人會把臥室和浴室漆成藍色或綠色，甚至很多高速公路路標也會采用暗綠色的背景。【16題詳解】上文“Themostrelaxingcolorsaregenerallybelievedtobecoolshadessuchasgreenandblue.”提到了最令人放松的兩種顏色：藍色和綠色；而下文“Sowecanoftenseethesecolorsinhospitals,testcenters,andtelevisionstations,wherepeoplemaywantsomehelptoeasetheirnervesandbademotions.”則提到了經常在醫(yī)院、測試中心和電視臺看到這兩種顏色，人們可能需要一些幫助來緩解緊張和不良情緒。由此可推知，設空處表明了這兩種顏色具有某種功用，所以醫(yī)院等地方才會經常用到。G項“Itisagreedthatthetwocanmakeusfeelcalm,balancedandlessemotional.(人們一致認為，這兩者可以讓我們感到平靜、平衡、不那么情緒化。)”中的“thetwo”與上文藍色和綠色兩種顏色對應，“makeusfeelcalm,balancedandlessemotional”則對應下文的“helptoeasetheirnervesandbademotions”。故選G項。【17題詳解】上文“Homedesignersnotethatpeopleoftendescriberoomspaintedblueandgreenasrelaxingandfortable.Asaresult,architectsoftenusecolorsfromthecoolpartofthecolorcircleinbedroomsandbathrooms.Asaresult,architectsoftenusecolorsfromthecoolpartofthecolorcircleinbedroomsandbathrooms.”提到了家居設計師注意到人們認為漆成藍色和綠色的臥室很放松和舒適，因此，建筑師經常在臥室和浴室中使用比較冷淡的顏色。由此可知，這一段都是與家居設計相關的內容，故下文也應保持一致。E項“Andpaintersoftenusebluesandgreensonwallsandceilings.(油漆工也經常在墻壁和天花板上使用藍色和綠色。)”中的“wallsandceilings”恰好與上文中的“bedroomsandbathrooms”對應。故選E項。【18題詳解】上文“Drivingdownahighway.you’llnoticethatsomesignsconsistofwhitelettersonadarkgreenbackground.”提到了高速路上的一些標志的背景底色也是暗綠色的；下文“Anotherplacewhereweseegreenusedisinthe“greenroom”oftheatersortelevisionstudiosbecausenervousperformersarequietedbythecolor.”提到了另一個經?？吹骄G色的地方就是劇院或電視演播室的“綠房間”，因為緊張的演員看到綠色能安靜下來。由此可推知，設空處應該與使用綠色的原因相關。D項“Engineersdeterminesuchsignswon’tgetpeople’seyestired.(工程師們認為這樣的標志不會讓人們的眼睛感到疲勞。)”中的“suchsignswon’tgetpeople’seyestired”恰好與上文的“somesignsconsistofwhitelettersonadarkgreenbackground”相對應。故選D項。【19題詳解】設空處段首，故需要一個總括句。下文“Oureyessensecolorusingtinysensorssensitivetotheredlight,thegreenlightorthebluelight.However,generallytheyarethemostsensitivetothegreenlight.Researchersthinkthatthissensitivitytogreenobjectsmightaffecthormonalproductionthatinturninfluencesthemood.”提到了，我們的眼睛通過對紅光、綠光或藍光敏感的微型傳感器來感知顏色，但一般對綠光最敏感。研究人員認為，這種對綠色物體的敏感性可能會影響荷爾蒙的產生，進而影響情緒。F項“Scientistshavefoundsomeevidenceforthemagicpowerofgreen.(科學家們已經發(fā)現(xiàn)了綠色魔力的一些證據。)”中的“Scientists”與下文的“Researchers”對應，且也是在重點強調綠色的作用，與下文對應。故選F項。【20題詳解】上文“What’smore,recentstudieshaveshownthatwhenapersonlooksatthegreencoloredpaperorisplacedinagreenroom,theirheartratedrops,bloodpressurelowers,andmusclesrelax.”提到了當一個人看著綠色的彩紙或被放在綠色的房間里時，他們的心率會下降，血壓會降低，肌肉會放松。而下文“Sonexttimeyou’refeelingnervousorupset,pleasetrytofocusyoureyesonsomethinggreeninsteadofred.”提到了感到緊張或不安時，試著把眼睛集中在綠色而不是紅色的東西上。由此可推知，設空處提到了紅色這一概念。B項“Incontrast,hotcolorscausethesetorise.(相比之下，火熱的顏色使這些上升。)”提到了“火熱的顏色”，恰好對應下文的“red”，而these則指代前面的heartrate、bloodpressure、muscles。故選B項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IwalkedthroughthePrudentialCenterwearingmyoldblacksweatpantsandasimpleTshirt.Thenthebrightlightsfromthewindownearby____21____myeyeandIcameneartoit.Thewindowwas____22____withthenewcollectionsandsomeclassics.ThatwaswhenIsawthosebeautifulbut____23____GucciTshirts.Thegreenandredstrips（條紋）,akey____24____ofanyGucciproductbuteverybodyknows,shoutedsoloudthatIcouldheartheircries____25____theglass.What’smore,allofthepicturesofthoseGucciTshirtsIhadseen____26____methatIneededthem.ButthenIcollectedmythoughtsandaskedmyself,“DoItruly____27____thedesignofthem,ordoIwantthemjustfor____28____:toletmyfriendsandevenstrangersnoticethatIhaveGucciTshirts?Afterthinking____29____,Ifiguredoutthatthoseitemsaren’treally_____30_____tomeandthattheywouldnothelpmeimprovemyself.Inmyopinionitis_____31_____torelyonluxuriestomakeusfeelspecial._____32_____,notonlydothesebrandsleadustospendalotofmoney,buttheyalsofoolusintothinkingtheseitemsaregoingtomakeusget_____33_____byaparticulargroup.Asenseoftrue_____34_____shouldefromwhatyouhaveaddedtotheworldandhowyouhave_____35_____otherpeople’slivesinagoodway.21.A.hurt B.caught C.opened D.confused22.A.covered B.connected C.filled D.faced23.A.expensive B.fashionable C.simple D.graceful24.A.message B.proof C.function D.element25.A.through B.on C.above D.beneath26.A.forted B.educated C.reminded D.promised27.A.remember B.perceive C.oppose D.appreciate28.A.curiosity B.pleasure C.use D.show29.A.suddenly B.gradually C.carefully D.hurriedly30.A.important B.funny C.enough D.limited31.A.unfair B.dishonest C.unhealthy D.inconvenient32.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However33.A.denied B.recognized C.avoided D.annoyed34.A.security B.duty C.achievement D.value35.A.saved B.influenced C.arranged D.controlled【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.D28.D29.C30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者站在Gucci的店外，被櫥窗里的GucciT恤深深地吸引著，十分想擁有，但經過冷靜思考后，認為不該依賴奢侈品，它并不會幫助提升自己。作者認為真正的價值感來自于你為這個世界做的貢獻，以及如何以一種好的方式影響他人的生活?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這時，附近窗戶里明亮的燈光引起了我的注意，我走近了它。A.hurt傷害；B.caught抓住、捕捉；C.opened打開；D.confused迷惑。根據下文“Icameneartoit”可知，能使作者走近它，說明作者已經被它吸引。catchone’seye常作固定表達，意為“吸引某人的目光”。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：櫥窗里擺滿了新的收藏品和一些經典作品。A.covered覆蓋；B.connected連接；C.filled使充滿