初中一年級下學(xué)期英語《Unit 12 Section A Grammar Focus》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

Unit12SectionAGrammarFocus一般過去時(shí)態(tài)(SimplePastTense)一般過去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài)：Iwasastudentin2020Theywerehappyyesterday.表示過去發(fā)生的動作：Hewenttoschoolbybuslastyear.表示現(xiàn)階段存在的狀態(tài)IamstudentsnowTheyarealwayshappy.表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作;Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.3）表示客觀事實(shí)、永恒的真理。時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening…)lastnight(week,month,year…)thismorning/afternoontwodaysago,aweekago,threeyearsago…theotherday(night)(不久前某一天/夜)in2020,(in1998…)根據(jù)上下文意思o(jì)ften,usually,sometimes,always,everyday,everyweekend,everymorning注意:often,usually,sometimes等表示過去常常、通常、有時(shí)候做某事時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：含有be動詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)一般過去時(shí)注：陳述句主語+be(was/were)+adj./n..Shewasastudent5yearsago.Theywereatschoolyesterday.Thereweretwoapplesonthedeskjustnow.否定句主語+be(was/were)+not+adj./n..Shewasn’tastudent5yearsago.Theyweren’tatschoolyesterday.Thereweren’ttwoapplesonthedeskjustnow.wasnot=wasn’t;weren’t=werenot一般疑問句Be(Was/Were)+主語+adj./n.?Wassheastudent5yearsold?Weretheyatschoolyesterday?Weretheretwoapplesonthedeskjustnow?回答：Yes,…was/were.No,….wasn’t/weren’t.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be(was/were)+主語+adj./n.？Whatwasshe5yearsago?Whereweretheyyesterday?Whatwasonthedeskjustnow?實(shí)意動詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)一般過去時(shí)陳述句主語+v(過去式)+（其它）Itrainedheavilyyesterday.Theywenttoschoolbybusthismorning.無人稱變化否定句主語+didn’t+v(原形)+（其它）Itdidn’trainheavilyyesterday.Theydidn’tgotoschoolbybusthismorning.didn’t=didnot一般疑問句Did+主語+v(原形)+(其它)?Diditrainheavilyyesterday?Yes,itdid.No,itdidn’tDidtheygotoschoolbybusthismorning?Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+did+主語+v.(其它)？Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?Whatdidtheydothismorning?同一般疑問句，助動詞do/does變?yōu)閐id。規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成和發(fā)音如下：一般在動詞原形末尾加-edlooklooked/t/playplayed/d/startstarted/id/過去式“-ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則：

（1）動詞詞尾為清輔音時(shí)，發(fā)/t/音。

help→helped;like→liked;look→looked；watch→watched（2）動詞詞尾為濁輔音或元音時(shí)，發(fā)/d/音。

call→called;stay→stayed;cry→cried（3）動詞詞尾為“t，d”時(shí)，發(fā)/id/音，

want→wanted;need→needed

結(jié)尾是e的動詞加-dlivelived/d/hopehoped/t/likeliked/t/末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-edstopstopped/t/shopshopped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動詞，先變“y”為“i”再加-edstudystudied/id/carrycarried/id/很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，可參見英語書后面第141頁的不規(guī)則動詞表。寫出下列動詞的過去式：look________ watch________ relax________ rain________visit________ pick_________ enjoy________ play________live________ use__________ hope_________ like________stop________ shop_________ study_________ worry_______am/is_______ are_________ bring_________ buy_________come_______ cut_________ do/does_______ draw________drink_______ drive________ eat___________ feed________feel________ fight________ find_________ fly__________forget_______ get_________ go__________ grow________have/has_____ hear________ keep________ know________leave_______ let_________ lose_________ make________meet_______ pay________ put_________ read_________ride________ run________ say_________ see__________sell________ sing________ sit__________ sleep_