Unit5Poems課文詞匯語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

學(xué)案裝訂線學(xué)案裝訂線高二英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案Class：Group:Name:組內(nèi)評(píng)價(jià)：教師評(píng)價(jià)：SelectivepulsoryBook3Unit5PoemsType:ReadingandThinkingLearningaims:Bytheendofthisunit,thestudentswillbeableto1.ReadtheintroductiononsomesimpleformsofEnglishpoems.2.Explorethecharacteristicsofdifferentformsofpoems.Difficultpoints:LearntoappreciateEnglishpoems.【課前預(yù)學(xué)】Beforeclassselfpreview_________寫英文寫中文（）寫詞性draman.戲劇→adj.___________→adv.____________sorrow①()②()→adj._____________imagery()___________()；愛(ài)好文學(xué)的；有文學(xué)作品特征的→n.__________文學(xué)_______________adj.字面上的，逐字的→adv.____________literacyn.literateadj._____________n.押韻詞；押韻的短詩(shī)v.(使)押韻____________n.節(jié)奏；韻律；規(guī)律nursery adj.n____________n.護(hù)士→nursingn.folkadj.n.recite()→______________n.背誦；朗誦dawnn.黎明；vi.課文自主研讀英文詩(shī)歌的幾種簡(jiǎn)單形式人們作詩(shī)有著各種各樣的理由。有些詩(shī)是為了敘事，或是描述讀者腦海中的某個(gè)形象，有些詩(shī)歌試圖傳達(dá)某些諸如喜悅、悲傷之類的情感。詩(shī)歌的顯著特點(diǎn)通常包括：用詞簡(jiǎn)潔；語(yǔ)言描述生動(dòng)、形象；具備整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文學(xué)手法；詞、行、押韻、節(jié)奏等的編排。詩(shī)人用許多不同形式的詩(shī)歌來(lái)表達(dá)他們自己。現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看一些比較簡(jiǎn)單的（詩(shī)歌）形式。

幼兒最早學(xué)習(xí)的一些英文詩(shī)歌是童謠，它們通常是傳統(tǒng)的詩(shī)歌或民歌。這些童謠的語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單明了，像詩(shī)歌A，但帶有故事情節(jié)。許多孩子喜歡童謠，因?yàn)樗麄冄喉?，?jié)奏感強(qiáng)，并且經(jīng)常重復(fù)相同的詞匯。童謠不一定有什么意義，甚至(有的)看起來(lái)自相矛盾，但是他們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)，也容易背誦。通過(guò)童謠中的文字游戲，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了語(yǔ)言。其中最簡(jiǎn)單的一種詩(shī)歌就是“清單詩(shī)”，它包含了一系列事物、人物、思想或描寫，這些都形成一個(gè)特定的主題。清單詩(shī)可長(zhǎng)可短，可以重復(fù)一些短語(yǔ)，較為靈活，這就形成了這種詩(shī)的模式和節(jié)奏。有些清單詩(shī)有韻腳（如B和C），但有一些沒(méi)有。另外一種（詩(shī)歌）業(yè)余愛(ài)好者容易寫的形式簡(jiǎn)單的詩(shī)叫五行詩(shī)，是由五行組成的。用五行詩(shī)，你可以用少量的詞語(yǔ)描繪一幅動(dòng)人的畫面或一種特定的心情?？蠢樱―）。

俳句詩(shī)是一種日本詩(shī)歌類型，它由17個(gè)音節(jié)組成。它的格式是三行，分別包含5、7和5個(gè)音節(jié)。它不是英文詩(shī)歌的傳統(tǒng)形式，但是在用英語(yǔ)寫作的人們中間，這種詩(shī)很流行。它容易寫，而且像五行詩(shī)一樣，可以用很少的詞語(yǔ)呈現(xiàn)出清晰的畫面，表達(dá)出特殊的情感。右邊的俳句詩(shī)（E）是從日文翻譯過(guò)來(lái)的，他展現(xiàn)了一只優(yōu)美的蝴蝶生命中的一瞬間。說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人也喜歡中國(guó)的詩(shī)歌，尤其是唐朝的詩(shī)歌。許多唐詩(shī)已經(jīng)被翻譯成英文了，比如這一首詩(shī)（F）。有了這么多不同的詩(shī)歌類型可供選擇，你最終也許想自己作詩(shī)了。試一試吧！【課上合作研學(xué)】InclasscooperationandexplorationStep1Checkthehomework.Step2LeadinReadthepoemandguessitstitle.HappyRainonaSpringNightGoodrainknowsitstimeright;Itwillfallwhenesspring.Withwinditstealsinnight;Mute,itmoistenseachthing.Step3PredictionWhatdoyouexpecttolearnfromthereadingpassage?————————————————————————————Step4Textualanalysis1.Readthepassagequickly,andanswerthequestions:1).Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Thetextismainlyaboutthe________________of_________formsofEnglishpoemsandexamplesofthesepoems.2).HowmanytypesofEnglishpoemsarementioned?Whatarethey?————————————————————————————2.Matchthemainideawitheachpoem.PoemA1.isadescriptionoftheuniquenessofamotherPoemB2.isadescriptionofalovelybrother.PoemC3.describeshowabutterflyrestsonatree.PoemD4.isanurseryrhymethatillustrateafather'sloveforhisbaby.PoemE5.isadescriptionoflifePoemF6.isatranslationofaTangpoetry,whichdescribesawomanwhowaitedforherbelovedhusbandtoebackfromajourney.3.Choosethebestanswer.1)Howisthetextorganized?A.Topic—Argument—ExplanationB.Opinion—Discussion—DescriptionC.Mainidea—parison—supportingexamplesD.Introduction—supportingexamplesconclusion2)Whatdoesthefirstpassagemainlytalkabout?A.ThedevelopmentofEnglishpoems.B.Thereasonsforwritingpoems.C.ThetypesofEnglishpoems.D.Theoriginofwritingpoems.3)Howmanyformsofpoemsdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.5B.2C.6D.44)Whydomanychildrenenjoynurseryrhymes?A.Becausetheyaretothepoint.B.Becausetheyarehavesstoryline.C.Becausetheyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.D.Becausetheyhavenotonlyastrongrhythmbutalsoarepetitioninwords.Step5Postreading:GrammarblanksTherearevariousreasons1.__________peoplewritepoetry.Somepoemsgivethereaderastrong2._________(impress).Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Inthistext,somesimplerformsofEnglishpoems3._________(introduce),such4._________nurseryrhymes，whichmayseem5.__________(contradict).Buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthand6._________(repeat)phrases.Studentscanalsowritethecinquain,aformofpoem7.________(make)upoffivelines.Haikuis8._________Japaneseformofpoetrywith17syllables.EnglishspeakersalsoenjoyTangpoetry.Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetry9.__________(choose)from，studentsmay10.______________(eventual)wanttowritepoemsoftheirown.重點(diǎn)詞匯:draman.戲劇dramaticadj.突然的，巨大的；引人注目的,讓人印象深的；戲劇的.dramaticallyadv戲劇性地；顯著地，劇烈地sorrow①(n.)悲傷，傷心事②(vi.)感到悲傷sorrowfuladj.悲傷的，傷心的toone’ssorrow令某人悲傷的是sorrowoversth為...而悲傷shareone’sjoysandsorrows同甘共苦eg.Muchtohersorrow,allherbelongings,includingthatvaluablevase,werestolenlastweek.Shewassorrowingoverthelossofherfriend.Hisfather’sfacelookedsoftandsorrowful.Asweallknow,ourlifeisfilledwithsorrowsandjoys.imagery(n.)意象；形象的描述；像eg.This

is

anambitious

film,

fullof

strikingimagery.

這是一部雄心勃勃的電影，充滿了震撼人心的意象。image(n.)形象；畫像；影像imagine(v.)想象；認(rèn)為imagination(n.)想象；想象力impact(n./v.)影響poeticimagery詩(shī)歌意象/意境literary(adj.)文學(xué)的；愛(ài)好文學(xué)的；有文學(xué)作品特征的literaturen.文學(xué)literaladj.字面上的，逐字的literallyadv.字面上，按字面(的意思)；真正地，確實(shí)地literacyn.識(shí)字;讀寫能力literateadj.有文化的；有讀寫能力的thegreatliteraryworksofthenineteenthcenturygreat

worksofliterature

文學(xué)巨著aliteraltranslation直譯（字面翻譯）freetranslation意譯eg.Thereareliterallyhundredsofprizestowin.

真的有好幾百份獎(jiǎng)品可以領(lǐng)呀。rhymen.押韻詞；押韻的短詩(shī)v.(使)押韻rhythmn.節(jié)奏；韻律；規(guī)律inrhyme押韻inrhythm有節(jié)奏的ArhymeswithBA和B押韻todancetotherhythmofthemusic

隨著音樂(lè)的節(jié)奏跳舞

apoemwritten

inrhyme

押韻的詩(shī)Hecan’tsinginrhythm.他唱歌沒(méi)有節(jié)奏。therhythmoftheseasons

四季的更迭nursery adj.幼兒教育的n.托兒所；保育室nurseryrhyme童謠；兒歌nursen.護(hù)士v.看護(hù)；照料→nursingn.看護(hù)；照料folkadj.民間的，民俗的，普通百姓的n.人們，大伙；親屬（尤其指父母）；百姓；民樂(lè)Theartist’sinspirationcamefromChinesefolktales.民間故事ordinaryworkingclassfolk普通勞動(dòng)大眾recite(vt.)背誦；朗誦→recitation/res??te??n/n.背誦；朗誦dawnn.黎明；開(kāi)端；萌芽vi.開(kāi)始；變得明朗，清晰atdawn在黎明atdusk在黃昏thedawnofcivilization文明的開(kāi)端Anewtechnologicalagehaddawned.

新技術(shù)時(shí)代已經(jīng)開(kāi)始。havebutterfliesinone’sstomach忐忑不安，心里七上八下amateurn.業(yè)余愛(ài)好者adj.非專業(yè)的，業(yè)余愛(ài)好的；不熟練的professionaladj.職業(yè)的;專業(yè)的n.專業(yè)人士;專家bemadeupof由……組成(構(gòu)成)＝consistof＝beposedofmakeup編造；組成；化妝；彌補(bǔ)makeupfor補(bǔ)償；彌補(bǔ)makeupwithsb.與某人和好=makepeacewithsb.makethemostof充分利用makeupone’smindtodo…下定決心eg.(1)Hemadeupsomeexcusesabouthisdaughterbeingsick.(2)Shedeterminedtoworktwiceashardasbeforetomakeupforthelosttime.(3)TheG8ismadeupofpoliticalleadersfromFrance,theUnitedStates,Britain,Germany,Japan,Italy,CanadaandRussia.(4)Ourschoolconsistsofsixtyclasses.13.moodn.情緒；心情；語(yǔ)氣→情緒不好的 moodyadj.beinagood/badmood心情好/不好beinthemoodforsth./todosth.有做某事的心情beinnomoodforsth./todosth.沒(méi)有做某事的心情14.respectiveadj.分別的，各自的respectivelyadv.respect(vt./n.)尊敬respectable體面的，值得尊敬的respectful恭敬的，表示尊敬的respected受人尊敬的blossomn.花朵，花簇vi.開(kāi)花beinblossom/flower開(kāi)花（表狀態(tài)）.delicate_adj.精美的，精致的，脆弱的delicacyn.嬌弱，精致，棘手，美味佳肴await(vt.)等待=waitforutter①(vt.)出聲；說(shuō)；講②(adj.)完全的，十足的，徹底的Tomyutteramazement,sheagreed.

令我大感意外的是，她同意了。Shedidnot

utteraword

duringlunch.

進(jìn)午餐時(shí)，她一言未發(fā)。19.coren.核心；精髓；（水果的）核兒；adj.核心的，最重要的；基礎(chǔ)的，必修的corebusiness核心業(yè)務(wù)corevalue核心價(jià)值atthecoreof在…的中心eg.Concernfortheenvironmentisatthecoreofourpolicies.對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注是我們政策的核心。20.blankadj．空白的；無(wú)圖畫（或韻律、裝飾）的；沒(méi)表情的n．空白；空格goblank變成空白eg.Shestaredatmewithablankexpressiononherface.她面無(wú)表情地/茫然地盯著我。21.civilian(n.)平民；老百姓civil/?s?v(?)l/(adj.)公民的;民事的;,禮貌的AmericanCivilWar美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)eg.HeisinchargeoftheciviliansideoftheUN.他在聯(lián)合國(guó)負(fù)責(zé)平民方面的事務(wù)。22.sympatheticadj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的sympathyn.同情；贊同；支持besympatheticto/towardssb./sth.對(duì)某人/物同情/贊同/支持feel/show/expresssympathyfor對(duì)某人感到/表現(xiàn)出/表達(dá)同情outofsympathy出于同情insympathywith同情...；贊成，支持...;相應(yīng)發(fā)生... eg.(1).Alltheworkerswentonstrikeinsympathywiththeseniorworkerswhohadbeenlaidoff.(2).Thewoodenbuildingfelloffinsympathywiththebigfire.(3).Mikeisasympatheticpersoninhisdailylife.(4).Sheisneversympatheticto/towardsotherswhentheyareintrouble.23.innocencen.天真；單純；無(wú)罪innocentadj.天真無(wú)邪的；無(wú)辜的；無(wú)惡意的n.無(wú)辜者；guiltn.內(nèi)疚；罪行g(shù)uiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的，有罪的eg.Thisnewevidencewillprovetheirinnocence(證明他們的清白).24.correspondencen．來(lái)往信件；通信聯(lián)系correspondentn.記者；通信者personal/privatecorrespondences私人來(lái)往信件keepupacorrespondencewithsb和某人保持通信聯(lián)系beincorrespondence(with...)(與某人)保持通信聯(lián)系/(與...)一致correspondvi.相一致，符合；相當(dāng)于；通信correspondwithsb與某人通信correspondwith/tosb/sth與……一致／類似eg.(1).Wehavebeenincorrespondenceformonths.我們已經(jīng)通信幾個(gè)月了。(2).Pleasekeepupcorrespondencewithmeandtellmeyourplanforthesummervacation.(3).Myopinionabouttheincidentcorrespondswith/toyours.Inotherwords,myopinionisconsistentwithyours.25.sowsowedsown/sowedv.播種；種;灌輸、散布(某個(gè)消息)；激起、煽動(dòng)(某種情感)sowseeds播種sowdoubtinsb.’smind使某人心懷疑慮sowconfusion制造混亂sowtheseedsof…播下...的種子；成為……的肇端26.dominantadj.首要的；占支配地位的；顯著的dominancen.優(yōu)勢(shì)；支配地位dominatev.控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢(shì)；在……中占主要地位eg.(1).MrSmithisadominantfigure/personinthispany.在這個(gè)公司史密斯是非常獨(dú)斷專行的人物。(2).Ofalltheapplicants,Lilyhasthedominantadvantagesoverothers.在所有的求職者中，李麗有著壓倒性的優(yōu)勢(shì)。(3).Frombeginningtoend,thematchwasdominatedbyourteam自始至終我們隊(duì)控制著比賽場(chǎng)上的主動(dòng)權(quán)。27.contestn．比賽；競(jìng)賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)vt.爭(zhēng)取贏得比賽、選舉等；爭(zhēng)辯contestantn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者；爭(zhēng)辯者acontestbetweenAandB在A與B之間的比賽/競(jìng)爭(zhēng)contestagainstsb.同某人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)contestforsth.為而比賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(1).Thisisacontestbetweentwoexcellentspeakers.這場(chǎng)演講比賽是兩個(gè)優(yōu)秀選手之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。(2).Thecontestforthegoldprizebegins.沖刺金獎(jiǎng)的比賽開(kāi)始了。(3).Thiswillbeaclosecontest.這場(chǎng)比賽將會(huì)是一場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的比賽。28.polishvt．①修改，潤(rùn)色；②拋光n．拋光；擦亮polishedadj.擦亮的；優(yōu)美的；嫻熟的YesterdayIhadmyshoespolished.昨天請(qǐng)人擦了一下我的鞋子(have+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。You’dbetterpolishtheletterbeforesendingittothemanager.29.stringvt.strungstrung①懸掛；②系n．弦;繩;線;串a(chǎn)dj．弦樂(lè)器的；線織的stringAonB把A系/掛在B上astringof一串；接二連三的eg.(1).Astringofmyviolinhasbroken,soI’llhavetoreplaceitwithanotherone.(2).Flagswerestrungoutalongtheroute./Theroutewasstrungwithflags.沿途懸掛著旗子。(3).Alotofflagsarestrungonthetrees.樹(shù)上掛著許多的旗幟.(4).Heexperiencedastringoffailuresinhislife.在他的人生中，他經(jīng)歷了接二連三的失敗。30.griefn．悲傷；悲痛；傷心事grievevt.&vi.使悲傷，使苦惱；悲痛，哀悼toone’sgrief令某人悲傷的是etogrief遭到不幸，遭遇失敗beoverewithgrief悲痛欲絕31.plicatedadj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的同義詞：plex→plicatev.使復(fù)雜化；使惡化；使卷入plicationn.復(fù)雜；復(fù)雜化；混亂32.variationn．變化；變體；變奏曲varyvi.&vt.(使)變化，(使)相異variousadj.各種各樣的；多方面的varietyn.不同種類；變化，多樣化varyfrom...to...在…到…的范圍內(nèi)變avarietyof/varietiesof各種各樣的eg.Unlikevocationalskillsthatvaryfrompersontoperson,everyonecanimprovetheirattitude.不同于因人而異的職業(yè)技能，每個(gè)人都可以改善他們的態(tài)度。33.racialadj.種族的，人種的racen民族；種族；賽跑；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)v.參與比賽raciallyadv.人種上；按人種racialismn.種族主義；種族歧視r(shí)acialistn.種族主義34.prejudicen．偏見(jiàn)v.使懷有（形成）偏見(jiàn)prejudicedadj.有偏見(jiàn)的；偏愛(ài)的；偏心的prejudiceagainst對(duì)…有偏見(jiàn)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:1.coren.；adj.2._________adj．空白的；沒(méi)表情的n．空白；空格3.civiliancivil/?s?v(?)l/4.adj.同情的；有同情心的；贊同的→n.同情；贊同；支持5.______________n.天真；單純；無(wú)罪_____________adj.天真無(wú)邪的；無(wú)辜的；無(wú)惡意的6.correspondencen．來(lái)往信件；通信聯(lián)系_________n.記者；通信者_(dá)____________vi.相一致，符合；相當(dāng)于；通信7.dominantadj.首要的；占支配地位的；顯著的____________n.優(yōu)勢(shì)；支配地位_____________v.控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢(shì)；在……中占主要地位8.contestn．/vt．比賽；競(jìng)賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)→_________n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者；爭(zhēng)辯者9.polishvt．①；②n．拋光；擦亮→adj.擦亮的；優(yōu)美的；嫻熟的10.stringvt.n．弦;繩;線;一串a(chǎn)dj．弦樂(lè)器的；線織的11.griefn．悲傷；悲痛；傷心事vt.&vi.使悲傷，使苦惱；悲痛，哀悼12.plicatedadj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的_____________v.使復(fù)雜化；使惡化；使卷入_____________n.復(fù)雜；復(fù)雜化；混亂13.variationn變體；變奏曲→vi.&vt.(使)變化，(使)相異_____________adj.各種各樣的；多方面的_____________n.不同種類；變化，多樣化14._________adj.種族的，人種的→n.__________民族；種族；賽跑_____________adv.人種上；按人種_____________n.種族主義；種族歧視_____________n.種族主義者15.n．偏見(jiàn)v.使懷有（形成）偏見(jiàn)→adj.prejudiced【學(xué)后反思】Afterlearningreflection_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LearningskillsreflectionLearningstrategyreflectionLearningstrategyreflection課高一英語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案Class：Group:Name:組內(nèi)評(píng)價(jià)：教師評(píng)價(jià)：SelectivepulsoryBook3Unit5PoemsType:LearningAboutLanguageLearningaims:Bytheendofthisunit,thestudentswillbeableto1.Reviewrelativeclauses.2.Identifythefunctionsofrelativeclauses.Difficultpoints:1.Tousethewordsandphrasesinthecontext.2.Tounderstandthestructureofapassage.【課前自主預(yù)學(xué)】Beforeclassselfpreview在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故又稱為形容詞性從句。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞與關(guān)系詞1.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞叫作先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞主要是指人、指物、指時(shí)間、指地點(diǎn)、指原因的名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以是整個(gè)主句。(湖南高考)Happinessandsuccessoftenetothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.幸福和成功經(jīng)常屬于那些善于認(rèn)識(shí)自己長(zhǎng)處的人。Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,whichcameasasurprise.愛(ài)麗絲收到了老板的邀請(qǐng)函，這著實(shí)是個(gè)意外。2.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞連接被修飾的先行詞和從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。⑴關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞在句中代替指人或事物的先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要與先行詞保持一致；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)可以省略。Hehasahouse.+Thehouseisbeautiful.→Hehasahousewhichisbeautiful.先行詞關(guān)系代詞他有一所漂亮的房子。Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.安杰拉和她的一家人在中國(guó)共同度過(guò)的確切年份是2008年。【which/that作賓語(yǔ)?！縏hegirlwhoisstandingunderthetreeismysister.站在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。Apanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)下降的公司會(huì)尋求到國(guó)外發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)?！緒hose作定語(yǔ)。】Doyouknowtheboy(whom/that)wemetatthegate?你認(rèn)識(shí)我們?cè)陂T口碰到的那個(gè)男孩嗎?【whom/that作賓語(yǔ)?！竣脐P(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞，并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。Ineverforgettheday.+Wefirstmetthen.→Ineverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet..先行詞關(guān)系副詞我不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那天。Iamlookingforwardtothedaywhen/onwhichmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.我一直期盼那一天,我的女兒能夠讀懂這本書并且知道我對(duì)她的情感。(福建高考)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivitieswhere/inwhichtheycangainexperienceforgrowth.學(xué)生應(yīng)該參與社區(qū)活動(dòng),在這些活動(dòng)中他們能獲取成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Tellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoucamelate.告訴我你來(lái)晚了的原因。Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.人們寫詩(shī)有各種各樣的理由。【課上研學(xué)】Inclassstudyandexploration一．關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞指代的對(duì)象及其作用關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象在從句中的作用who人作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whom人作賓語(yǔ)which事物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)that人或事物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或事物作定語(yǔ)as人或事物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)2.that的用法Thepersonthat/who/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichesafterspringissummer.3.which的用法Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakesputersisfarawayfromhere.4.who,whom的用法Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.Mr.Liuistheperson(whom/who)youtalkedaboutonthebus.Inourclassthereare46students,ofwhomhalfwearglasses.【提醒】先行詞為one,ones,anyone或those時(shí)，或雙重定語(yǔ)從句中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)是指人的關(guān)系代詞時(shí)用who。Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者。5.whose的用法Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.【拓展】用來(lái)指物時(shí)，“whose+名詞”可用“限定詞+名詞+of+which”或“of+which+限定詞+名詞”來(lái)代替。Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisours.=Thehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouthisours.=Thehouseofwhichthewindowsfacesouthisours.窗戶朝南的那所房子是我們的。6.as的用法⑴.as作關(guān)系代詞既可指人，也可指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。as一般用于“such…as”，“thesame…as”，“as…as”結(jié)構(gòu)中。He’snotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像看上去的那樣愚蠢。【作表語(yǔ)。】Heisnotsuchamanaswouldleavehisworkhalfdone.【作主語(yǔ)?！縔oumustshowmywifethesamerespectasyoushowme.【作賓語(yǔ)?！縒ehavehopedtogiveyouachancesuchas(=suchachanceas)nobodyelseeverhad.我們本希望給你一個(gè)別人從未有過(guò)的機(jī)會(huì)。⑵.as還可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，意為“正如”。Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttowmonths.正如報(bào)告中所表明的，城市空氣質(zhì)量在過(guò)去兩個(gè)月里已經(jīng)得到改善。7.只用that不用which的情況⑴當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代詞時(shí),或當(dāng)先行詞被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.沒(méi)有事情會(huì)阻止我們進(jìn)步。Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.我們應(yīng)該做一切對(duì)人民有用的事情。⑵當(dāng)先行詞前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.ThisistheverybookthatIwant.⑶當(dāng)先行詞由形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.Don’ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.⑷當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)，只能用that。Luxunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.⑸當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用that。ThisisabookthatIhavebeenlookingforsincelastweek.⑹當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，只能用that。Whichisthepicturethatyoudrewyesterday?你昨天畫的那張畫是哪一張？Whoisthemanthatisstandingunderthetree?站在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)男人是誰(shuí)？【提醒】在雙重定語(yǔ)從句中，如果一個(gè)從句用which引導(dǎo)，另一個(gè)從句用that引導(dǎo)。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.愛(ài)迪生建了一個(gè)工廠，這個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)的東西以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)?！揪渲杏袃蓚€(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)用which引導(dǎo)，第二個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)?！竣水?dāng)主句以here,there開(kāi)頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí)。Hereisthebookthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.這就是你一直找的那書。8.只用which不用that的情況⑴在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞只能用指物的which和指人的whom。ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.這是我們?nèi)ケ本┏俗幕疖?。⑵在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(即通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),若去掉整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá)完整意義的定語(yǔ)從句)中。ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.

《今日中國(guó)》吸引了世界范圍的讀者,這表明全世界越來(lái)越多的人想要了解中國(guó)。⑶先行詞本身是指示代詞that,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。What’sthatwhichsheislookingat?她正在看什么??？9.關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別⑴當(dāng)先行詞前面有so+adj.+a/such+(a)+adj./thesame等詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as，而不用which。Sheissoniceagirlaswealllike.Itissuchaninterestingbookasweallwanttoread.⑵在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，which既可作連系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)；而as只可作連系動(dòng)詞be的主語(yǔ)。Hemarriedher,which/aswasnatural.他和她結(jié)婚了，這是自然的事。Asissaidabove,hehasconqueredthedifficulty.正如上面所說(shuō)，他征服了困難。⑶當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放到主句的前面時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as，而不用which。Asisplanned,wegottherebeforeeight.=Wegottherebeforeeight,asisplanned.Hedidn’treceiveherletter,as/whichupsethim.【歸納】as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)，不能用which代替：asiswellknown/asweallknow眾所周知asissaidabove正如上面所說(shuō)asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那樣asisreported如報(bào)道所說(shuō)ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那樣asisexpected正如所料⑸當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面有介詞時(shí)，只能用which,而不可用as。Hehasanewputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandyuan.二．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”既能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which;先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom；關(guān)系代詞whose與所修飾的名詞也可一起位于介詞之后。Creatinganatmosphereinwhichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.創(chuàng)造一種員工們感覺(jué)自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)里的一份子的氛圍是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.他寫了很多本兒童讀物,其中將近一半于20世紀(jì)90年代出版。 【提醒】在介詞后面作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，如果省略了關(guān)系代詞，介詞必須放在定語(yǔ)從句的末尾。YouarenotthefirstIhavesaidnoto.2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定⑴根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確定介詞，其動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?【payfor】Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.【turntosb.forhelp】ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.【shakehandswithsb.】⑵根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)。ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegram