北京市海淀區(qū)高三上學期期中考試英語試題

海淀區(qū)2023—2024學年第一學期期中練習高三英語2023.11本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}紙上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago’s69thStreetstation.The20yearold,whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis____1____.Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe____2____movedthroughhisbody.“Helphim!”someonecried.“Please,someone!”Perrycouldn’tjuststandthereand____3____.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrifiedhequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahighkneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim’swrist.____5____,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthroughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.“Givehimchestpressions!”yelledanoldladyontheplatform.Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman’sheartuntilthevictimregained____7____.Then,firstaidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals____8____.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,____9____anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife.Tomany,Perry’s____10____deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingpassionoverpersonalsafety.1.A.manager B.client C.grandfather D.aunt2.A.current B.oxygen C.wave D.blood3.A.imagine B.watch C.shout D.record4.A.Hoping B.Assuming C.plaining D.Recalling5.A.Instantly B.Slightly C.Normally D.Surprisingly6.A.train B.crowds C.platform D.rails7.A.strength B.balance C.consciousness D.control8.A.lookahead B.takeover C.getaround D.keepaway9.A.providing B.engaging C.assisting D.crediting10.A.generous B.grateful C.courageous D.faithful【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.B5.A6.D7.C8.B9.D10.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AnthonyPerry在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者的英勇故事。1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：20歲的佩里在一家雜貨店上夜班，當時佩里正準備去看他的祖父。A.manager經(jīng)理；B.client客戶；C.grandfather祖父；D.aunt姑媽，伯母。根據(jù)后文“Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather’s.(電擊后心臟還在加速跳動，他爬上平臺，抓起東西，繼續(xù)向祖父的房間走去。)”可知，佩里正準備去看他的祖父。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當佩里和其他驚恐乘客看到時，電流流過他的身體，他無法控制地顫抖著。A.current氣流；電流；B.oxygen氧氣；C.wave海浪；大海；D.blood血。根據(jù)上句“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了:一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，掉到電軌上，電流會流過他的身體。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：佩里不只是站在那里看著。A.imagine想象；B.watch看；C.shout呼喊；D.record記錄。根據(jù)后句“Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.(他坐在月臺邊上，慢慢地坐下來)”可知，他準備營救這個人，并不是站在那里看著。故選B。【4題詳解】考動查詞詞義辨析。句意：他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去。A.Hoping希望；B.Assuming假設，認為；C.plaining抱怨；D.Recalling回憶。根據(jù)本句“hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他認為自己和受害者之間的鐵軌都通電了，所以他迅速向受害者撲去。故選B?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他立刻感到一陣強烈的電擊穿過他的身體。A.Instantly立刻地；B.Slightly輕微地；C.Normally通常，平常；D.Surprisingly驚人地，出乎意料地。根據(jù)上句“____4____allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim(他以為他和那人之間的鐵軌都通電了，于是迅速向受害者撲去)”可知，他立刻感到一陣強烈的電流穿過他的身體。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。A.train火車；B.crowds人群；C.platform平臺；D.rails鐵路。根據(jù)上文“Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!(在站臺上，不可思議的事情發(fā)生了：一個人從站臺邊緣掉到電軌上了!)”可知，受害者掉到了鐵軌上，他將受害者的身體從鐵軌上移開。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但他在那個人的心臟上按壓了一會兒，直到受害者恢復了意識。A.strength體力；B.balance平衡；C.consciousness意識；D.control控制，掌管。根據(jù)本句“heworkedontheman’sheart(他對受害者進行胸部按壓)”可知，受害者失去了意識，所以進行胸部按壓。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：佩里讓專業(yè)人士接手。A.lookahead向前看；B.takeover接管；C.getaround規(guī)避，逃避；D.keepaway遠離，避開。根據(jù)上句“Then,firstaidersarrived(隨后，急救人員趕到了)”可知，急救人員趕到后，佩里他們接手。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：晚間新聞報道了這一事件，并稱贊一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命。A.providing提供；B.engaging參加；C.assisting幫助；D.crediting贊揚。根據(jù)本句“anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim’slife(一位無名英雄挽救了受害者的生命)”可知，英勇救人的事跡是值得贊揚的，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對許多人來說，佩里的勇敢事跡表明了選擇同情而非個人安全的力量。A.generous慷慨的；B.grateful感謝的，感激的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.faithful忠實的，忠誠的。根據(jù)上文“Butthethirdtimeheseizedtheman’swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy’sbodyawayfromthe____6____.(但第三次，他抓住了那個人的手腕和前臂，并設法將他的身體從鐵軌上移開。)”可知，佩里在火車站不顧個人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在鐵軌上的受害者。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerinthe____11____(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyoucandownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme____12____(explore)oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI____13____(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihadnevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.【答案】11.nicely12.toexplore13.hadspent【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是密歇根的大自然鼓勵作者探索大自然的故事?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：對我來說，大自然就是在修剪整齊的草地上踢幾分鐘足球。空格處用副詞nicely修飾動詞cut，nicely意為“漂亮地”，故填nicely。【12題詳解】考查不定式。句意：這些經(jīng)歷鼓勵我去探索與自然聯(lián)系的一種原始形式：露營。encouragesb.todo是固定短語，意為“鼓勵某人做某事”，因此空格處用不定式toexplore，故填toexplore?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：雖然我花了很多時間在戶外，但我從來沒有露營過，也沒有體驗過大自然所提供的一切。由Ihadnevercampedorexperienced可知，空格處表示過去的過去發(fā)生的事情，所以空格處時態(tài)是過去完成時，因此空格處是hadspent。故填hadspent。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He____14____(bine)thestrengthofironforthehandleswithauniqueswordmakingtechnique.____15____heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,____16____(make)dailytaskseasier.Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakepany.【答案】14.bined15.By##Through16.making【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了明朝時期張思佳改良了剪刀?！?4題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他將鐵制劍柄的優(yōu)點與獨特的制劍技術結合在一起。根據(jù)前句中的“InMingDynasty”和上下文時態(tài)可知，這里講述的是過去的事情，應用一般過去時。故填bined?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：通過加熱和用鋼錘擊邊緣，他創(chuàng)造出了非常堅固和鋒利的刀片，這使日常任務變得更容易。根據(jù)空后的“heatingandhammeringtheedgeswithsteel”可知，這里表示方式，應用介詞by或者through。置于句首，首字母大寫。故填By/Through?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意參考上題。分析句子結構，空處應用非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意，他創(chuàng)造出了非常堅固和鋒利的刀片，這讓人們更容易作日程工作，這里表示自然而然的結果，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填making。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D____17____(print)artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevicewhichisonlyafewsquaremillimetresinsize,____18____(use)inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthebody.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid(心臟類器官),____19____willworkwiththeartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate____20____(investigate)intoheartdiseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.【答案】17.printed18.uses19.which20.investigations【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了五家比利時公司計劃將一顆3D打印的人造心臟送入太空。【17題詳解】考查名詞。句意：五家比利時公司計劃在2025年前向國際空間站發(fā)射一顆3D打印的人造心臟，以更好地了解太空中衰老和心臟病的影響。print和空后的artificialheart之間是動賓關系，所以應用過去分詞，作定語。故填printed?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該設備只有幾平方毫米大小，使用的墨水由干細胞和生物材料組成，可以發(fā)育成體內(nèi)的任何細胞。根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)和句意可知，這里陳述的是現(xiàn)實情況，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。且主語Thedevice為單數(shù)，所以謂語應用單數(shù)。故填uses?！?9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這些細胞將自己組織成一個發(fā)育中的心臟類器官，它將與人工循環(huán)系統(tǒng)協(xié)同工作。分析句子結構，空處引導一個非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞adevelopingcardiacorganoid，指物，且在從句中作主語，所以應用which引導。故填which。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這項創(chuàng)新技術將有助于對心臟病的調查和一些潛在藥物的試驗。空處應用名詞，和and后的trials一起作賓語。investigation意為“調查”，在這里為可數(shù)名詞，且空前沒有表示數(shù)量的限定詞修飾，這里應用名詞復數(shù)。故填investigations。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A#1Author:LeisaSharpePrice:￡14.99Release:Jun.13,2023HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverestThisisn’tyourtypicalchildren’sbooknorisitanighttimeread:it’sanactionpackedadventurearoundtheworld.Youngadventurerswillstepintothefootprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.Thisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld’smostfascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonotherplanets.#2Author:ZKidsPrice:￡9.99Release:Sep.25,2023TheUltimateRiddleGameForKidsForreadersbetweentheagesof9and12,thisfunriddlebookbineslogicchallenges,petitivecontestsandbraintraining.Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssectionrequiresmentalarithmetic(算術),andforthestoriessectionyouwillneedtodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.Buttrynottocheat.Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.#3Author:KimZachmanPrice:￡12.99Release:Dec.15,2023There’sNoCreamInCreamSodaTheonlydrinkhumansneediswater,butthebeverageindustryisgrowinglargereveryyear.Thisbookexploresthehistoryoftheinventionofdrinks,beginningthousandsofyearsago,whenhumansfirstaddednaturalflavouringstotheirwaterasitboiledoverthefire.Itshumorousandconversationalnarrativemeansthatyoudon’tknowwhatwillenext.Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikelyoriginstoriesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinateeverykid.21.ThebookHowDoesChocolateTasteonEveresthelpsreaders________.A.enjoynightreadingtimeB.knoworiginstoriesofchocolateC.identifyhabitatsofsomeanimalsD.exploreplaceswithsensesasguides22.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.thethreebooksareavailablebyOctoberB.readersneedcalculationskillsforBook#2C.Book#3teachesreadershowtomakedrinksD.Book#1hasapriceadvantageovertheothers23.Thepassageisintendedto________.A.introducesomebooksonlearningsecretsB.remendsomepicturebookstoparentsC.encouragereaderstopurchasethesebooksD.sharesometipsonchoosingsuitablebooks【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹的是三本書的優(yōu)點?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverest部分的“Youngadventurerswillstepintothefootprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.(年輕的冒險家將踏上最偉大探險家的足跡，用他們的感官作為他們的向導。)”可知，HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverest可以幫助讀者以感官為向導探索地方，故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheUltimateRiddleGameForKids部分的“Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssectionrequiresmentalarithmetic(算術),andforthestoriessectionyouwillneedtodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.(第一部分由簡短的謎語組成，數(shù)學部分需要心算，而故事部分需要你發(fā)現(xiàn)所有可能隱藏的含義。)”可知，第二本書的讀者需要計算技巧。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一本書介紹中的“Thisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld’smostfascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonotherplanets.(這本書讓年輕的讀者沉浸在世界上最迷人的棲息地、國家和大陸，以及其他星球上的生活中。)”，第二本書介紹中的“Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.(隨著章節(jié)變得更有挑戰(zhàn)性，這本書也會變得更有價值。當你開始了解解決每種謎語類型的最佳方法時，你的信心、適應力和得分可能會增長。)”和第三本書的“Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikelyoriginstoriesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinateeverykid.(從核心的科學過程到一些不太可能的蘇打水的起源故事，這本書肯定會有一個讓每個孩子著迷的故事。)”可知這篇文章主要介紹了三本書的優(yōu)點，因此目的是鼓勵讀者購買這些書。故選C。BIwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic(義肢)device,adecisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthestaresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,Ihadnoselfconfidence,andthehandIwaswearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn’tneedanyonetofixme.ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.IwasselectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen’sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryforeightyears.IrealizedI’dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.Itaughtmyselfhowtobefortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021byCovvi,apanytryingtocreatetheworld’smostadvancedbionic(仿生的)hand,Iwasabitsurprised.Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobeeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthebetterofme.WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheirenvironmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,Idecidedtotrialthehand.Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause________.A.shewaslongingforfame B.sportsgaveherselfconfidenceC.shewantedtodefeatherdisability D.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned________.A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimitsB.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironmentC.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunitiesD.technologyshiftedpeople’sattitudestodisability26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Intelligentandbrave.B.Warmheartedandpatient.C.Responsibleandstrongwilled.D.Independentandinnovative.27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould________.A.maximizeone’sabilitiesbyembracingrealityB.buildone’ssocialcirclewithoptimismC.sticktoone’sgoaltoachievesuccessD.takeiteasyindifficultsituations【答案】24.C25.D26.C27.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從小身患殘疾，失去左臂，但是并不氣餒，參加運動證明自己并不受到殘疾的限制并幫助他人的故事?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(為了證明我沒有受到殘疾的限制，我開始熱愛所有的運動，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者愛上了所有的運動，因為她想戰(zhàn)勝自己的殘疾。故選C。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“l(fā)ikeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.(比如艾米·珀迪（AmyPurdy）和尼克·胡哲（NickVujicic），他們利用科技和社交媒體的力量，不加解釋地展示了輪椅或假肢。人們不再那么害怕殘疾。社會開始把一個人放在第一位，把他的殘疾放在第二位。)”可知，人們不再那么害怕殘疾。社會開始把一個人放在第一位，把他的殘疾放在第二位，即科技改變了人們對殘疾的態(tài)度。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ToprovethatIwasn’tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.(為了證明我沒有受到殘疾的限制，我開始熱愛所有的運動，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者意志堅定，想通過運動戰(zhàn)勝自己的殘疾；根據(jù)文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通過分享我的歷程，我能夠接觸到成千上萬的其他人，他們將從它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，作者分享自己的歷程是想幫助他人，讓他人從中受益，作者是一名有責任心的人。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Throughsharingmyjourney,I’mabletoreachthousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That’swhyIwearabionichand—notbecauseI’mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.(通過分享我的歷程，我能夠接觸到成千上萬的其他人，他們將從它的非凡能力中受益。這就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因為我壞了，而是因為我有機會增強人類已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是為了增強人類已有的能力，即我們應該擁抱現(xiàn)實，最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的能力。故選A。CDemandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourselfcontrol.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshorttermtemptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses(沖動).Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposedthatwillpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofselfcontrol,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainselfcontrol.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”.In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof“egodepletion”theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople’sunderlyingbeliefs.Inthestudy,Jobdividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“l(fā)imited”viewofwillpowerandthosewitha“nonlimited”viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandardlaboratorytestsexaminingmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewithalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenonlimitedindividualsdidnot,whichindicatedthatpeople’sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeselffulfillingprophecies(預言).Thosewhobelievedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirselfcontroldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina(耐力)”experiencednoegodepletion.Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob’sworkdemonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreallifeoutes.Herfollowupstudyrevealedthatafterpletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnonlimitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.Ifyoualreadyhaveanonlimitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforselfsatisfaction.Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.Sharingthisknowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnonlimitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallselfcontroltests.Asyourealizeyourwillpower’sgrowth,you’llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.Whileimmediatemiraclesaren’tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedselfcontrol,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.28.“Egodepletion”theoryshowsthatwillpower________.A.helpscontrolourimpulses B.reducesafterexercisingselfcontrolC.isatestofyourcharacter D.islikeachargeablebattery29.WhatcanwelearnfromJob’stwostudies?A.Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.B.Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.C.Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.D.Thechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone’smindset.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnonlimitedmindsets?A.Picturingyouridealuniversity.B.DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV.C.Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.D.Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.【答案】28.B29.D30.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“自我損耗”這一理論受到質疑，并介紹了一些建立意志力不受限制的心態(tài)的方法?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Witheachexerciseofselfcontrol,youexhaustedthisresource.Withoutachancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainselfcontrol.Thisprocesswasknownas“egodepletion”.(每一次自我控制的練習，你都使這些資源筋疲力盡。在沒有恢復的機會的情況下，這種資源就會耗盡，更難保持自制力。這個過程被稱為“自我耗竭”)”可知，“自我耗竭”理論表明意志力會在進行自我控制后減少。故選B?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段第1句“ In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof“egodepletion”theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople’sunderlyingbeliefs.(然而，在2010年，心理學家維羅妮卡·約伯(VeronikaJob)發(fā)表了一項研究，對“自我枯竭”理論的基礎提出了質疑，并提出了一些有趣的證據(jù)，證明自我枯竭取決于人們的潛在信念。）”可知，Job的研究成果表明“自我消耗”取決于人們的根本信念。之后介紹對兩組參與者的研究內(nèi)容，通過標準化實驗室測試他們的精神集中度（依賴于意志力儲備），然后該段最后“ Thestudyfoundthatpeoplewithalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenonlimitedindividualsdidnot,whichindicatedthatpeople’sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeselffulfillingprophecies(預言).Thosewhobelievedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirselfcontroldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina(耐力)”experiencednoegodepletion.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有有限心態(tài)的人的表現(xiàn)往往與自我耗盡理論所預測的完全一致，而非有限心態(tài)的人則不然，這表明人們對意志力的信念可能是自我實現(xiàn)的預言。那些相信意志力很容易耗盡的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的自我控制能力下降了，而那些相信“精神耐力”的人沒有經(jīng)歷自我消耗。)”給出了研究結果：那些思維受限的人的表現(xiàn)和自我消耗理論所預言的相吻合，而思維不受限制的人并沒有出現(xiàn)自我消耗。而第3段的“Herfollowupstudyrevealedthatafterpletingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnonlimitedmindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.(她的后續(xù)研究顯示，在完成高要求的任務后，大多數(shù)參與者在一夜之間都有一定程度的恢復，但那些心態(tài)不受限制的人實際上在第二天的工作效率有所提高，就好像被額外的壓力所激勵一樣。)”給出了后續(xù)實驗，在完成了許多高要求任務之后，大部分參與者通過一夜只能夠恢復到一定程度，而那些思維不受限的人在第二天的效率卻有所提高，仿佛像被額外的壓力激勵一樣。綜合上面內(nèi)容，可以知道精神集中（與自我損耗關聯(lián)）依賴于人的思維方式。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople’sbeliefstowardnonlimitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentalstamina.(此外，回憶起從事費力但愉快的任務的時光，會自然地將人們的信念轉向非限制的心態(tài)，因為他們看到了自己精神耐力的證明)”可知，回憶起從事費力但愉快的任務的時光可以幫助建立不受限制的心態(tài)，推斷回憶起掌握了一首富有挑戰(zhàn)性的鋼琴曲是有幫助的。故選D。DClimateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimatechangeortryingtopreventit.DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseemsunavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinducelargechangesintheclimate.DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.OuremissionscandropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lowergrowthmeansitismorefeasible(可行的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitlessenvironmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthanwehadanticipated.TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobalwarmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulatedcouldbeeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhighdensityhumanhabitationwouldbeemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobeemorevolatile—includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewillingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishundertoday’sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?A.Thegovernment. B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost. D.Theactivists.32.Theunderlinedword“volatile”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.changeable B.predictable C.bearable D.noticeable33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat__________.A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople’sadaptabilityB.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatternsC.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivitiesD.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.【答案】31.A32.A33.D34.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了目前關于如何應對氣候變化有兩種不同觀點——適應氣候變化或者阻止氣候變化，但作者認為適應氣候變化是可行的和必要的?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2段的“DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarthnowappearscertaintoheatup.(大衛(wèi)·弗羅斯特(DavidFrost)認為，考慮到地球現(xiàn)在似乎肯定會變暖的程度，阻止氣候變化不再是一種選擇。)

”可以判斷Frost是支持適應氣候變化的，根據(jù)第4段“TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthatadaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentireextinctionofthehumanrace.(英國當局發(fā)現(xiàn)，有關適應氣候變化的辯論很困難。部分原因是一些活動人士聲稱適應氣候變化是不可行的。他們說，氣候變化將終結人類文明，有可能導致整個人類滅絕。)”可知英國當局對關于適應論的爭論犯了難，即不知道該支持哪邊，對是否去適應氣候變化存疑。故選A?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段破折號后的“includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents(包括暴風雨、洪水和其他天氣事件的頻率增加)”可知，風暴、洪水和其他天氣事件發(fā)生的頻率增加，由此可推測出，氣候和天氣可能變得更加多變。volatile意為“易變的”，與changeable意思最接近。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Theissueisnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpracticalterms.(問題不在于適應在技術上是否可行，而在于從道德或實踐角度來看是否可取。)”可知，從技術上來說適應氣候變化是可行的，但問題是從道德或實踐角度來看適應氣候變化是否可取。接下來“Arewewil