大學(xué)英語精讀1筆記（57課）

Lesson5

1.miserable:a.悲慘的，可憐的

同義詞：unhappy,wretched

反義詞：comfortable

派生詞：misery:n.痛苦，苦難miserably:ad.

后綴-able構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“具有…的”；“能…的”,例如：

eatable可食用的

drinkable可飲用的

reasonable通情達(dá)理的

sensible可感覺的

2.merrya.愉快的

同義詞：happy,cheerful

習(xí)慣用于：MerryChristmas!

3.pony:小馬

（歸類記憶法）horse:mare母馬

donkey驢子

stallion公馬

mule騾子

pony小馬

Christmaswascoming,這句用的是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，但表達(dá)的是將來時(shí)間，意思是“圣誕節(jié)快到

了o"go,come,

leave,land（著陸）,takeoff（起飛），start,arrive等詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。

如：Theplaneistakingoffinfiveminutes.

HeisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.

makesure:actsoastomakesomethingcertain確保；查明

如:Fathermakessurethatalllightsareoffbeforehegoestobed.父母睡覺前都要檢查是否所有的

燈都關(guān)了。''

Makesurethatyouhaven'tforgottentopackeverythingyou'relikelytoneed.

Ithinkthepartybeginsat6:00,butIllphonetomakesure（確認(rèn)）.

Helookedbehindhimtomakesurethathewasnotbeingfollowed.

比較besuretodosth./that:becertaintodosth./that

Besuretowaittomeassoonasyougetthere.你一到那里就一定給我寫信。

Besurethatyougivetheorderforbreadtothebaker.你一定要把面包訂單交給面包師。

Nothingbut:only;nothingexcept除了…什么也沒有

如:Theycoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctortoarrive.

Nothingbutamiracle（奇跡）cansavehim.

Amyusedtodrinknothingbutcoffee.

Sheisconcernedaboutnothingbutmoney.她只關(guān)心錢。

Icoulddonothingbutstandingtherewaiting.除了站在那兒等，我什么都不能干。

Ididwantboots,butIstucktothepony.句中的did（do加動(dòng)詞原形表示強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣，"確實(shí)想要）

stickto:refusetogiveuporchange堅(jiān)持（意見，看法，主張），不放棄

如：sticktoonespromise/plans

rilsticktothistaskuntilitiscompleted.

Thisfellowneverstickstoanythingforverylong.

Theydecidedtosticktotheirpreviousplan.他們決定堅(jiān)持原先的計(jì)劃。

Ifyousticktothetruth,youhavenothingtofear.如果你堅(jiān)持真理，你就沒什么可害怕的。

Tomalwaysstickstohisbossnomatterwhathappens.無論發(fā)生什么事情，湯姆始終對(duì)老板忠心耿

耿。

"stickto”與“insiston”,"holdon”比較

insistonsomething/doingsomething:firmlyasktodosomethingandrefusetogivein堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，

堅(jiān)決要求「

Heinsistedonhisinnocence.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己無罪。

Iinsistonyourtakingimmediateactiontoputthingsright.

Iinsistthatyoutakeimmediateactiontoputthingsright.

我堅(jiān)持要求你立即采取行動(dòng)把事情處理好。

holdon:堅(jiān)持下去，堅(jiān)持住(不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接賓語)

Theymanagedtoholdonuntilhelparrived.

他們?cè)O(shè)法堅(jiān)持住，直到救援到來。

Idon'tthinkIcanholdonmuchlonger.

我覺得自己堅(jiān)持不了多長時(shí)間了。

Thereoughttobesomethingtofillyourstockingwith,...句中的tofill...with部分是動(dòng)詞不定式

作定語修飾something,因?yàn)樵摬欢ㄊ脚c前面的名詞呈動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，介詞with不能省略。如：

Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.

Heisagoodcolleaguetoworkwith.

Theydohopetheycanfindsomeexperiencedteacherstorelyonforhelp.

Giveussomethingtoopenthecanwith.給我開罐頭的東西。

It'saboringplacetolivein.住在這兒令人討厭。

oughtto:應(yīng)該，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示責(zé)任和勸告，有時(shí)可用should替換，但比should語氣重些。

Yououghttodoasyouaretold.要你干什么你就干什么。

Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed.不應(yīng)該允許做這樣的事情。

candy美國用法sweet英國用法

SantaClauscantputaponyintoastocking.在西方過圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，大人告訴孩子們圣誕老人會(huì)帶

來他們想要的禮物。圣誕節(jié)前夕，圣誕老人(SantaClause)從煙囪里爬下來，把禮物放進(jìn)掛在

孩子床邊的長筒襪里。

故文章的下文提至U了hecouldn'tleadaponydownthechimneyeither.

有關(guān)圣誕節(jié)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣學(xué)生可以閱讀課后練習(xí)ReadingActivity中的文章AnEnglish

Christmas.

FatherChristmas是英國用法

eve:n.前夕，前夜NewYeafsEve除夕

ChristmasEve圣誕節(jié)前夜

Ithunglimp...

limp在句中是形容詞，做主語補(bǔ)足語，描述的是it（襪子）的狀態(tài)，“soft,軟的，松沓的”。

類似的表達(dá)方式有：

Shestoodthere,calmandquiet.

Thevalley（山谷）laypeacefulinthesun.

Thesunrisesred.太陽升起來了，火紅的。

Theyoungmansatsilentinthecorner.那年輕人坐在角落里，一言不發(fā)。

limp:adj.軟的，柔軟的

vi.跛行同義詞：lame,cripple

hangup:placeonahookorhanger（掛鉤）

Therearesomehangersintheclosetonwhichtohangupyourclothes.

壁櫥里有一些衣架可以掛你的衣服。

Wehungupamapoftheworldinourstudy.

我們?cè)跁坷飹炝艘粡埵澜绲貓D。

fireplace:n.壁爐（復(fù)合名詞）

類似與fire有關(guān)的復(fù)合名詞：firearm槍械,firework焰火,fire-alarm火警,fireman消防隊(duì)員,

firewood木柴

mixed-up:a.混合的，混雜的

由動(dòng)詞短語mixup構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)。類似的有：

grown-up:a.成熟的，成年人的

broken-down:a.壞的

Mysistershadkneltdown,eachbyherpileofgift...句中逗號(hào)后面的部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

...tilltheylookedupandsawmestandingtherelookingsomiserable.句中的standingthere是現(xiàn)

在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，lookingsomiserable是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，修飾standingthere。

kneel:v.跪下

同義詞：getdownontheknees

詞形相似：kneen.膝蓋

習(xí)慣搭配：kneeldown跪下

Shewentintothechurch,kneltdownandbegantopray.她進(jìn)了教堂，跪下來開始禱告。

Thathelpedsome.

"that”指前面提至U的crying。some在這里不是代詞，是副詞，相當(dāng)于somewhat,“多少有些，

有點(diǎn)”。這句話的意思是：那起了點(diǎn)作用。

如：Themedicinehelpedsome.

Pmfeelingsomebettertoday.我感覺好了些。

indignant:a.憤怒的

同義詞：angry,furious

beindignantwithsomebody對(duì)某人感到憤慨

beindignantat/about/oversomething對(duì)某事感到憤慨

Shebecamemoreandmoreindignantwiththemovertheirconduct.她對(duì)他們的所作所為越來越憤

慨。」

Residentsintheareaareindignantaboutthehighrents.該地的居民對(duì)于高昂的租金表示氣憤。

Hewasindignantatbeingunfairlydismissed.他被不公平地解雇了，對(duì)此他很氣憤。

1....thecryingover,Iached.

句中逗號(hào)前面的部分是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作時(shí)間狀語。

stable:n.馬廄歸類

bam:牲口棚

pigsty:豬圈

henhouse:雞舍

adj.穩(wěn)定的

同義詞：steady

反義詞：unstable

astablegovernment穩(wěn)定的政府

astablecharacter堅(jiān)定的性格

weep:v.哭泣，流淚同義詞：cry

weepfor/over為…而流淚，為…哀傷

weepforjoy喜極而泣

Themotherweptoverthedeathofherchild.這位母親為孩子之死而哭泣。

Sheisalwaysweepingoverherlostyouth.

她總是為自己青春而逝而去哀傷。

cry,weep,sob辨析：

cry:哭，一般用語，多指發(fā)出聲音的哭。

Iheardababycryatthenextdoorlastnight.weep:哭泣，指無聲地流淚

Thesightmademewanttoweep.

sob:啜泣，抽泣，多指小聲的哭或嗚咽

Thereisalittlegirlsobbinginthecorner.

Iwaswronged,Iwashurt.

兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，hurt是過去分詞。

wrong:vt.treatunfairly,dowrongto委屈，冤枉

a.錯(cuò)誤的，有毛病的

n.壞事，錯(cuò)誤

如：Sheforgave(寬恕)thosewhohadwrongedher.她原諒了那些曾不公正地對(duì)待她的人。

Shehaswrongednomanbywordordeedinallherlife.她一生為人公正，言行沒有使任何人受到

委屈。?

習(xí)慣表達(dá)：

(1)inthewrong錯(cuò)了，理虧

Whichofthetwodriverswasinthewrong?兩個(gè)司機(jī)中，哪一個(gè)還負(fù)責(zé)？

(2)sth.iswrongwith...出毛病(故障)

Whatiswrongwithyourwatch?你的表出了什么故障？

(3)gowrong出錯(cuò)，不對(duì)勁

Afterfiveyears,theirmarriagesuddenlywentwrong.五年后，他們的婚姻突然破裂了。

Hewaswatchingmeorsomethingforanhourortwo,drawingbackthecurtainsolittlelestIcatch

him...

句中從drawing到him部分是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其中l(wèi)est到him部分又是目的狀語從句。lest

的意思是“唯恐solittlelest…相當(dāng)于solittlethat...not...,lest后面的從句謂語用“(should+)

動(dòng)詞原形”形式的虛似語氣。

Lest:forfearthat唯恐；引導(dǎo)狀語從句用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形

如：Thechildrenkeptquietlestthey(should)wakeuptheirmother.

Healwaysdoeswhatevershetellshimtodolestshe(should)beangry.

IwrotedownthedateofherbirthdaylestI(should)forgetit.我把她的生日記下來，免得忘了。

Heranawaylestheshouldbeseen.他逃跑了，唯恐有人看見他。

orsomething:orsomethingsimilar諸如此類。該詞組用來表示說話者表明自己對(duì)所說的話沒有

多大把握。如：

Hisfatherisawell-knownartistorsomething.

Areyousickorsomething?

Ithinkheleftbecausehehadlosthisjoborsomething.

我認(rèn)為他離開了是因?yàn)閬G了工作或類似的原因。

HernameisMaryorMargaretorsomething.她叫瑪麗或者叫瑪格麗特什么的。

impatience:n.不耐煩，急躁

patience:n.耐心，忍耐

impatient:a.急躁的

patient:a.耐心的n.病人

前綴im?加在以p,m,b開頭的詞前面，表示“否定”。

如：

impolite:a.不禮貌的impossible:a.不可能的

immoral:a.不道德的impure:a.不純的，摻假的

impatient（a.）的習(xí)慣用語：

beimpatientforsomething/todosomething急不可耐地做

I'mimpatienttoseeournewboss.

Theboywasimpatientfortheresultofhisexamination.

beimpatientof不能忍受的

Motherwasimpatientofbadmanners.

...Icaughtsightofamanridingaponydownthestreet,aponyandabrand-newsaddle;themost

beautifulsaddleIeversaw...

句中riding到street部分是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語，Ieversaw是定語從句，修飾前面的

saddle.

catchsightof:see（especiallysuddenlyorbriefly）

如：IturnedroundandcaughtsightofHelengettingintoataxi.

Aswedrovebytheharbor（港口），wecaughtsightofalargesteamship（輪船）。

brand-new:（名詞+形容詞）completelyandunused嶄新的；

如：abrand-newmachine/car.

類似方法構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞：

carefree無憂無慮的，snow-white白雪的，

lifelong終生的，worldwide全球的

ForsuchahorseasthatIwouldhavegivenanything.

該句的正常句序應(yīng)該是：Iwouldhavegivenanythingforsuchahorseasthat.

句子用的是一般過去時(shí)的虛擬語氣。介詞for相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句，表示隱含虛擬

條件，以前還學(xué)有with,without等。

Itwouldbefoolishforyoutobehavelikethis.

Wewouldneverhavereachedtheshorewithoutthatboat.

such...as:ofthesamekind像樣的，

如：Thisshopsellssuchthingsascoffeebeansandbiscuits.

Suchpeopleashimshouldn'tbeallowedin.

drawnear:comenear臨近，接近

Winterisdrawingnear.

Nightdrewnear.

...asmyhopes-myimpossiblehopes-rose,helookedatourdoorandpassedby…句中的

as引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，“正當(dāng)…時(shí)候”，

如：Sheweptbitterlyasshetoldherstory.

Writeitdownasanideastrikesyou.

passby:gopast經(jīng)過，過去；(時(shí)間的)流逝

Timeseemstopassbysoslowlywhenyouareinschool.

Someonepassingbyaskedmethewaytotheairport.

breakinto:suddenlystart(tocry,laugh,etc.)突然...起來

breakintotears(laughter,cheers,rage,etc.)

Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.

比較：breakinto:enterbyforce;interrupt闖入；打斷

Thethievesplannedtobreakintoabank.

Hebrokesuddenlyintoourtalk.

Say,kid,itsaid,doyouknowaboynamedLennieSteffens?

句中的say不是表示“說”的意思，而是打招呼的一種方式，相當(dāng)于“嘿”。如：

Say,doyouhaveamatch?

Say,listentome.

I'vebeenlookingalloverforyouandyourhouse.該句用的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，該時(shí)

態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于它強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù)不斷。

如：Hehasbeenwaitingoutsideforthreehours.

Mr.Smithhasbeenwaitingoutsideforthreehours.

Mr.Smithhasbeenplanningtolearn.

Wearetiredforwehavebeenworkingthewholeday.

allover:ineverypart;everywhere至！J處

IhavetraveledalloverEuropemanytimesinmylife.

Whydon'tyouputyournumberwhereitcanbeseen?

句中從where到句末是地點(diǎn)狀語從句。

Hewentonsayingsomethingabout“oughttohavegothereatseveno'clock,but—句中

oughtto是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”，后面接了完成式。文章中還出現(xiàn)了另外

兩個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接完成式情況：Andmyfathermusthavebeenhurt,too,alittle.和A

grown-upcouldhardlyhavestoodit,均對(duì)過時(shí)間發(fā)生的事發(fā)表看法。

oughttohavedonesomething.表示“應(yīng)該干某事“，而實(shí)際上并沒有干，否定式ought

oughtnottohavedonesomething,表示“不該干某事”，而實(shí)際上卻干了。

如：Heoughttohaveseenadoctorabouthisheadachetwoweeksago.

Shewassounhappy.Yououghtnottohavehurtherfeelings.

musthavedonesomething.表示“某人肯定干了某事

如：Thehouseisdark.TheBrownsmusthavegonetobed.

TheclothesmusthavebeenwashedbyMary.

could/canhavedonesomething.表示“本來可以干某事”，實(shí)際上未干。

如：Herhusbandcouldhavehelpedher,buthedidnotchooseto.

Icouldhavelentyouthemoney.Whydidn'tyouaskme?

goondoingsth.:不斷地繼續(xù)干某事

goontodosth.:干完一件事之后繼續(xù)干另一件事

Hewentontalkingeventhoughnoonewaslistening.

Aftertheclassmeetingshewentontotellusherstudyandlifeabroad.

Therewasthefamily,father,mother,sisters,allworkingforme,allhappy.

該句是個(gè)倒裝句，正常的句序是Thefamilywasthere,…其中allworkingforme,all

happy是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語；

thrill:vt.excite,使…興奮，激動(dòng)

n.令人激動(dòng)的事

thriller:n.使毛骨悚然的人、事物，恐怖小說

trot:vi.（馬）小跑；（人）快步跑

Theyhadbeenputtinginplacethetoolsofmynewbusiness:...everything.

句子的賓語部分thetoolsofmynewbusiness:...過長，被置后，正常的句序是Theyhad

beenputtingthetoolsofmynewbusiness:...everythinginplace.put...inplace:put...in

therightplace把…放在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?/p>

inplace:intherightplace;suitable在合適的位置；適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

outofplace:不適當(dāng)?shù)模粬|西放置不當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

inone'splace:insteadofsomebody替代

Assoonasallthechairsareinplace,wecanlettheaudiencein.

Ithinkanexpressionofthankstoourhostwouldbeinplace.

Thebosswasbusysohissecretarywentinhisplace.

ButthatChristmas,whichmyfatherhadplannedsocarefully,wasitthebestortheworst

Ieverknew?

句中有兩個(gè)定語從句，一個(gè)是從which到carefully,是非限定性定語從句，一個(gè)是I

everknew,是限定性定語從句。

Itcoveredthewholedistancefrombroken-heartedmiserytoburstinghappiness-toofast.

cover在句中是"travel"的意思。

如：Bysunset,wehadcovered30miles.

可以把該句看成一個(gè)比喻句，它把人的感情從極度的悲哀到極度的快樂比喻為一個(gè)

完整的歷程，作者這一天經(jīng)歷了這整個(gè)的感情歷程。

該句的譯文可以是：在這一天里，先是令人心碎的痛若，繼而是極度的喜悅，從一

個(gè)極端跳到另一個(gè)極端——變換得實(shí)在太快了。

練習(xí)答案

Agrown-upcouldhardlyhavestoodit.

stand在這里是“bear,putupwith,忍受”的意思。

如：Ican'tstandtheman.

Shecan'tstandherfriendbeingtalkedaboutthatway.

grown-up:a.成年人的

同義詞：mature

n.成年人

同義詞：adult

這里是由動(dòng)詞短語growup構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，可與本課單詞mixed-up一起記憶。

Reviewquestions:

1.Doyouthinktheboyalittletoospoiled?Findtheexamplesfromthetext?

2.WhatmadetheauthorthinklaterthatthatChristmaswasboththebestandtheworsthe

everknew?

Unit5

KeytoStudy&Practice

Vocabulary

I.

1.miserable2.eve3.indignant

4.weep,breakintotears5.rude6.wrong(v.)

7.anxiety8.impatience9.catchsightof

lO.scarcely

IL

1.breakinto2.impatience3.miserable

4.makesure5.hungup6.scarcely7.weep

8.nothingbut9.lest10.indignant

11.inplace12.isdrawingnear13.eve

14.rude15.grown-ups

III.

l.canscarcelywait

2.tosticktothepromises

3.oneofmiseryfor

4.Thereismuchanxiety

5.caughtsightofanoldfriedofmine

6.theyhavebeenwronged

WordBuilding

IV.

1.misery2.truth3.silence4.anger5.pride6.honesty7.probability8.freedom

9.anxiety10.comfort11.impatience12.safety13.height14.happiness15.youth

V.

Age-oldcarefreecolor-blindduty-freegrass-greenice-coldknee-deep

lifelongnationwidepaper-thinseasickskin-deepsnow-whiteworldwide

1.snow-white2.lifelong3.color-blind

4.nationwide/worldwide5.carefree

6.knee-deep7.duty-free8.seasick

Structure

VI.

l.Theydidgiveup...

2.Dobemorecareful...

3.Docomeandjoinus...

4.Thependoeswrite...

5.1dohope...

VIL

1.oughttobe

2.Ought,totakeup,ought(to)

3.oughttohaveseen

4.oughtnottohavehurt

5.oughtnottohavebeenknockeddown

6.oughttohavegot

7.oughttobe

8.oughttobedone

VIII.

l.(Mary)couldhaveboughtanovercoat

2.(We)couldn,thavesucceededintheexperimentwithinsuchashortperiodoftime

3.(You)couldhavemade

4.(I)couldhavelentyou

5.(Herhusband)couldhavehelpedher

IX.

l.TheclothesmusthavebeenwashedbyMary.

2.Hemustbeatleastthirtyyearsold.

3.Alicelookedpaleyesterday.Shemusthavebeenill.

4.Theymustbetired.

5.Theexaminationmusthavebeenverydifficultsincenoneofthestudentspassed.

XL

l.goonliving2.wentontotell

3.wentontoshow4.wentonworking

Cloze

XII.

(A)

(l)nothingbut(2)impatience(3)lest(4)miserable(5)indignant

(6)wronged(7)misery

(8)brokeinto(9)anxiously

(lO)caughtsightof

(B)

(l)to(2)mine(3)going(4)ought

(5)nothing/nobody(6)mind/decision

⑺and(8)then

(9)On(10)town(ll)find/see(12)full

(13)walked(14)before(15)to(16)the

(17)retumed(18)looking(19)when

(20)at(2l)However(22)restaurants

(23)for(24)feeling(25)which

(26)before(27)where(28)must

(29)Merry

Translation

XIII.

1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Dr.smithcaughtsightofayoungmanrunningtowardshis

clinic.

2.Amyusedtodrinknothingbutcoffee.

3.Myrabrokeintotearswhenshelearnedthatherhusbandhadbeeninjuredinan

accident.

4.Wehaven'tseenMissWhiteforquiteafewdays.Hasshefallenillorsomething?

5.Thedirectoroftheresearchinstitutecameinpersontomakesurethateverythingwas

allright.

6.Lenniewaslateforschoolagainthismorning.Heoughtto/shouldhavegotupearlier.

Hemusthavestayeduptoolatelastnight.

7.Say,yououghtn'ttohavedrivenawaythosekids.Theycametolendyouahand,notto

maketrouble.

8.1tisimportantfornursestosticktothisrule.

KeytoReadingPractice

ExerciseA

1.thingswhichmakethebranchesmorebeautifulandbrightersuchascoloredlightsand

glassballs裝飾品

2.sleepy困倦

3.aquicklook一瞥

4.movequietly,slowlyorsecretly躡手躡腳地

5.farmyardbirdssuchaschicken,turkey,duckandgoose家禽

6.sweetfoodsuchaspies,puddingsandicecream甜食

7.somethingrare,uncommon衡罕的東西

8.atravelingshowoftrainedwildanimals,cleverhorseriding,etc.馬戲表演

KeytoWritingPractice

PartI

AtChristmasIgetmanypresents,butonepresentIespeciallyliketogetisabook.I

don'tmindwhatkindofbookitis.Itcanbeanovel,abookofpoems,orabookofplays;

Ienjoythemall.1sometimesborrowbooksfromthePublicLibrary.Wehaveavery

goodoneinourtown,andthelibrariangivesmeadviceaboutliteratureandhelpsmeto

findgoodbooks.Ialsobuybooks,particularlythosethatIhavereadbeforeandhave

enjoyed.1putthemonmyshelvessothatIcanreadthemtimeandagain.Ifeelthatthese

booksaremyfriends.

PartII

AsChristmasdrewnear,IwasfilledwithanxietybecauseIwashopingforaponyfor

myChristmaspresent.WhenmyfatherofferedmeachoiceofChristmaspresents,I

declaredthatIwantednothingbutapony.OnChristmasmorningmyhappysisterswere

openingthepresentstheyfoundintheirstockingsbungbythefireplace.Butminewas

empty.SoIbegantoweep.1wassohurtthatmymotherandsisterswereverymuch

concerned.Mymotherhadsomesharpwordsformyfatherwhojustlookedworriedand

keptonlookingoutofthewindow,NeverhadIbeensomiserableinmylife.

背景資料

Christmas

ChristmasEve(ATale)

FortheYoungandtheYoungatHeart

ItwasChristmasEveandeveryoneintheTaylorhouseholdwasasleep,thatis,allexcept

Daniel.Hecouldn'tsleep.Soonmorningwouldarriveandtimeforpresentstobeopened.

Danielgotoutofbedandwentdownstairs.

ThehousewasfullofChristmasSpirit.EventheTVscreenwasborderedwithholly.Yep,

thiswashisfavoritetimeoftheyear.Hehadjustfinishedfillingaglassofwaterwhen

Mrs.Taylorsteppedintothekitchen."Daniel,whatareyoudoingup?nshewhispered.

"Justgettingaglassofwater",heexplainedtotheloomingfigure."Couldn'tsleep.Can

weopenthepresentsnow"?"Oh,Daniel,"shesighed."It'sonly2am.It'stooearlytobe

thinkingofthatyet.Whydon*tyouheadbacktobed?"Helookedatherandnoddedhis

head.nOk,I'lldoitbutIwon*tlikeit”.Shegrabbedhishandandtheywalkedback

upstairs.

Heslidunderthecoversbutsleepdidn'tcomeeasy.Heknewthattherewerewonderful

thingsdownstairstobediscovered.Hetossedandturned.2:30....3:00."Willmorning

EVERcome",hewondered.Finallyat5amhecouldstanditnomoreandjumpedtothe

floor.

Herantothebedroomacrossthehallandflippedonthelightswitch."MERRY

CHRISTMAS!n,"MERRYCHRISTMAS!",heshouted."Timeforpresents,let'sgo,let's

go"!Thetiredfigureslowlysatupinbedandrubbedhereyes.Sheglancedattheclock

andthenbacktothefigureinthedoorway."Aw,Dad,it*s5am.Can'twejustsleepalittle

more"?

ChristmasMemories(APoem)

MayWeallKeepTheMemoriesAlive

Dashingthroughthestreets,Iseetheholidaycheer

PeopledressingupthetreeswithalltheChristmasgear

Ihearthechildrenhummingallthecarolswe'vecometoknow

Laughingandscreaming,whileallthetime,theybuildtheirmenofsnow

Iseethesnowflakesfallingandthesmile'sofdad'sandmom's

Iseethetownshipremembering,alltheChristmas*gone

Myheartgrowswarmer,mymemoriessublime

Knowingthatnothingchangesthenspirit"ofthetime

ImakemyChristmaswishesandhopethetheworldembraces

Allthekindnessoftheseason,thewarmthofsmilingfaces.

ChristmasChristmascelebrationsintheWesttoday

FromNovemberonwards,itisimpossibletoforgetthatChristmasiscoming.Coloured

lightsdecoratemanytowncentresandshops,alongwithshinydecorations,andartificial

snowpaintedonshopwindows.Instreetsandshops,'Christmastrees1(realorplastic

evergreen'conifer'trees)willalsobedecoratedwithlightsandChristmasornaments.

ShoppingcentresbecomebusierasDecemberapproachesandoftenstayopentilllate.

ShoppingcentrespeakersystemssystemswillplayChristmas'carols*-thetraditional

ChristmasChristiansongs,andgroupsofpeoplewilloftensingcarolsonthestreetsto

raisemoneyforcharity.MostplacesofworkwillholdashortChristmaspartyabouta

weekbeforeChristmas.AlthoughtraditionalChristmasfoodsmaybeeaten,drink(and

plentyofit)meansthatlittleworkwillbedoneaftertheparty!

Bymid-December,mosthomeswillalsobedecoratedwithChristmastrees,coloured

lightsandpaperorplasticdecorationsaroundtherooms.Thesedays,manymorepeople

alsodecorategardentreesorhousewallswithcolouredelectriclights,ahabitwhichhas

longbeenpopularinUSA.

Inmanycountries,mostpeoplepostChristmasgreetingcardstotheirfriendsandfamily,

andthesecardswillbehungonthewallsoftheirhomes.InUKthisyear,theBritishPost

Officeexpectstohandleover100millioncardsEACHDAY,inthethreeweeksbefore

Christmas.

Theoldmanwiththesack

'FatherChristmas1(or'SantaClaus')hasbecomethehumanfaceofChristmas.Pictures

willbeseeneverywhereoftheoldmanwithlongwhitebeard,redcoat,andbagoftoys.

ChildrenaretaughtthathebringsthempresentsthenightbeforeChristmas(orinsome

countriesonDecember6th-St.Nicholas'Day),andmanychildrenuptotheageof7or8

reallybelievethisistrue.Inmostcountries,itissaidthathelivesneartheNorthPole,

andarrivesthroughtheskyonasledge(snow-cart)pulledbyreindeer.Hecomesinto

housesdownthechimneyatmidnightandplacespresentsforthechildreninsocksor

bagsbytheirbedsorinfrontofthefamilyChristmastree.

Inshopsoratchildren'sparties,someonewilldressupasFatherChristmasandgive

smallpresentstochildren,oraskthemwhatgiftstheywantforChristmas.Christmascan

beatimeofmagicandexcitementforchildren.

Whowashe?

FatherChristmasisbasedonarealperson,St.Nicholas,whichexplainshisothername

'SantaClaus*whichcomesfromtheDutch'Sinterklaas'.NicholaswasaChristianleader

fromMyra(inmodern-dayTurkey)inthe4thcenturyAD.Hewasveryshy,andwanted

togivemoneytopoorpeoplewithoutthemknowingaboutit.Itissaidthatoneday,he

climbedtheroofofahouseanddroppedapurseofmoneydownthechimney.Itlandedin

thestockingwhichagirlhadputtodrybythefire!Thismayexplainthebeliefthat

FatherChristmascomesdownthechimneyandplacesgiftsinchildren'sstockings.

Stockings

AccordingtolegendthepracticeofhangingupstockingsoriginatedwithSt.Nicholas.It

wasclaimedthatoncewhiletryingtohelpamanwhoneededadowryforhisdaughter,

Nicholasthrewabagofgoldthroughtheman'swindow.Thebagofgoldlandedinoneof

thegirl'sstockingsthathadbeenhunguptodry.

BoxingDay

InEnglish-speakingcountries,thedayfollowingChristmasDayiscalled'BoxingDay1.

ThiswordcomesfromthecustomwhichstartedintheMiddleAgesaround800yearsago:

churcheswouldopentheir'almsboxe'(boxesinwhichpeoplehadplacedgiftsofmoney)

anddistributethecontentstopoorpeopleintheneighbourhoodonthedayafter

Christmas.Thetraditioncontinuestoday-smallgiftsareoftengiventodeliveryworkers

suchaspostalstaffandchildrenwhodelivernewspapers.

MakingsenseofChristmas

TodayintheWest,notmanypeopleconsiderthereligiousmeaningtoChristmas.Most

peopleinUKorEuropewillnotgotoareligiouschurchmeeting,evenatChristmas.It

hasbecomeabusyracetospendmoneyonpresents,andgetreadyfortheDay.InUK,

ourshopsstayopentilllateChristmasEveandoftenopenagainonBoxingDaywiththe

cut-price'sales'.(Notmuchholidayforthepoorshopworkers!)Avisitorfromanother

worldwouldthinkthatChristmaswasafestivaltothegodsofmoneyandshopping.

Lesson6

setout:

a.beginajob,task,etc.withaparticularaimorgoal.著手干…，后接動(dòng)詞不定式，如：

Hesetouttobreaktherecord.

Thecouplesetouttomaketheirfirstmillioninfiveyears.

Hesetouttowriteahistoryofcivilization(文明史).

b.setoff,startout出發(fā)，

如：setoutatdawn

Theysetout(off)forRome.

They'vesetout(off)onatriproundtheworld.

setout和setabout兩短語在作"準(zhǔn)備著手做某事”時(shí)意思一樣，但是setout后接

不定式，而setabout后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞

如:Afterbreakfast,mothersetaboutherhouseholdwork.

Jacksetaboutwritinghisreport.

efficiency:n.效率，功效

形容詞：efficient

同義詞：effectiveness,performance,capability

反義詞：inefficiency

turnout:provetobe,beintheend結(jié)果是，證明是，如:

Itwascloudythismorning,butitturnedoutfine.（后接形容詞）

Everythingturnedoutwell.（后接副詞）

Whathesaidturnedouttobealie.（后接tobe）

Itturnsoutthatthemethoddoesnotworkwell.（用于形式主語句）

Wearriveattheplaceandeverythingturnedoutasexpected.（后接as從句）

happento:碰巧，偏偏

如:Howdidyouhappentobeonthespot?你怎么偏偏就在現(xiàn)場呢？

industrial:a.工業(yè)的

industrialist：!1.工業(yè)家，實(shí)業(yè)家

industrious:a.勤奮的

industralize:v.使...工業(yè)化

IndustrialEngineering工業(yè)管理工程學(xué)

neat:a.orderlyandclean整潔的，同義詞為clean,orderly

如：aneatdesk,

neatwriting（字跡工整）

elementaryschool=primaryschool小學(xué)；

elementary:初級(jí)的，初等的，同義詞:basic,primary,introductory

反義詞：advanced,complex

如：elementarymath初級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)

elementaryeducation初級(jí)教育

elementaryEnglish初級(jí)英語

elementarygrammar基石出語法

socks:短襪，

stockings:長筒襪

bureau:n.衣柜,(政府部門的)局

FBI:FederalBureauofInvestigation美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局

pantsn.褲子(Am.)trousers(Br.)

efficiencyexpert:效率專家(術(shù)語)用在這里幽默地說明了他小時(shí)候就把家里的事得

安排井井有條。

由名詞+名詞構(gòu)成的短語類似的還有：workflow,assemblyline,qualitycontrol

inspection,machineoperator,其中前一個(gè)名詞修飾后面的名詞。

usedto:后接不定式短語，過去常常…

如：Iusedtogoswimminginthatstadium.

肯定句：Heusedtoplaygolf.

疑問句：Didheusetoplaygolf?

否定句：Hedidn'tusetoplaygolf.

疑問句：Usedhetoplaygolf?

否定句：Heusednottoplaygolf.

反意疑問句:Heusedtoplaygolf,didn'the?

反意疑問句:Heusedtoplaygolf,usedn'the?

反意疑問句:Hedidn'tusetoplaygolf,didhe?

注意：Thereusedtobeamapoftheworldonthewall,wasn'tthere?

注意:usedto和be(get)usedto的區(qū)別

Haveyoubeenusedtotheclimatehere?

TheforeignstudentshavegotusedtoeatingChinesefood.

utensil:instrument,tool,etcespeciallyforuseinthehouse.用具、器具

如：householdutensils家庭日常用具(pots,pans,brushes等)

writingutensils寫作工具(paper,pen,ink等)

bossy:a.愛指揮人的，專橫的

同義詞為:dictatorial

boss:n.老板

v.指揮，對(duì)…發(fā)號(hào)施令

bossaround:Tomlikestobossaroundthekidsaround.

You'llseewhatImeanwhenItellyouaboutthefirstprojectIeverdidafterIfinished

mybachelor'sdegreeattheuniversity.

句中whatImean是賓語從句，是see的賓語，從when到project是整個(gè)句子的狀語

從句，leverdid是定語從句，修飾project,從a