話題9世界和環(huán)境高頻詞匯用法導(dǎo)學(xué)案高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

話題9世界和環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)詞匯回顧（參考另外講義）高頻詞匯用法survive①vi.&vt.幸免;幸存;生還②vt.比(通常指親人)活得更長(zhǎng);比(某人)長(zhǎng)壽③vi.(靠很少的錢)繼續(xù)維持生活;仍然存在;保存下來(lái)考法1當(dāng)survive“比(通常指親人)活得更長(zhǎng);比(某人)長(zhǎng)壽survivesb.by+時(shí)間段”?？挤?surviveon...靠……存活下來(lái)survivefrom...從……留存下來(lái)考法3【拓展】①survivorn.幸存者②survivaln.幸存;繼續(xù)生存考法4【熟詞生義】survivevi.&vt.從(困難)中挺過(guò)來(lái);艱難渡過(guò)I'msureshewillsurvivethiscrisis.【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.Idon'tknowhowyouallmanage______________onsuchlittlesalary.2.Danielsurvivedhiswife______fiveyears.3.MajorHawkinswastheonly______(survive)ofthecrash.4.Hisonlychanceof______(survive)wasahearttransplant(移植).【答案解析】tosurvive2.by3.survivor4.survivalamazevt.使吃驚;使驚訝考法【拓展】①amazingadj.令人吃驚的②amazedadj.感到吃驚的beamazedat/bysth.因某事而吃驚③amazementn.驚奮toone'samazement使某人大為驚奇的是inamazement吃驚地【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空Thoughthe______(amaze)newsamazedmealot.Shedidn'tlook_______(amaze)fromherface.Davidlookedatmein_______.3.DuringavisittoaShanghaihospital,Iwasamazed_______(see)arobot,insteadofahumanbeing,distributingmedicine.4.It's_______(amaze)thatnooneelsehasappliedforthejob.5.Tomy_______,heateupthewholepie.【答案解析】1.amazing;amazed2.amazement3.tosee4.amazing5.amazementdesign①n.設(shè)計(jì);圖案;構(gòu)思②vt.設(shè)計(jì);計(jì)劃:構(gòu)思考法1bydesign=onpurpose故意地【反】byaccident無(wú)意地bedesignedfor...為…而設(shè)計(jì)bedesignedtodosth.為做某事而設(shè)計(jì)考法2【拓展】designern.設(shè)計(jì)者【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.Thisdictionaryis____________advancedlearnersofEnglish.2.Theymetoftenatfirstbychancebutlater______design.3.Thisprojectisdesigned____________(help)landlesspeople.【答案解析】1.for2.by3.tohelpfancy①adj.昂貴的;豪華的;別致的②v.想要;③n.想象;喜愛(ài),喜歡考法1fancy作動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)用于祈使句,表示驚奇、不相信震驚等,法2fancydoingsth.喜歡/想要做某事fancyoneself(as)sth.自認(rèn)為是……fancythat...(不肯定地)認(rèn)為………,想象…catch/takeone'sfancy合某人的心意;吸引某人takeafancytosb./sth.喜歡上某人/某物【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.Surelyasawomanshehassimplytakenafancy______theplace.2.Ididn'tfancy______(swim)inthatwater.3.Shefanciesherself______aseriousactress.【答案解析】to2.swimming3.asBelongvi應(yīng)在(某處);感到自在考法1belongto意為“屬于;為……的一員”,一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。考法2【拓展】belongingsn.所有物;財(cái)產(chǎn);財(cái)物【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.Thatdictionarybelongs______thelibrary.2.1knowit'swhereit’sfindmyfamily,mydogsandmy______(belong).【答案解析】1.to2.belongingsDoubtvi&n考法1doubt作動(dòng)詞時(shí),在肯定句中,其后常接whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,考法2doubt常用于以下句型:Thereisnodoubtthat...……毫無(wú)問(wèn)。Thereissomedoubtwhether...對(duì)……持有疑問(wèn)?？挤?beyond/withoutdoubt確實(shí);無(wú)疑nodoubt無(wú)疑;很可能考法4【拓展】①doubtfuladj.感到懷疑的;不確定的bedoubtfulabout(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事感到懷疑②doubtfullyadv.懷疑地indoubt不肯定;不確定【題組訓(xùn)練】用doubt的相關(guān)表達(dá)完成句子1.我懷疑自己能否按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。Idoubt______Icanfinishtheworkontime.2.我相信他能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。Idon'tdoubt______hecanfinishthetaskontime.3.這次會(huì)議無(wú)疑是我們迄今為止最有用的一次。Thismeetinghasbeen,____________,oneofthemostusefulwehavehadsofar.4.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)這樣的目標(biāo)是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。________________________suchagoalisachievable.單句填空Rosewasdoubtful______thewholeidea.Theresearchlackssolidevidence.therefore.Itsconclusionsare______(doubt).【答案解析】Whether/if2.that3.beyond/withoutdoubt4.Thereisnodoubtthatabout6.doubtfulworth①prep.值……錢②n.價(jià)值;作用考法1beworth+n./pron.意為“值……錢”,be(well)worthdoing意為“(很)值得做”,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義?？挤?【拓展】①worthyadj.值得……的;值得尊敬的beworthyof+n.應(yīng)得某物beworthyofbeingdone/tobedone值得做②worthwhileadj.值得做的;重要的Itisworthwhiletodosth./doingsth.做某事是值得的【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空Goodopinionsareworth______(stick)tobecausetheycanbenefitusall.Thereisanotherpointworthyto____________(discuss)【答案解析】1.sticking2.tobediscussed/ofbeingdiscussedcertainadj.確定的;某個(gè);某些考法1“becertain/sure+that從句”表示“(人)有把握/確信……”(表示主語(yǔ)的信念)becertain/sureof/aboutsth.(人)確信某事(表示主語(yǔ)的信念)becertain/suretodosth.必定/肯定會(huì)做某事makecertain/sure+that從句弄清楚/確保….makecertain/sureof/aboutsth.把某事弄清楚forcertain/sure確定;無(wú)疑(作狀語(yǔ))Itiscertainthat...一定會(huì)…(不能用sure)考法2【拓展】certainlyadv.確定;無(wú)疑【反】uncertainad.不確定的;無(wú)把握的:猶豫的【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.[江蘇2017·改編]Thispletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertain________(entertain)readersyoungandold.2.[天津2017·改編]We________(certain)dospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.【答案解析】toentertain2.certainlyaffectvt.影響;使感動(dòng);使(某人)深有感觸考法1affect意為“使感動(dòng);使(某人)深有感觸”時(shí),一般用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？挤?【拓展】affectionn.喜愛(ài);鐘愛(ài)考法3【熟詞生義】affectu.(疾病)侵襲;使感染E.g.Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.【題組訓(xùn)練】我被這部電影深深地打動(dòng)了。(affect)Shewasheldingreat______(affect)byallherstudents.【答案解析】affectedSucceedv.成功考法1succeedindoingsth.成功做某事考法2successn.[C,U]成功;成就[C]成功的人或事havesuccessin(doing)sth.成功做某事【拓展】successfuladj成功的;(人)有成就的besuccessfulin(doing)sth.成功做某事successfullyadv.成功地考法3【熟詞生義】succeedvi.&vt.接替;繼任succeedsb.as...接替某人擔(dān)任【題組訓(xùn)練】succeed的相關(guān)表達(dá)完成句子1.我們都成功地通過(guò)了期中考試。Weall_______in_______themidtermexam,42.接替肯尼迪擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)的是誰(shuí)?Who________Kennedy_______president?單句填空[江蘇2017·改編Aquickreviewof______(succeed)andfailuresattheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead[課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ2018·改編]Thekeyto______(succeed)smalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem.Hesucceededin______(get)aplaceatartschool.Hehasalreadyhadalotof____________(succeed)inhiscareer.【答案解析】succeeded;passing2.succeeded;as3.successes4.successful5.getting6.successHarmvi/vtn.考法1dosb./sth.harm=doharmtosb./sth.=bebadforsb./sth.對(duì)某人/物有害Thereisnoharmin(sb.'s)doingsth.做某事(對(duì)某人)并無(wú)害處考法2【拓展】①harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto=doharmto對(duì)……有害②harmlessadj.無(wú)害的【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.Thetrialsshowthatsmokingwilldoharm______people'shealth.2.Thisgroupofchemicalsisknowntobe______(harm)topeoplewithasthma(哮喘).You'dbetternottakethem.3.Someofthisisabsorbedandchangedinto______(harm)things,soitisnotdangerous.【答案解析】to2.harmful3.harmlessquantity.大量;數(shù)量考法1alargequantityof=largequantitiesof意為“大量的”考法2inquantity大量;大批【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空Largequantitiesofclothesandfood________(be)providedfortheearthquakeareas.Alargequantityof________(store)inthewaterreservoireveryyear.【答案解析】1.are2.isstoredOpposev.反對(duì);反抗;與(某人)較量考法1oppose(sb.)(doing)sth.反對(duì)(某人)(做)某事考法2【拓展】①opposedad.強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的;對(duì)立的;截然不同的(不用于名詞前)beopposedto反對(duì)……;與……對(duì)立(to為介詞)②opposingadj.對(duì)立的;對(duì)抗的;相反的oppositeadj.對(duì)面的;對(duì)立的;相反的prep.在……的對(duì)面n.對(duì)立物rangevi.在某范圍內(nèi)變化n.系列；范圍 考法arangeof一系列…in/withinrange在可及的范圍內(nèi);在視覺(jué)(或聽(tīng)覺(jué))范圍內(nèi)outof/beyondrange在……范圍外;在視覺(jué)(或聽(tīng)覺(jué))范圍外in/outoftherangeof在/超出……范圍rangefrom...to...在……和……之間變化rangebetween...and...在……和……之間【題組訓(xùn)練】用range的相關(guān)表達(dá)完成句子1.[北師大版]大學(xué)生年齡參差不齊,有著不同的社會(huì)文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)背景。Collegestudentsareofmanydifferentagesandefroma____________ofsocial,culturalandeconomicbackgrounds.2.這孩子現(xiàn)在離開了她的視線。Thechildwasnow____________therangeofhervision.3.[《朗文當(dāng)代》]這個(gè)節(jié)目擁有龐大的觀眾群,從小孩子到爺爺奶奶都愛(ài)看。Theshowhadamassiveaudience,______fromchildrentograndparents.4.[北京2017·改編]Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,ranging_____butterfliestoelephants.【答案解析】1.widerange2.outof3.ranging4.fromFrightenvt.使害怕;使受驚嚇考法1frightensb.intodoingsth.恐嚇某人做某事frighten...away/of將……嚇跑考法2【拓展】①frightenedadj.害怕的;受驚的(形容感覺(jué))befrightenedof(doing)sth./sb.害怕(做)某事/某人②frighteningadj.嚇人的;可怕的(形容令人害怕的事物)③frightn.驚嚇【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空1.Iwasfrightenedof____________(leave)aloneinthehouseatnight.2.[課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ2018·改編]I’mnotsurewhois____________(frighten),meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.【答案解析】1.beingleft2.morefrightenedDievi.死去;死亡;消失!考法dieout絕種;滅絕;消失dieof相繼死去dieaway(聲音、風(fēng)或光)慢慢變?nèi)?漸漸消失(強(qiáng)調(diào)漸行漸遠(yuǎn))diedown(火、光線、興奮、暴風(fēng)雨等)漸弱;平息(強(qiáng)調(diào)由高到低或由強(qiáng)到弱)dieof/from...死于…bedyingforsth.極想要某物bedyingtodosth.渴望做某事dieforsth.為某事物獻(xiàn)出生命【題組訓(xùn)練】單句填空Shewaiteduntilthefootstepshaddied______.2.Whentheapplausehaddied______,shebeganherspeech3.Thisspecieshasnearlydied______becauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.4.Asshegotolderandolder,herrelativesalldied______.5.I'm______forsomethingsweettoeat.【答案解析】1.away2.down3.out4.off5.dyingevi來(lái);來(lái)到;來(lái)臨;同行;(時(shí)間或事情)到來(lái);發(fā)生;夠到;達(dá)到(某一高度或位置);處于(某一位置)考法1eabout發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生eacross偶遇;碰見(jiàn);被理解eout出現(xiàn);出版eto蘇醒;合計(jì);突然被想起來(lái)ealong進(jìn)步;進(jìn)展;出現(xiàn);來(lái)到eup(問(wèn)題)出現(xiàn);走近;(日、月)升起eupwith提出;想出whenitesto...當(dāng)談到…(to為介詞)考法2eabout,happen,takeplace和breakout均表示發(fā)生”,都是不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)),不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。單句填空It'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowitcame_____thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.Whenreadingarticlesrelatedtoscience,weoftene_____difficultorunfamiliarwords.Janeisnotgoodatsports,butwhenites_____cooking,sheisexcellent.Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcame_____lastmonth.Shecame__________anewideaforincreasingsales.[《朗文當(dāng)代》]Takeanyjobopportunitythates_____.【答案解析】1.about2.across3.to4.out5.upwith6.alongputv.放;放置;(在……上)書寫;(以某種方式)說(shuō);提出(問(wèn)題、建議等);使做·考法putupwith忍受putoff推遲putaside把……放在一邊;不理睬;儲(chǔ)存putaway將……放回原處putout撲滅;制作(電視或廣播節(jié)目)putdown放下;寫下;鎮(zhèn)壓;平定putforward把時(shí)鐘撥快;將……提前;提出putin投人(時(shí)間或精力);把……寫進(jìn)(信函、故事等);添上;插話puton上演;穿上putup張貼;建造;搭建;留(某人)在家里過(guò)夜【題組訓(xùn)練】用put的相關(guān)表達(dá)完成句子1.我再也受不了你無(wú)禮的行為了。Ican't_______________yourbadbehavioranylonger.2.一個(gè)人總應(yīng)積攢點(diǎn)錢以備不時(shí)之需。Oneshouldalwaysputalittlemoney_____forarainyday.3.考試成績(jī)將在周五下午張貼出來(lái)。Theexamresultswillbe__________onFridayafternoon.4.Whoput_____atheoryaboutblackholes?5.Shecalledthisafternoontoput_____themeetingtonextweek.6.Therescueservicesarestilltryingtoput_____thefires.7.Putthoseheavybags_____foraminute.8.They're__________severalnewofficeblocksinthecenteroftown.【答案解析】Putupwith2.aside3.putup4.forward5.off6.out7.down8.puttingup強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、單句填空1.Therewasnoenough_____(evident)toprovethathestolethewallet.2.Shewasso_____(frighten)thatshecouldnotfixherthoughtsonanything.3.He'salwaysseemedveryselfcontrolled,soIwas_____(amaze)byhissuddenoutburstintheoffice.4.Thebuildinghad__________(previous)beenusedasahotel.5.Thenewlawstilldoesnotofferadequate______(protect)formanyendangeredspecies.6.Responding______thenews,Mr.Wattappealedforcalm.7.Mrs.Brown'sdog______(bite)themailmanwhenhewasdeliveringnewspapersyesterdayafternoon.8.Theyaskedmetodesignaposter______thecampaign.9.Therewasnothingworth______(read)inthismagazine.10.Alargequantityofwatersurfacehas(have)beenpolluted.11.Johnacceptedthechampionshipawardonbehalf_____theteam.12.Thehealthreportstressesthe_____(important)offreshfoodinadiet.13.Theexperimentwas_____(harm)totheanimals,sothereisnoneedforyoutobeworried.14.Idon'tknowhowsheputs__________hiscrueltytoher.二、短語(yǔ)填空accordingtoinreturnforonthewholeinsearchofdieoutindangeranswerfortakeapartawiderangeofunderconstruction1.Thereis_______________opinionsonthisissue.2.Iboughthimadrink______________hisgeneroushelp.3.Scientistsare______________acureforthedisease.4.Theworkwasdone_____