2022屆上海市崇明區(qū)高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題解析版

2022屆上海市崇明區(qū)高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題考試時間120分鐘，滿分140分。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatismostprobablythewoman’soccupation?A.Abankclerk. B.Ashopassistant.C.Anairhostess. D.Ahotelreceptionist.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Here’stheroomkey.Enjoyyourstay.Bytheway,thecheckouttimeis12noon.M:Thanksforremindingme.Q:Whatismostprobablythewoman’soccupation?2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?A.$10. B.$15. C.$25. D.$30.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’dliketobuytwoadultticketsandonestudenttickettotheVanGoghexhibit.Howmuch?W:Thecostoftheadultticketsis10dollarseach.Thestudentticketishalftheprice.Q:Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.Buysomeingredientsforthesalad. B.Waitforthewomantoreturn.C.Handthestoreovertothewoman. D.Makeashoppinglist.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whydon’tyougivethesaladmoreflavour?M:Goodidea.TellmewhatyoulikeandI’llrunovertothecornerstoretogetit.Q:Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Itdoesn’ttakelongtodrivethere.B.Hehasmemorizedeverypartofthedrive.C.Hedoesn’twanttodriveanymore.D.TheroadtoBridgeporthasjustbeenopened.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:EversinceyourwifemovedtoBridgeport,howmanytimesdoyoudrivethereeachweek?M:Ihavelostcount.ButIcandoitwithmyeyesclosed.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanimply?A.Theticketwasexpensive. B.Hedidn’tbuytheticket.C.Theticketshavebeensoldout. D.Hedoesn’tknowthepriceoftheticket.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Sohowmuchwasyourplaneticket?M:MorethanIcouldreallyafford.Ihadtodigintomysavings.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanmostprobablydo?A.DeliverthenotebooktoCathy. B.LookforCathy’snotebook.C.AskCathytoexplainthechemistrynotes. D.AskCathyfortheman’snotebook.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Couldyoudomeafavour?IreallyneedtogetthisnotebooktoCathy,andIknowshe’sinyourchemistryclassthisafternoon.W:Noproblem.Q:Whatwillthewomanmostprobablydo?7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hehopestograduatebeforethesummer.B.Thewomanwon’tbeabletokeepupthepace.C.Thewomanwillgraduateaftertheman.D.Hedoesn’twanttoattendschoolyearround.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:IfIcankeepupthepace,Iwillgraduateinjust3years.M:Thatmaybetrue,butIneverwanttogiveupmysummerbreaks.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.He’lljointhebandsoonerorlater.B.Hehadabadtimeintheschoolband.C.Hequitthebandforacademicreasons.D.He’sstillamemberoftheschoolband.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:You’vedroppedoutoftheschoolband,haven’tyou?ButIthoughtyoulovedit.M:Ido.Butwithallthetimeawayfrommystudies,mygradesarereallystartingtoslip.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?A.Themanisusedtocoldweather.B.TheweatherinOctobershouldbewarmer.C.Themandisbelievestheweatherforecast.D.Theweatherthisweekendwillremainwarm.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Didyouseetheweatherforecastforthisweekend?Ican’tbelievethetemperatureisgoingtodropsodramatically.M:Idid.Butitisn’twhatOctobershouldbelike.Q:Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanimply?A.Hisprojectcouldn’tcontinueduetothegovernment.B.Hedidn’tneedanysupportfromthegovernment.C.Hisproject’sfinancialproblemhasbeensolved.D.Hehasalreadystoppedhisprojecthalfway.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:David,howiseverythinggoingwithyourproject?M:Now,it’sundersmoothprogress.Butwithoutthefinancialsupportfromthegovernment,wewouldhavestoppedithalfway.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?A.Manyleadersareanxiousabouttheirteam’sproductivity.B.Employeesarehappierwhentheyworkfromhome.C.Moreandmorepeopleprefertoworkathomenow.D.Workingremotelyimprovesemployees’productivity.12.AccordingtothedatafromRescueTime,howmuchpercentoftimecanbesavedoncommunicationeachday?A.4%. B.18%. C.38%. D.58%.13.HowcanthedatafromRescueTimeinfluenceleaders?A.Itcanstrengthentheirleadership. B.Itcanhelpthemmanagetheirtime.C.Itcanrelievethemofsomeconcern. D.Itcancausethemtosethighergoals.【答案】11.D12.B13.C【解析】【原文】Manyleadersareworriedabouthowproductivetheirpeoplecanactuallybeathome.Newdata,however,suggeststhattheycanprobablyrelax.ThedatacomesfromRescueTime,atimemanagementtoolthatmonitorshowyouspendeveryminuteoftimeonyourcomputersoyoucanmakebetteruseofyourday.Thecompanycarefullyexaminedtheinformationanddeliveredhappynewsaboutourproductivitywhenweworkfromhome.Accordingtothedata,knowledgeworkers,softwaredevelopersandITprofessionalsareallmoreproductivewhentheyworkfromhome.Itshowsremoteworkershada4%increaseinaveragedailytimespentontheirimportantworkandan18%decreaseintimespentoncommunication.Overayear,thataddsupto58morehoursspentonimportantwork.Ifthetimesavedoncommunicationisaddedtothetimesavedfromtravelingtoandfromwork,workerswillsaveatleastthreehoursadaywhentheygoremote.That’sgreatnewsformanagers,andemployeesareprobablyprettyexcitedaboutthatshifttoo.Thedatasuggeststheleaderscanremoveatleastoneitemfromtheirlonglistofanxieties.Remoteworkprobablyisn’tkillingtheirteam’sproductivity.(Nowlistenagain,please)Questions:11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?12.AccordingtothedatafromRescueTime,howmuchpercentoftimecanbesavedoncommunicationeachday?13.HowcanthedatafromRescueTimeinfluenceleaders?聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofbeestoagriculture.B.Thefactorsincausingthedeclineofbees.C.Thereasonsforchoosingadayforbees.D.Thewaystoincreasethediversityofbees.15.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefactorsthatareputtingbeesatrisk?A.Thechangeintheirfoodforms. B.Thedisappearanceoftheirhomes.C.Thelossofsomeplants. D.Thepoorharvestinagriculture.16.WhatimpactmightErikaThompson’sonlinevideosmostprobablybring?A.Raisingawarenessofprotectingbees. B.Keepingmorepeopleawayfrombees.C.Inspiringmoreartworksaboutbees. D.Encouragingprofessorstokeepbees.【答案】14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】There’sadayforjustabouteverything,andtheUnitedNationshasselectedMay20asWorldBeeDayforworldwiderecognitionoftheimportanceofbees.“Thereare20,000speciesofbeesaroundtheworldandalotofthesebeesareindecline,”saysJosephSmith,abeeexpertwiththeUN’sFoodandAgricultureOrganization.Thatincludeshoneybees,ofcourse,butSmithsaystheyonlymakeupaverysmallpartofallthekindsofbeesintheworld.Climatechange,poisonouschemicalsusedinagricultureandthelossoflivingspacesareputtingmanyofthosespeciesatrisk.“Beesreallyprovideforusinmanyways,likefoodandhumanwell-being.They’reimportantforourculture,datingbackthousandsofyearsintermsofinspirationofart,”Smithsays.TheyevenprovideinspirationforErikaThompson,aprofessionalbeekeeperinTexas,toshareherworkonline.Herfanswatchwithdelight—andsometimesalittlehorror—asshepicksuppilesofbeeswithherbarehandsandthenmovesthemfromdangerousplacestosomewheresafer.Thompson’sworkisaboutmorethangettingmillionsofviewspervideo.Shenotesthatbeesareakeyfactorincreatingdiverseandhealthyecosystems.(Nowlistenagain,please)Questions:14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?15.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefactorsthatareputtingbeesatrisk?16.WhatimpactmightErikaThompson’sonlinevideosmostprobablybring?聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Howtobookamovieticket. B.Whomtoseeamoviewith.C.Whethertoseeamovie. D.Wheretoseeamovie.18.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMarvel’snewmovie?A.Ithasbeenwidelycriticized. B.Ithasreceivedgoodcomments.C.Ithasatotallydifferentstyle. D.Ithasbeenreviewedmanytimes.19.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonswhythemanpreferstoseeamovieatatheatre?A.Itcreatesbetteratmosphere. B.Helikesthecompanyofstrangers.C.Itismuchmorerelaxing. D.HedislikesMarvel’soldmovies.20.Whydidn’tthewomanwanttogotothetheatreatfirst?A.Shefeltverytired. B.Shetriedtoavoidthetallguy.C.Sheneededsomesleep D.She’dliketoseethetinydetails.【答案】17.D18.B19.A20.A【解析】【原文】M:I’vereallybeenlookingforwardtoseeingMarvel’snewmovieatthetheatre.W:Iknowthecriticsgaveitgoodreviews,butIwashopingtowatchamovieathome.HowaboutjuststreamingadifferentMarvelmovietonight?M:What?No.Iwanttoseethemostcurrentone.Andtoreallygetthefulleffect,youhavetoseethemovieonthesilverscreen.W:Butit’smorerelaxingathome,andIcanliedownwhilewatchingsomething.I’mkindofexhausted,youknow.M:Oncewegettothetheatre,you’llfeelbetter.W:Idoubtit.Wehavemorefreedomathome,too.Wecanpausethemovieandgetsnacksorusethebathroomwithoutmissinganything.M:ButIenjoythatcommercialexperienceofwatchingamovieinthedarkwithstrangers.AndonlyonabigscreencanyouseeallthetinydetailsyoumightmissonaTVscreen.Andthesoundsurroundsyouandmakesyoufeellikeyou’rerightinthescreen.W:Well,youcan’tstayinthatworldwhenpeople’sphoneslightup.M:Itonlyhappensoccasionally.Anyway,it’lldousgoodtogetout.W:OK,Iguess…butIhopethistimetherewon’tbeatallguysittinginfrontofme.(Nowlistenagain,please)Questions:17.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?18.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMarvel’snewmovie?19.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonswhythemanpreferstoseeamovieatatheatre?20.Whydidn’tthewomanwanttogotothetheatreatfirst?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ArtistsShowConcernforEnvironmentatSmithsonianCraftShowTheUnitedNationssaysmorethanonemillionplantandanimalspeciesarelikelytodieoutbecauseofhumanactivity.Thatthreat____21____theenvironmentandconcernsaboutclimatechangeinfluencedpeopleattendingtheSmithsonianCraftShowlastmonth.Theshowgaverecognitiontoartists____22____(create)environmentallysustainableworks.TheSmithsonianCommitteeismadeupofvolunteersfromtheWashington,D.C.area.JoannSymonsisthegroup’spresident.“Inrecentyears,we’venoticedthattheartistsinourshowshavebeenworkingwithmorerenewablematerialsandmethods____23____areenvironmentallysafe.That’sAttheshowlastmonth,120artistsfromacrosstheUnitedStatespresentedworksofartin12differentmaterials.Twenty-oneartistsmettherequirementsforsustainability.Bydoingso,theywontheright____25____(compete)fortheHonoringtheFutureSustainabilityAward.Thewinnerreceivedaprizeof1,000dollars.MaryJaegercreatesherworksofartinanearly100-year-oldfactorybuildinginBrooklyn,NewYork.Shemakesartworksthat____26____bewornasclothing.Itcombinesthetime-honoredqualitiesofJapanesetextileswithmodernWesterndesigns.Jaegerwonthe“HonoringtheFutureSustainabilityAward”forhersilkcreations.Shemakesthembyhand,combiningearlierprojectswithmaterials____27____(leave)over.Theartistsaid,“FranDubrowski____29____(head)HonoringtheFuture,anonprofitorganizationthatprovidesthesustainabilityaward.Shesaidthegroup_____30_____(set)uptotakeadvantageofthepowerofarttoeducateandengagethepubliconclimatechange.【答案】21.to22.creating23.that##which24.why25.tocompete26.can27.left28.When##As29.heads30.wasset##hadbeenset【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了藝術(shù)家在史密森尼工藝展上表達(dá)對環(huán)境的關(guān)心?！?1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：對環(huán)境的威脅和對氣候變化的擔(dān)憂影響了上個月參加史密森工藝展的人們。threatto為固定用法，意為“對……的威脅”。故填to。【22題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：該展覽表彰了創(chuàng)造環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展作品的藝術(shù)家。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語動詞gives，空處需填非謂語動詞，artists和create為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，需用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填creating?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：近年來，我們注意到我們展覽中的藝術(shù)家一直在使用更多的可再生材料和環(huán)保的方法?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞methods，指物，在定語從句中作主語，需用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which?！?4題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：這就是為什么我們決定每年在展會上頒發(fā)一個可持續(xù)發(fā)展獎來獎勵這些努力?？仗幰龑?dǎo)表語從句，從句缺少原因狀語，需用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)。故填why?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：通過這樣做，他們贏得了競爭未來可持續(xù)發(fā)展獎的權(quán)利?？仗幮揎椕~theright，需用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填tocompete。【26題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：她制作可以當(dāng)衣服穿的藝術(shù)品。結(jié)合語境可知，空處需填情態(tài)動詞can，表示“可以，能夠”。故填can?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她將早期的作品和剩余的材料結(jié)合起來，手工制作這些作品。“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”為固定用法，空處需填非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，materials和leave為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，需用過去分詞形式。故填left?！?8題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：這位藝術(shù)家說:“當(dāng)我看到這些我經(jīng)過多年設(shè)計獲得的美麗的絲綢時，我想把它們改造成真正美麗的東西，但又和原來的產(chǎn)品完全不同……”。空處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時候”，需用as/when引導(dǎo)。故填as/when?！?9題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：弗蘭·杜博洛斯基(FranDubrowski)是“尊重未來”(honortheFuture)的負(fù)責(zé)人，這是一家提供可持續(xù)發(fā)展獎的非營利組織。此處陳述客觀事實，使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為FranDubrowski，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填heads。【30題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：她說，成立這個組織是為了利用藝術(shù)的力量來教育公眾，讓公眾參與氣候變化問題?？仗帪橘e語從句的謂語動詞，從句可以看作陳述客觀事實，也可看作陳述過去的動作，再根據(jù)said可知，從句使用一般過去時或者過去完成時，主語thegroup和set為被動關(guān)系，需用被動語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填wasset/hadbeenset。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.awardedB.contemporaryC.demandD.emittedE.exploreF.exposureG.inevitableH.protectiveI.tragicJ.undertakeK.unmatchedPraiseforPioneersinScienceInmemoryofMarieCurieonherbirthdayonSaturday,theofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizepostedaphotographofhernotebooksaying,“MarieCuriediedofaplasticanaemia(再生障礙性貧血)on4July1934,aresultofyearsof___31___toradiationthroughherwork.Eventodayherlaboratorynotebookfrom1899-1902,isradioactiveandwillbefor1,500years.”ThetalesofMarieandotherscientistsofhertimeareinsomesensevery___32___.WilhelmConradRoentgen,aprofessorofphysicsattheWuerzburgUniversityinGermany,discoveredX-rayin1895.Ayearlater,AntoineHenriBecquerelfoundthatsomenaturalsubstances___33___However,theharmfuleffectsofradioactivitywerenotdiscovereduntildecadeslater.Marieandher___34___scientistsdealtwithradioactivesubstancesfordecadesusinglittleornoprotection.Marie’sdeathisareminderabouttheriskspioneersinscience___35___.Itwasonlyafterpeoplehandlingradioactivesubstancesbegantogetsimilardiseasesthatmedicalexpertsaskedpeopletouseprotection.Today,medicalhealthworkersandpatientswearheavy___36___coversduringX-rays.Itisalmost___37___thatthoseexploringnewfrontiers(前沿)forscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers.Thereisa(n)___38___forbetterprotectionforthepioneers,butthatisnotpossibleuntilthedangersarefullyknown.Forexample,thespacesuitsastronautswearprotectthemagainstradiation.However,onlytimewilltelliftherearesomeotherunknowndangersthattheyneedtoprotectthemselvesagainst.Thecontributionsandsacrificesbysuchpioneerstothefieldofscienceare___39___anddeservingofourrespect.Becausethepioneersnotonly____40____newfrontiers,butalsohelpusbetterprotectourselvesfromunknownenvironments.【答案】31.F32.I33.D34.B35.J36.H37.G38.C39.K40.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章開頭提出了居里夫人的死亡原因“再生性障礙貧血”其實是由于她多年工作中暴露于輻射的結(jié)果，以此為導(dǎo)入，介紹了那些探索科學(xué)新領(lǐng)域的人將自己暴露在未知的危險之中幾乎是不可避免的。科研人員雖然穿著防護(hù)服，但還是存在未知的風(fēng)險，從而提出這些先驅(qū)者對科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的做出的自我犧牲和貢獻(xiàn)是無與倫比的，表達(dá)了對于他們的敬意?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：瑪麗·居里于1934年7月4日死于再生障礙性貧血，這是她多年工作中暴露于輻射的結(jié)果。分析可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是名詞，與空后介詞“to”結(jié)合構(gòu)成固定短語，且后文“radiation”意為“輻射”，由此推知，應(yīng)是F項“exposure”，名詞，意為“面臨；遭受（危險或不快）”，可構(gòu)成固定短語“exposuretosth”，意為“暴露；受到”，符合語意要求。故選F項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：居里夫人和她那個時代的其他科學(xué)家的故事在某種意義上是非常悲慘的?？涨啊癮re”為系動詞，所填空應(yīng)是形容詞。根據(jù)前文“Eventodayherlaboratorynotebookfrom1899-1902,isradioactiveandwillbefor1,500years.(即使在今天，她從1899年到1902年的實驗室筆記仍然是放射性的，而且將在1500年里都是放射性的。)”語境可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是消極意義的形容詞。選項I“tragic”，形容詞，意為“悲慘的；不幸的”，符合語境和語意要求。故選I項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞。句意：一年后，安托萬·亨利·貝克勒爾發(fā)現(xiàn)一些天然物質(zhì)也會發(fā)出射線。分析可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是從句的謂語動詞，從句主語“somenaturalsubstances”意為“一些天然物質(zhì)”，賓語“rays”意為“射線”，由此可推知，所選動詞應(yīng)表達(dá)“釋放”含義。選項D“emitted”，動詞，意為“排放；發(fā)散”，符合語境和語意要求。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：居里夫人和她同時代的科學(xué)家?guī)资陙硪恢痹谑褂煤苌倩蚋緵]有保護(hù)的方法處理放射性物質(zhì)。分析可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是形容詞作定語修飾空后名詞“scientists(科學(xué)家)”，與“Marie”并列，且與前文“otherscientistsofhertime(她那個時代的其他科學(xué)家)”相呼應(yīng)，應(yīng)是指和她同時代的科學(xué)家們。選項B“contemporary”，形容詞，意為“同時期的”，符合語境和語意要求。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：居里夫人的死提醒我們科學(xué)先驅(qū)們所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險。分析可知，“pioneersinscience___5__”為之前名詞“therisks”的定語從句，從句主語為“pioneers”，“inscience”為其后置定語，先行詞“therisks”為賓語，因此設(shè)空處為謂語動詞，所選應(yīng)是動詞，結(jié)合先行詞，即，其賓語“therisks”為“風(fēng)險”含義，應(yīng)是J項“undertake”，動詞，意為“承擔(dān)”，“undertaketherisks”意為“承擔(dān)風(fēng)險”，符合語境和語意搭配。故選J項。【36題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：今天，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生工作者和患者在接受X光檢查時戴上厚厚的防護(hù)罩。分析可知，空后“covers”為名詞，意為“覆蓋物；外衣”，因此可推知設(shè)空處應(yīng)是形容詞作定語。結(jié)合“medicalexpertsaskedpeopletouseprotection(醫(yī)學(xué)專家要求人們采取保護(hù)措施)”可知，這里應(yīng)是指“防護(hù)罩”。選項H“protective”，形容詞，意為“保護(hù)的；防護(hù)的”，符合語境和語意搭配。故選H項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：那些探索科學(xué)新領(lǐng)域的人將自己暴露在未知的危險之中幾乎是不可避免的。分析可知，空前“is”為系動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是形容詞作表語。根據(jù)后文主語從句“thatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers(那些探索科學(xué)新領(lǐng)域的人正把自己暴露在未知的危險之中)”語境可知，這種情況是無法避免的。選項G“inevitable”，形容詞，意為“不可避免的；不能防止的”，符合語境和語意搭配。故選G項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：有人要求為先驅(qū)者提供更好的保護(hù)，但在完全了解危險之前，這是不可能的。分析可知，空前“a(n)”為不定冠詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是名詞，與空后“for”搭配。結(jié)合前文“Itisalmost___7__thatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers.(那些探索科學(xué)新領(lǐng)域的人正把自己暴露在未知的危險之中是不可避免的。)”可知，對于這些人來說，在科研過程中，需要有更好的保護(hù)。C項“demand”，名詞，意為“要求；需求”，可構(gòu)成固定短語“ademandforsth”，意為“對……的一個需求”，符合語境和語意搭配。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這些先驅(qū)者對科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)和犧牲是無與倫比的，值得我們尊敬。分析可知，空前“are”為系動詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是形容詞作表語。根據(jù)前文“Forexample,thespacesuitsastronautswearprotectthemagainstradiation.However,onlytimewilltelliftherearesomeotherunknowndangersthattheyneedtoprotectthemselvesagainst.(例如，宇航員穿的宇航服可以保護(hù)他們免受輻射。然而，只有時間才能證明是否還有其他未知的危險需要他們保護(hù)自己。)”可知，雖然穿著防護(hù)服，但還是存在未知的風(fēng)險，他們在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域不僅做出了貢獻(xiàn)也做出了犧牲，由此可知，這些都是無與倫比的。選項K“unmatched”，形容詞，意為“無與倫比的”，符合語境和語意搭配。故選K項。【40題詳解】考查動詞。句意：因為科研先驅(qū)們不僅探索新的領(lǐng)域，而且?guī)椭覀兏玫乇Ｗo(hù)自己不受未知環(huán)境的影響。分析可知，設(shè)空處為句子的謂語動詞，應(yīng)是動詞。結(jié)合主語“thepioneers”意為“先驅(qū)；先鋒”，賓語“newfrontiers”意為“新領(lǐng)域”，由此可推知，謂語動詞應(yīng)表達(dá)“探索”含義。選項E“explore”，動詞，意為“探索”，符合語境和語意搭配。故選E項。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Weallknowthedangersofadietthat’shighinfat.ButanewstudyfromresearchersattheTokyoMedicalandDentalUniversity(TMDU)inJapanhasnowfoundhavingafat-heavydietcanalso___41___hairloss.Intheaveragehealthyadult,thehairfolliclestemcells(HFSCs)(毛囊干細(xì)胞)___42___themselvesregularly,whichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyoucutitandalsowhyitbecomeslonger.Aswithmostthingsinthehumanbody,though,agingdoesn’tdotheHSFCsany___43___.Asyougetolder,thestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceas___44___astheyoncedid,leavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.InthestudycarriedoutbyTMDU’sdepartmentofstemcellbiology,micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎癥)responsesinthebodywhich,___45___,blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss.Whatwassurprisingwasthatthe___46___inthehairfolliclescouldhappeninaslittleasfourdaysspentonahigh-fatdietandthattheproblemseemedtobeworseinoldermice.“High-fatdietfeedingmakeshair___47___fasterbyreducingHFSCs,especiallyinoldmice,”explainsHironobuMorinaga,thestudy’sleadauthor.“WecomparedthegeneexpressioninHFSCsbetweenHFD-fedmiceandstandarddiet-fedmiceand___48___thefateofthoseHFSCsaftertheiractivation.”It’snotjustthe___49___contentofyourfoodthatcandamageyourhairaswhatyouconsumecanreallyaffecthowyourhairgrowsandevenwhethermenwillkeepit,asDrAliaAhmed,whospecializesinthestudyofskin,explains.___50___shortagesareoftentherootcauseofmanyhairproblems,addsDrAhmed.“Iron,vitaminA,vitaminD,vitaminE,etc.—therearesomanynutrientsinvolvedinhair___51___,”shesays.“It’snotjustgenetics.”Ifyou’vegotasweettooth,forexample,youmayneedtothinkabout___52___thesweetfood.Notonlyissugarbadforyourhair,butitcancauseyourbloodsugarlevelstorisedramatically,which,inmen,canraisethelevelsofthehormoneandrogen(雄性激素),leadingtofollicle___53___andpotentialhairloss.Butdon’tmakethe___54___ofsubstitutingsugarforartificialsweeteners.Takedietdrinksthatreplaceprocessedsugarwithartificialsweetenerslikeaspartame,forinstance.Intheiranalysisofaspartame,theUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)haslistedhairthinningandhairlossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof___55___ofaspartame.41.A.fitinwith B.makeupfor C.copewith D.speedup42.A.cure B.renew C.identify D.protect43.A.harm B.favours C.justice D.corrections44.A.efficiently B.constructively C.generously D.fundamentally45.A.inturn B.bycontrast C.forinstance D.asusual46.A.participating B.persevering C.worsening D.documenting47.A.dying B.growing C.cleaning D.thinning48.A.altered B.traced C.suspected D.stimulated49.A.protein B.vitamin C.sugar D.fat50.A.Sleep B.Water C.Nutritional D.Widespread51.A.products B.samples C.disorders D.cells52.A.puttingdown B.messingup C.figuringout D.turningover53.A.recreation B.damage C.replacement D.disappearance54.A.use B.prospect C.difference D.mistake55.A.disrespect B.undervaluation C.overconsumption D.misunderstanding【答案】41.D42.B43.B44.A45.A46.C47.D48.B49.D50.C51.C52.A53.B54.D55.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了高脂肪飲食會加速脫發(fā)，并解釋了原因?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：但是日本東京醫(yī)學(xué)和牙科大學(xué)（TMDU）研究人員的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，高脂肪飲食也會加速脫發(fā)。A.fitinwith配合；B.makeupfor彌補(bǔ)；C.copewith應(yīng)付；D.speedup加速。根據(jù)后文“High-fatdietfeedingmakeshair___7___fasterbyreducingHFSCs”可知，高脂肪飲食會減少毛囊干細(xì)胞，加速脫發(fā)。故選D項。【42題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在普通健康成年人中，毛囊干細(xì)胞（HFSCs）定期更新自己，這就是為什么你剪頭發(fā)時頭發(fā)又長了回來，也就是為什么頭發(fā)變長了。A.cure治愈；B.renew更新；C.identify識別；D.protect保護(hù)。根據(jù)后文“whichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyoucutitandalsowhyitbecomeslonger”可知，普通的健康成年人的頭發(fā)剪掉了會再長，即毛囊干細(xì)胞會定期更新。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，與人體內(nèi)的大多數(shù)事物一樣，衰老對HSFC沒有任何幫助。A.harm傷害；B.favours支持，特別照顧；C.justice正義；D.corrections糾正。根據(jù)后文“Asyougetolder,thestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceas___4___astheyoncedid,leavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.”可知，衰老對于干細(xì)胞沒有幫助，dosb.favours表示“幫助某人”。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長，干細(xì)胞失去了像以前一樣高效繁殖的能力，導(dǎo)致頭發(fā)變薄和（或者）脫落。A.efficiently有效地；B.constructively建設(shè)性地；C.generously慷慨地；D.fundamentally根本地。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)eavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.”可知，隨著年齡的增長，頭發(fā)變薄和（或者）脫落，毛囊干細(xì)胞失去了曾經(jīng)有效繁殖的能力。故選A項。【45題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：在TMDU干細(xì)胞生物學(xué)系進(jìn)行的研究中，被給予高脂肪飲食（HFD）的小鼠更容易產(chǎn)生身體炎癥，繼而阻礙毛囊再生，導(dǎo)致脫發(fā)。A.inturn繼而；B.bycontrast相比之下；C.forinstance例如；D.asusual像往常一樣。根據(jù)上文“micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎癥的)responsesinthebody”可知，被給予高脂肪飲食的小鼠會產(chǎn)生炎癥，繼而阻礙毛囊再生，導(dǎo)致脫發(fā)。故選A項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：令人驚訝的是，在高脂肪飲食的短短四天內(nèi)，毛囊的惡化可能會發(fā)生，而老年老鼠的問題似乎更嚴(yán)重。A.participating參與；B.persevering堅持；C.worsening惡化；D.documenting記錄。根據(jù)上文“micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎癥的)responsesinthebodywhich,___5___,blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss.”可知，小鼠產(chǎn)生炎癥，繼而阻礙毛囊再生，導(dǎo)致脫發(fā)，此處表示這種惡化可能會在短短的四天內(nèi)發(fā)生。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：該研究的主要作者HironobuMorinaga解釋說：“高脂肪飲食喂養(yǎng)通過減少毛囊干細(xì)胞，尤其是在老年鼠中，使頭發(fā)變薄的速度加快?！?。A.dying死亡；B.growing成長；C.cleaning清潔；D.thinning使稀薄。根據(jù)上文“blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss”可知，高脂肪飲食會使小鼠的毛發(fā)變少，更快變得稀薄。故選D項。【48題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們比較了HFD喂養(yǎng)的小鼠和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飲食喂養(yǎng)的小鼠之間毛囊干細(xì)胞的基因表達(dá)，并追蹤了這些毛囊干細(xì)胞被激活后的命運。A.altered改變；B.traced追蹤；C.suspected懷疑；D.stimulated刺激。根據(jù)語境，此處表示的是研究人員們對于不同喂養(yǎng)方式下老鼠的毛囊干細(xì)胞基因進(jìn)行比較，并且追蹤。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正如專門研究皮膚的AliaAhmed博士所解釋的，不僅僅是食物中的脂肪含量會損害你的頭發(fā)，因為你吃的東西會真正影響你頭發(fā)的生長，甚至影響男人是否會保有頭發(fā)A.protein蛋白質(zhì)；B.vitamin維生素；C.sugar糖；D.fat脂肪。根據(jù)上文“havingafat-heavydietcanalso___1___hairloss”可知，高脂肪飲食會導(dǎo)致頭發(fā)減少，此處表示除了食物中脂肪含量會損害頭發(fā)之外，還有其他因素也會有影響。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Ahmed博士補(bǔ)充說，營養(yǎng)短缺往往是許多頭發(fā)問題的根本原因。A.Sleep睡眠；B.Water水；C.Nutritional營養(yǎng)的；D.Widespread廣泛分布的。根據(jù)后文“Iron,vitaminA,vitaminD,vitaminE,etc.—therearesomanynutrientsinvolvedinhair___11___”可知，營養(yǎng)短缺會導(dǎo)致頭發(fā)疾病，所以營養(yǎng)短缺往往是許多頭發(fā)問題的根本原因。故選C項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“鐵、維生素A、維生素D、維生素E等——頭發(fā)疾病涉及到太多營養(yǎng)素。”A.products產(chǎn)品；B.samples樣品；C.disorders疾??；D.cells細(xì)胞。根據(jù)上文“___10___shortagesareoftentherootcauseofmanyhairproblems”可知，營養(yǎng)短缺是許多頭發(fā)問題的根本原因，即頭發(fā)疾病涉及到太多營養(yǎng)素。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：例如，如果你喜歡吃甜食，你可能需要考慮放下那些甜食。A.puttingdown放下；B.messingup搞亂；C.figuringout弄清楚；D.turningover翻身。根據(jù)后文“Notonlyissugarbadforyourhair,butitcancauseyourbloodsugarlevelstorisedramatically”可知，甜食對你的頭發(fā)和血糖有壞處，所以你可能需要考慮放下甜食。故選A項。【53題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：糖不僅對你的頭發(fā)有害，而且會導(dǎo)致血糖水平升高，而男性的血糖升高會導(dǎo)致雄激素水平升高，導(dǎo)致毛囊損傷和潛在的脫發(fā)。A.recreation娛樂；B.damage損壞；C.replacement更換；D.disappearance失蹤。根據(jù)上文“micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎癥的)responsesinthebodywhich,___5___,blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss”可知，高脂肪飲食的小鼠會產(chǎn)生炎癥，阻止毛囊再生，推測，男性多吃糖會導(dǎo)致血糖升高，雄激素水平升高，導(dǎo)致毛囊損傷。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但用人工甜味劑代替糖是錯誤的，不要這么做。A.use使用；B.prospect前景；C.difference差異；D.mistake錯誤。根據(jù)后文“theUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)haslistedhairthinningandhairlossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof___15___ofaspartame.”可知，人工甜味劑過量攝入會導(dǎo)致副作用，用人工甜味劑代替糖是錯誤的。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查