2024年人教版高二英語講義（選擇性必第三冊）Unit 3 Environmental Protection：Period 3 Reading For Writing（學案）(解析版)

選擇性必修第三冊Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionPeriod3ReadingForWriting001預習導學Ⅰ.單詞認讀關(先填后記誦)一、基礎詞匯記其形1.

____________

vt.

恢復；使復原；修復2.

____________

n.

對（環(huán)境、文物等）保護；保持3.____________

n.

（一）打；十二個4.____________

許多；很多5.____________

vt.

對……處以罰款_6.

____________

n.

運動；戰(zhàn)役

vi.

&

vt.

參加運動；領導運動7.

____________

vt.

忍受；包容；容許1.

restore

vt.

恢復；使復原；修復2.

conservation

n.

對（環(huán)境、文物等）保護；保持3.

dozen

n.

（一）打；十二個4.

dozensof

許多；很多5.

fine

vt.

對……處以罰款6.

campaign

n.

運動；戰(zhàn)役

vi.

&

vt.

參加運動；領導運動7.

tolerate

vt.

忍受；包容；容許二、核心詞匯記中變1.conservevt.保存→____________n.對(環(huán)境、文物等)保護；保持2.regulatevt.約束，控制，管理；調節(jié)→____________n.監(jiān)管者；監(jiān)管機構→____________n.章程；規(guī)章制度3.disposevt.處理；清除→____________n.去掉；清除；處理→____________adj.一次性的；用完即丟棄的4.inspectvt.檢查；視察；檢閱→____________n.檢查；查看；視察→____________n.檢查員；巡視員5.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許→____________adj.寬容的；容忍的→____________n.容忍1.conservevt.保存→conservationn.對(環(huán)境、文物等)保護；保持2.regulatevt.約束，控制，管理；調節(jié)→regulatorn.監(jiān)管者；監(jiān)管機構→regulationn.章程；規(guī)章制度3.disposevt.處理；清除→disposaln.去掉；清除；處理→disposableadj.一次性的；用完即丟棄的4.inspectvt.檢查；視察；檢閱→inspectionn.檢查；查看；視察→inspectorn.檢查員；巡視員5.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許→tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerancen.容忍三、閱讀詞匯識其義1.

volume

n.

____________________2.

garbage

n.

____________________3.

enterprise

n.

____________________4.

regulation

n.

____________________5.

disposal

n.

____________________6.

inspection

n.

____________________7.

waterway

n.

____________________8.

agenda

n.

____________________1.

volume

n.

量；體積；（成套書籍中的）一卷2.

garbage

n.

垃圾；廢物3.

enterprise

n.

公司；企業(yè)；事業(yè)4.

regulation

n.

章程；規(guī)章制度5.

disposal

n.

去掉；清除；處理6.

inspection

n.

檢查；查看；視察7.

waterway

n.

水道；航道8.

agenda

n.

議程表；議事日程Ⅱ.語塊記誦關(先填后記誦)

1.________________旅游勝地

2________________扔垃圾

3.________________越來愈多的游客

4.________________工商企業(yè)

5.________________恢復這河的本美

6.________________采取緊急措施

7.________________建造廢水處理設施

8.________________許多;很多

9.________________制定規(guī)章制度

10.________________進行檢查

11.________________因(做)某事而處罰某人/機構

12.________________子孫后代

13.________________在實施中;生效;實際上

14.________________開始生效/實施

15.________________邁向可持續(xù)的未來16.________________容忍這情形

1.atouristdestination 旅游勝地

2.throwgarbage 扔垃圾

3.anincreasingvolumeoftourists 越來愈多的游客

4.commercialandindustrialenterprises 工商企業(yè)

5.restoretheriver’soriginalbeauty 恢復這河的本美

6.takeanurgentstep/measure 采取緊急措施

7.constructthewastewatertreatmentfacilities 建造廢水處理設施

8.dozensof 許多;很多

9.setuparegulation 制定規(guī)章制度

10.carryoutaninspection 進行檢查

11.finesb/sthfor(doing)sth 因(做)某事而處罰某人/機構

12.generationstocome 子孫后代

13.ineffect 在實施中;生效;實際上

14.comeintoeffect\takeeffect 開始生效/實施

15.headtowardasustainablefuture 邁向可持續(xù)的未來16.toleratethesituation 容忍這情形Ⅲ.佳句賞析關1.Previously，waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists，manyofwhomfrequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.(“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞＋of＋whom”引導定語從句)以往，漓江的水質因為游客量的增長遭到了嚴重破壞，一些游客頻繁將垃圾扔入江中。2.Localofficialswereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironmentandfeltthaturgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.(并列賓語從句)當?shù)毓賳T擔心污染正在破壞自然環(huán)境，感到應該采取緊急措施恢復河流原有的美麗。3.Withthesemeasures，itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.(Itisbelievedthat...)有了這些措施，人們相信，漓江的美會被保留下來給后代。002語篇理解Step1Pre-readingLead-inWhatdoyouknowabouttheLiRiver?Haveyoueverbeenthere?LookatthepicturesandwhathadhappenedtotheLiRiver?DidyouknowtheLiRiverhadbeenoncepolluted?ReducingWaterPollutionintheLiRiver.Step2While-readingTask1:ReadandFind(wordsandlexicalchunks)ReducingWaterPollutionintheLiRiverThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurroundingsceneryis①________________________(最著名的旅游勝地之一)inChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.Itattractsmillionsofdomesticandforeignvisitorseachyear.Howeveritsreputationasatopdestination②__________________________(對……產生了負面影響)theriver’swaterquality.Thisreport③_______________(著眼于)theproblemofwaterpollutionandsomeactionsthathavebeentakentodealwithit.Previously,waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfromanincreasingvolumeoftourists,manyofwhomfrequently④________________________(把垃圾扔進江中).Manytourboats⑤_______________(導致)theproblemtoo.Kitchensonboardwereusinglotsofoil,whichwasoftenthrownintothewater.⑥_____________________(旅游業(yè)的增長)alsomeantthelocalpopulationroserapidly,aswellasthenumberofcommercialandindustrialenterprises.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdandcommercialwaste⑦__________________(最終流入河中).Inordertofeedmorepeople,⑧______________________(使用更多的化學藥品)toincreasecropproduction.Thesechemicals⑨________________________(導致嚴重的水質問題),causingadecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.Localofficialswereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironmentandfeltthat⑩______________________________________________(應當采取緊急措施)torestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.Acomprehensiveinitiativewasstarted,withanumberofmeasuresthat?_______________________(解決這些問題).Theconstructionof?___________________________(污水處理設施)improvedthewaterqualityandwaterconservation.Thecollectionandtransportofhouseholdwastewasalsoimproved.?____________________________(數(shù)十家污染企業(yè)被關閉)ormoved.Thelocalgovernment?________________________(制定了嚴格的規(guī)定)regardingfurtherindustrialdevelopment.Newruleswerealsointroducedregardingtourboatroutesand?________________(垃圾處理方法).Furthermore,thelocalauthoritiesbegantousethemediato?_____________________(宣傳環(huán)境意識)andencouragegreateruseofcleanenergy.Atthesametime,theystartedto?_____________________(進行定期檢查)andfinetouristorganisationsforabuses.Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.Inaddition,theambitious?______________(“水十條”)isalsonowtacklingwaterpollutionacrossthecountry.Otherinitiatives,suchasthe?_______________(“河長制”),holdseniorofficialsresponsibleforreducingwaterpollution.Withsuchcampaignsineffect,China’swaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanandsustainablefuture.答案oneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationshashadnegativeeffectsonlooksatthrewgarbageintotherivercontributedtoThegrowthintourismendingupintherivermorechemicalswereusedledtoseverewaterqualityissuesurgentstepsshouldbetakenaddressedtheissueswastewatertreatmentfacilitiesDozensofpollutingenterpriseswereclosedsetupstrictregulationsgarbagedisposalmethodsspreadenvironmentalawarenesscarryoutinspectionsregularly“WaterTenPlan”“RiverChiefSystem”Task2:ReadandThinkAnalyzetheorganizationandsumupthemainideaofeachparagraph.Paragraph1:IntroducingthetopicLiRiversuffersfromwaterpollutionduetotourismParagraph2:DescribingthewaterpollutionThrowgarbage;growthoftourism;cookingoil;chemicalsParagraph3:Presentingsomeactionstreatmentfacilities;improve;close;setup,introduce,spread,carryout,fineParagraph4:Presentingfurtheractions“WaterTenPlan”&“RiverChiefSystem”Step3SummaryParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4IntroducingthetopicDescribingtheproblemPresentingsomesolutionsPresentingfurthersolutionsStep4Writing為迎接世界環(huán)境日的到來，我校英語社團舉行征稿活動，要求我們就身邊的環(huán)境問題以及建議的解決方案寫一份英文報告，登在校報英語欄目。現(xiàn)在很多家庭都有寵物，但因為寵物飼養(yǎng)特別是寵物狗不斷給居民帶來麻煩，這個問題非常突出，確實該引起重視。Brainstorm:HowtowriteareportonanenvironmentalissueParagraph1__________Paragraph2__________Paragraph3__________Paragraph4__________參考答案Paragraph1Topickeeppets;dangerous,havenegativeeffectsParagraph2Problemgrabthepaths,stepinit,runamok,threats,exercisedogs,dogfights,poopeverywhereParagraph3Measurestakesomemeasures,keepthedogonarope,pickupthemess,theguidelines,fine,impoundParagraph4Furthersolutionsastrictcontrol,alongtermsolution,permits,aspecificareaFinishthedraftPara.1Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,__________(養(yǎng)寵物)isbecomingpopular.Inmylocalcommunitythere’sarealproblemwithdogs.Toomanypeoplenowkeepthemaspets.Smallones,bigones,cuteonesand____________(危險的)ones.They_______________________(產生了負面影響)onresident’slife.keepingpets;dangerous,havehadnegativeeffectsPara.2Inourcompoundthedogsareconstantly________________(搶占路面)andit’salmostpossibleto__________(踩著它們)sometime.Thebeastsoften___________(胡作非為)andare__________(威脅)toyoungchildren.Oftenregulargroupsofownersmeetto_______________(遛狗)andoftenthereare___________(小狗打架).Themajorityofownersdon’tactresponsiblysothatthedogs_______________(到處拉便)overourcommunity.Alotofgreenpublicareasandfacilitieswereoriginallyestablishedfortheyoungandoldtoenjoy,buttheseareasalsoattractdogsandtheirowners,______makesthemlessattractivefornon-dogowners.grabbingthepaths,stepinthem,runamok,threats,exercisethedogs,dogfights,poopeverywhere,whichPara.3_______________________________________(物業(yè)部門采取了一些措施).Someguidelinesareintroduced,suchasaskingtheownersto___________________(用繩拴住狗)and__________________(收拾狗便)madebytheirlittledarlings.Theseare_____________(無效的)attimesasthepopulationofdogsisincreasingand______________(指導方針)areignoredbyowners.Themanagementofficestartedto___________________(實施檢查)regularlyand_______(罰款)thosewhoignoretheguidelines.Dogsnotonaleashshould______________(被沒收).Themanagementofficehastakensomemeasures,keepthedogonarope,pickingupthemess,theguidelines,carryoutinspections,fine,beimpoundedPara.4Inthefuturethereshouldbe_________________(嚴格控制)onthenumberofdogs._______________________(長期解決方案)isthattheresponsibleownersarepermittedtokeepdogs.Inaddition,_______________________________(設定特定區(qū)域)fordogwalking.Onlyinthiswaycanourcommunitybecomeabetterplaceforeveryonetoenjoy.astrictcontrol,alongtermsolution,aspecificareashouldbesetup范文PetsorpestsWiththeimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,keepingpetsisbecomingpopular.Inmylocalcommunitythere’sarealproblemwithdogs.Toomanypeoplenowkeepthemaspets.Smallones,bigones,cuteonesanddangerousones.Theyhavehadnegativeeffectsonresident’slife.Inourcompoundthedogsareconstantlygrabbingthepathsandit’salmostpossibletostepinthemsometime.Thebeastsoftenrunamokandarethreatstoyoungchildren.Oftenregulargroupsofownersmeettoexercisethedogsandoftentherearedogfights.Themajorityofownersdon’tactresponsiblysothatthedogspoopeverywhereoverourcommunity.Alotofgreenpublicareasandfacilitieswereoriginallyestablishedfortheyoungandoldtoenjoy,buttheseareasalsoattractdogsandtheirowners,whichmakesthemlessattractivefornon-dogowners.Themanagementofficehastakensomemeasures.Someguidelinesareintroduced,suchasaskingtheownerstokeepthedogonaropeandpickingupthemessmadebytheirlittledarlings.Theseareineffectiveattimesasthepopulationofdogsisincreasingandtheguidelinesareignoredbytheowners.Themanagementofficestartedtocarryoutinspectionsregularlyandfinethosewhoignoretheguidelines.Dogsnotonaleashshouldbeimpounded.Inthefuturethereshouldbeastrictcontrolonthenumberofdogs.Alongtermsolutionisthattheresponsibleownersarepermittedtokeepdogs.Inaddition,aspecificareashouldbesetupfordogwalking.Onlyinthiswaycanourcommunitybecomeabetterplaceforeveryonetoenjoy.Step4Homework1.Recitethepossibleversion.(Petsorpests)2.Yourownpossibleversionaboutlitteringintheclassroom.(Optional)3.Project:Prepareanenvironmentalproposal.(Optional)003語言學習Part1核心詞匯lookat看；瀏覽；檢查、察看；(為了作決定而)仔細考慮、研究；思考；著眼于【學以致用】寫出下列句中l(wèi)ookat的意思。Youshouldgetthedoctortolookatyourwound._________WouldyoumindlookingatmyreporttoseeifI’vemadeanyerrors?_________Thecompanyislookingatwaystoreducewaste._________檢查、察看，看看，尋找volumeU音量C&U(巨大的、正在增加的)量、總量C容量、容積、體積C(書)卷、冊【學以致用】寫出下列句中volume的意思。Canyouturnthevolumeup?_________ThevolumeoftrafficontheroadsisincreasingastheSpringFestivalisapproaching._________Thelibraryhasalargevolumeofbooksonhistory._________Thevolumeofthecontainermeasures10,000cubicmetres._________音量，量、總量，大量的歷史書籍，容量contributetovt.&vi.捐助；把……用于……;撰稿、投稿vi.促成、造成【學以致用】單句語法填空Volunteerscontributetheirtime_________helpingthoseinneed.Alcohol_________100,000deathsayearintheUS.to,contributestoendup(后接-ing或介詞短語等)(經歷意外后)最終處于……(狀態(tài)、處境、結果)【學以致用】單句語法填空Mostslimmersendup_________(put)weightbackon.JoeBiddenmaynotendup_________thenextPresidentofUSA.putting,asregardingprep.(=concerning,withregardto)關于、至于【用法歸納】分詞介詞：assuming,including,concerning,considering,respecting,excluding,given,provided【學以致用】單句語法填空Callmeifyouhaveanyproblems_________(regard)yourwork.Ihaveaquestion_________(regard)yourearliercomments.Theteachertalkedtothestudents_________(regard)theirhomework.regarding,regarding,regarding6.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許→tolerancen.寬??；忍耐；容忍→tolerantadj.忍耐的；寬容的【用法歸納】tolerate(sb)doingsth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事betolerantof/towardssb/sth容忍/寬容某人/某事【學以致用】單句語法填空/補全句子①Ifneighborswanttogetalongwellwitheachother，theyhavetoshowtheir_________(tolerate).②Insteadofblamingthechild，shegavehima_________(tolerate)smileandlethimgo.③___________________________________，acampaignistobelaunchedtomakestudentsrealizetheimportanceofhonesty.(倡議書)由于無法容忍學生在考試中作弊，我們將發(fā)起一場活動讓學生意識到誠信的重要性。tolerance,tolerant,AswecannottoleratestudentscheatinginexamsPart2核心句型Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，withmorehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver.水污染水平上升，更多的家庭和商業(yè)廢物最終流入河中?！窘馕觥縲ith復合結構構成：with+賓語+賓補句法功能：常在句中作狀語，表示原因、方式、時間、條件或伴隨等。（1）with+賓語+形容詞Welayinbedwiththewindowopen，chewinggum.（2）with+賓語+副詞Shewentouttobuyvinegar，withthetelevisionon.（3）with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（表示主動或正在進行）Iwasnearlyfrozenwiththefreezingwindblowing.（4）with+賓語+過去分詞（表示被動或已經完成）Withalltheworkfinished，hehurriedtothemall.（5）with+賓語+動詞不定式（表示尚未發(fā)生）Withsomanycurtainstomake，Ican’tgoonholiday.（6）with+賓語+介詞短語Hecameinwithaneedleinhishand.【學以致用】單句語法填空（1）Withairpollution__________（get）worse,thegovernmentneedstocomeupwithsomeeffectivemeasurestodealwithit.（2）Withalotofproblems__________（settle),Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.（3）Witheverythingsheneeded__________(buy),shewenthomehappily.（4）Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog__________（follow）them.（5）Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready__________（lay）foramealtobecooked.【答案】getting,tosettle,bought,following,laidUrgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.必須采取緊急措施以恢復漓江昔日之美。【解析】（sb）takesteps/measures/actionstodosth.（主動句型）（某人）采取措施做某事（steps/measures/actions）betakentodosth.（被動句型）采取措施做某事【學以致用】翻譯我們應該采取緊急措施以改善水質。________________________________________________________________________必須采取緊急措施以改善水質。________________________________________________________________________Weshouldtakeurgentstepstoimprovethewaterquality.Urgentstepsshouldbetakentoimprovethewaterquality.3.Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedforgenerationstocome.有了這些措施，人們相信麗江的美麗將會被保存下來，留給子孫后代?！窘馕觥縄t+be+過去分詞+that...句型常用于此舉行的過去分詞或短語有believed,said,reported,thought,hoped,suggested,known,estimated,proved,pointedout.【學以致用】翻譯______________________agoodeducationisbeneficialtoyoungpeople.人們通常認為良好的教育對年輕人是有益的。______________________themayorwillvisitourschoolnextweek.據報道，市長下周要來參觀我們的學校。Itisgenerallybelievedthat,Itisreportedthat【拓展】It做形式主語的其他句型：①It+be+adj.+todosth./從句Itwasprettyhardforhimtobringupthechildonhisown.獨自撫養(yǎng)那個孩子對于他來說很難。②It+be+名詞詞組+todosth./從句Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.你昨天沒去看那部電影真遺憾。③It+seems/appears/happens/occurstosb./...+從句Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.他似乎非常喜歡流行歌曲。④It+takes/tooksb.Sometime+todosth.IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.從上海乘飛機去新西蘭花了他14個小時。⑤Itisnouse/nogood/nopleasure/(no)fun/useless/awasteoftime/...+doingsth.做某事沒用處/沒好處/沒有樂趣/沒用處/是浪費時間...Itisnousepretendingyoudidnotknow.你裝糊涂是無濟于事的。4.Wecanallbreathemorefreelynowthatthenaturalbeautyofourvillagehasbeen...因為我們村莊天然的美已被...,我們都能更自由地呼吸....【解析】Nowthat意為“既然，由于”，用作連詞，引導原因狀語從句，相當于since。【學以致用】翻譯既然來巴黎了，咱們就參觀一下埃菲爾鐵塔吧。____________________________________________________________________________Nowthatwe’vecometoParis,let’svisittheEiffelTower.004隨堂小練Part1動詞的形式變化和詞形轉換1.Theteacherwalkedaroundinspectingthestudents’workandthe__________(inspect)couldmakethemmorefocused.2.Water__________(conserve)issoimportantthatwemustpaymuchattentiontoconservingourdrinkingwater.3.Thepessimisticbusinessmanadvertisedhisgoodsinadishonestway，thusgetting__________(fine).4.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased，withmorehouseholdandcommercialwaste__________(end)upintheriver.5.WithoutmyEnglishteacher’sencouragementandassistance，I__________(give)upstudyingEnglish.6.Policeareadvisingpeople__________(stay)athome.

7.Withsuchcampaigns__________effect,Chinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.

8.Dozens__________milesofrailwaytrackhavebeentornup.

inspection,conservation,fined,ending,wouldhavegiven,tostay,in,ofPart2課文語法填空REDUCINGWATERPOLLUTIONINTHELIRIVERThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazing__________(surround)sceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.__________attractsmillionsofdomesticandforeignvisitorseachyear.However,itsreputationasatopdestinationhashadnegativeeffects__________theriver’swaterquality.Thisreportlooksattheproblemofwaterpollutionandsomeactionsthathavebeentaken__________(deal)withit.Previously,waterqualityintheLiRiverhadsufferedgreatlyfroman__________(increase)volumeoftourists,manyof__________frequentlythrewgarbageintotheriver.Manytourboatscontributedtotheproblemtoo.Kitchens__________boardwereusinglotsofoil,whichwasoftenthrownintothewater.Thegrowthintourismalsomeantthelocalpopulationroserapidly,aswellas__________numberofcommercialandindustrialenterprises.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,__________morehouseholdandcommercialwasteendingupintheriver.Inordertofeedmorepeople,morechemicalswereused__________(increase)cropproduction.Thesechemicalsledtoseverewaterqualityissues,causingadecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.Local__________(official)wereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironment__________feltthaturgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.Acomprehensiveinitiativewasstarted,withanumberofmeasures__________addressedtheissues.Theconstructionofwastewatertreatment__________(facility)improvedthewaterqualityandwaterconservation.Thecollectionandtransportofhouseholdwastewasalsoimproved.Dozensof__________(pollute)enterpriseswereclosedormoved.Thelocalgovernmentsetupstrictregulations__________(regard)furtherindustrialdevelopment.Newruleswerealsointroducedregardingtourboatroutesandgarbagedisposalmethods.Furthermore,thelocalauthoritiesbegantousethemediatospread__________(environment)awarenessandencouragegreateruseofcleanenergy.Atthesametime,theystartedtocarryoutinspectionsregularly__________finetouristorganizationsforabuses.Withthesemeasures,itisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiver__________(preserve)forgenerationstocome.Inaddition,the__________(ambition)“WaterTenPlan”isalsonowtacklingwaterpollutionacrossthecountry.Otherinitiatives,suchasthe“RiverChiefSystem”,holdseniorofficials__________(responsibility)forreducingwaterpollution.Withsuchcampaigns__________effect,China’swaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanand__________(sustain)future.surrounding,It,on,todeal,increasing,whom,on,the,with,toincrease,officials,and,that,facilities,polluting,regarding,environmental,and,willbepreserved,ambitious,responsible,in,sustainable005培優(yōu)提升一、閱讀理解AForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,moon,andstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthenaturalworld.Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdstocitieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble(緩行)awayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals(珊瑚)intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawning(產卵)observations,researcherswereabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlitcorals.“Thatshiftmayreducethesurvivalandfertilizationsuccessofgametes(配子)andgeneticconnectivitybetweennearbylitandunlitcoralsystems,”theyexplain.“Coralsareamongthemostbiodiverse,economicallyimportant,andthreatenedecosystemsontheplanet,”writetheauthorsofthestudy.“Climatechangehasledtomassbleaching(褪色)events.Habitatdestruction,fisheries,andpollutionhavereducedcoralssubstantiallysincethe1950s,”theywrite,adding,“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.”IfwewanttoreducetheharmALANiscausing,wecouldperhapslooktodelaytheswitching-onofnight-timelightingincoastalregionstoensurethenaturaldarkperiodbetweensunsetandmoonrisewhencoralreproductionremainsundisturbed.1．Whyisthefirstparagraphwritten?A．Topresentthetopicofthetext. B．Toadvocateenergyconservation.C．Toexplainanaturalphenomenon. D．Toprovidebackgroundinformation.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimum”inparagraph2mean?A．Possible. B．Appropriate. C．Flexible. D．Sensitive.3．Whatistheresearchers’majorconcernovercorals?A．Extinction. B．Losingvalue.C．Terriblediseases. D．Exposuretomoonlight.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CreaturesRelyonNaturalLightstoScheduleTheirLifeB．Night-timeLightingShortensNaturalDarkPeriodC．CoastalLightsTrickCoralsintoEarlySpawningD．LightPollutionLeadstoSeriousConsequencesBTheclimateemergencydemandsactionfromallofus.Weneedtogettonetzerogreenhousegasemissionsby2050andeveryonehasaroletoplay.5.TransformyourtransportTransportaccountsforaroundaquarterofallgreenhousegasemissionsglobally.Manygovernmentsareimplementingpoliciestodecarbonizetravel.Youcangetaheadstart:leaveyourcarathomeandwalkorcyclewheneverpossible.6.Ifyoumustdrive,offertocarpoolwithotherssothatfewercarsareontheroad.ReduceyourpoweruseIfyoucan,switchtoazero-carbonorrenewableenergyprovider.Installsolarpanelsonyourroof.7.Switchoffappliancesandlightswhenyouarenotusingthem.Betteryet,buythemostefficientproductsinthefirstplace.Don’twastefood8.Peoplegloballywaste1billiontonnesoffoodeachyear,whichaccountsforaround8–10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Avoidwastebyonlybuyingwhatyouneed.Takeadvantageofeveryediblepartofthefoodsyoupurchase.Becreativewithleftovers,shareextraswithyourfriendsandneighbors,andcontributetoalocalfood-sharingscheme.9.Everyyear,approximately12millionhectaresofforestaredestroyed.Thisdeforestation,combinedwithagricultureandotherlandusechanges,isresponsibleforroughly25percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Wecanallplayapartinchangingthistrendbyplantingtrees,eitherindividuallyoraspartofacollective.A．PlanttreesB．Eatplant-basedmealsC．BuyfewernewclothesandwearthemlongerD．Ifthedistancesaretoofar,choosepublictransportE．TurnyourheatingdownadegreeortwoifpossibleF．One-thirdofallfoodproducediseitherlostorwastedG．Herearefourwaysyoucanhelpfighttheclimatecrisis二、應用文寫作六月八日為聯(lián)合國指定的世界海洋日，由于海洋污染越來越嚴重，假定你是校學生會的主席李華，請用英語為學校寫一篇關于“保護海洋”的倡議信。內容包括：1.海洋污染嚴重；2.保護海洋的重要性及措施；3.提出倡議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dearschoolmates,IamLiHua,Chairmanofthestudents’union.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua1．D2．B3．A4．C【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了海濱城市的照明對珊瑚的影響。這些照明產生的光會使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚產卵早，從而對其產生不利影響。1．推理判斷題。根據第一段內容“ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,moon,andstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthenaturalworld.Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdstocitieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble(緩行)awayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.(在地球上生命的歷史中，生物一直依靠太陽、月亮和星星的光來找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。雖然19世紀末開始的電燈可能給人類帶來了好處，但它也給自然界帶來了問題。在夜間人造光(ALAN)的影響中，光污染將候鳥吸引到城市，帶來令人震驚的后果，導致昆蟲數(shù)量驚人的下降，并使海龜寶寶遠離水而不是靠近水。)”可知，文章第一段介紹了始于19世末的人造光源對自然產生的不好的影響，結合第二段“Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals(珊瑚)intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.(現(xiàn)在，普利茅斯大學