北京市朝陽區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題2

北京市朝陽區(qū)2023~2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測高一英語(考試時(shí)間100分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Onawinterafternoon,afriendandIwerethrowingstonesontotheroofofanoldlady’shouse.Weaimedtoseehowthestones___1___tofallingstarsastheyrolledofftheroofandshotintotheyard.Ifoundaperfectlysmoothrock.Itwastoosmooth,however,soitslipped(滑落)frommyhandasIthrewitandit___2___forasmallwindowofthehouse.Hearingthesoundofbreakingglass,IknewIwas___3___.Iwastooscaredaboutgettingcaughtthatnighttobe___4___abouttheoldladywiththebrokenwindowinsuchacoldwinter.However,afewdayslater,Istartedtofeelsorryforher___5___.Shestillgreetedmeeachdaywithasmile.ImadeupmymindthatIwouldsavemypaperdeliverymoneytomakeupforwhatIdid.Finally,Imadeit.IputthemoneyinanenvelopewithanoteexplainingthatIwassorryforbreakingherwindowandhopedthatthesevendollarswouldbeenoughto___6___thecost.Iwaiteduntilitwasdark.Iwentuptoherhouse___7___andputtheletterIdidn’tsigninherdoorinsecret.Atthatmoment,IfeltthatIcouldhavethe___8___,onceagain,tolookintotheoldlady’skindeyes.Thenextday,Ihandedherthepaperandwasableto___9___herwarmsmile.Shethankedmeandgavemeabagofcookies.Afterseveralcookies,Ifeltanenvelope.WhenIopenedit,Iwas____10____toseethesevendollarsandashortnotethatsaid,“I’mproudofyou.”1.A.ran B.jumped C.changed D.added2.A.waited B.headed C.looked D.called3.A.introuble B.intears C.inrelief D.indanger4.A.nervous B.careful C.serious D.concerned5.Achallenge B.suffering C.pressure D.sadness6.A.cover B.cut C.raise D.count7.A.humbly B.painfully C.quietly D.proudly8.Apatience B.desire C.courage D.inspiration9.A.record B.return C.reward D.realize10.A.eager B.excited C.stressed D.surprised第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題，每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組，并使用其正確形式填空。duetobeaddictedtoliveuptoratherthanmakeanefforttakeadvantageofrepresenthaveanimpactonenabledealwith11.Theredlinesonthemap______railways.12.Thismoneywould_____metoopenmyownbusiness.13.Thesmokeintheairwas______awildfireinthenearbyforest.14.Youshould______thehotel’sgymandpoolwhileyou’rethere.15.One’sgeneralknowledgeabouthealth______theirlifestylechoices.16Tim______coffeeandcan’tdoanythinginthemorninguntilhe’shadsome.17.Thegirlhasfailedto______theproblemofhomesicknesswhiletravelingabroad.18.Afterlosingthegame,he______tohidehisdisappointment,butweallsawitinhisface.19.We’veheardlotsofgoodnewsabouttherestaurantanditsfood______ourexpectationtoo.20.______drivingaroundalldaylookingforplacestopark,whydon’tyoutakeabusintotown?第三節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式琪空。21.Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor________viewsarewidelyrespected.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）22.Thelittlegirl______(cry)herheartoutbecauseshehadlosthertoybear.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)23.Tomwasmyleaderandhepromisedthathe______(help)meifnecessary.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)24.Wewere______(amaze)toseeJohnlookingsowell,sosoonafterhisoperation.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)25.WhenIwenttopayhimavisitinthehospital,he______(examine)bythedoctor.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)26.Heimaginedallsortsof______(excite)thingsaboutstudyingandlivingincollege.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)27.Afteraheateddiscussion,wecameupwiththeway______(solve)thefundingproblem.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)28.WhenababyisonemontholdinChina,aFullMoonceremony______(hold)tocelebrateit.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)29.Theywereimpressedbytheschools______theyhadvisitedinthepoorvillageanddecidedtohelpthem.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)30.Itisabigchallenge______(find)andkeeptherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsites.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATePapaTongarewaTePapaTongarewaisthemuseumofart,science,andthenaturalhistoryofNewZealand.Thenametranslatesto“ourcontaineroftreasuredthingsandpeoplethatspringfrommotherearthhereinNewZealand”.TePapaisopeneverydayfrom10amto6pm,exceptonChristmasDay.Admissionisfreeforeveryone,butchargesapplytocertainexhibitionsandevents.·GuidedtoursIntroducingTePapaTourwillgiveyouagreatopportunitytounderstandthevariousviewsandculturesyouwillmeetthroughoutNewZealand.TePapa@TwilightTourisanexcellentchoicetoavoidthecrowdsanddiscoverTePapa’shighlightsasthesunbeginstoset.Youcandiscussourdiversenaturalenvironment,andthecontinuedgrowthofMaoriculturewithaprivateguide.TakeajourneywithMaoriExperienceKinakiTour,todiscoverhowfirstpeoplesofthelandhaveformeduniquefoodsprovidedbythenaturalworld.Thetourwillconcludewithasharedkai,traditionallyinspiredfoodtasting.·PlananeducationvisitIfyouareaneducator,choosefromourrangeofeducationprogrammes.Eachcanbeadaptedtoyourneeds.Bothinpersonandvirtualvisitsareaccessible.Weremendbookingatleasttwoweeksaheadoftime.Duringthevisit,werequireyoutobringadultstosupervise(管理)studentscloselyasyouareresponsiblefortheirsafety.Foodanddrinks(exceptbottledwater)arenotallowedinexhibitionareasSchoolsareweletoeatlunchintheoutdoorcourtyard.Youmayalsochoosetobuylunchesfromourcaféandareweletousecafespacetoeat.31.Accordingtothepassage,TePapaTongarewa______.A.showslocalcollections B.isfullofworldwidetreasuresC.hostsalltheeventsforfree D.isopenthewholeyearround32.WhichtripofTePapaofferstypicaltraditionalfood?A.IntroducingTePapaTour. B.TePapa@TwilightTour.C.Aneducationprogramme. D.MaoriExperienceKinakiTour.33.ForaneducationvisittoTePapa_____.A.bookingaweekaheadisrequired B.themuseumensuresstudents’safelyC.eatinginexhibitionareasisaccepted D.themuseumsupportspersonalizedserviceBHanselEnmanuel,a19yearoldbasketballplayer,hasdrawnattentionaftervideosspreadquicklyshowinghisawesomeskills,likemaking3pointshotsanddunking(灌籃)withease.Allwithjusthisrightarm.Itlooksalmosteffortlesswhenheplays.However,it’snot.Itneverhasbeen.Enmanuelwas6whenhewasclimbingawall.Itfelloverhim,bricksandblocksonhisleftarm.Hewasrushedtothehospital,butthedoctorcouldn’tsavehisarmanditwascutoffseveralinchesbelowtheshoulder.ItwasadarktimeforEnmanuelandhisfamily.Slowlythingsgotbetterforthelittleboy.Hestillremembersthefirsttimehetiedhisshoes.Just7,Enmanuelwaswaitingforhismothertodoitforhim,butshewasbusycooking.“Iwaslike,nevermind,I’mgoingtostart,”hesaidinarecentinterview.“Itoldmyselfletmetry.Iwastrying.ThenImadeit.”“SoIwasexcited,excitedlikecrazy,”headded.Smallthingsbecamehugevictories.Monthsafterthat,Enmanueltriedbasketball,too.Butit’snotaneasypath.Hismissingarmlefthimlackingbalance.Everytimehetriedtorun,he’dcrashtotheground,fallingondebris(碎片)coveredacrossthecourtsheplayedon.Thesefallslefthimwithnumerousscars(疤痕).Intheinterview,Enmanuelpointedtothescarafterscardownthelengthoftheleg,remindersofahardtimethathasbroughthimtoexcellenceinbasketballskills.Enmanuelfirstdunkedat14,anditwasn’tlongbeforehispopularitygrewwiththeviewsonhisvideos.Butitwasn’tthehighlightvideosthatinterestedhiscoach,CoreyGipson.HelikedEnmanuel’sattitudeandthewayhecarriedhimselfonthecourt.“Hanselisaverytoughperson,”Gipsonsaid.“Whenyouseehimonthefloor,youjustseeanunstoppableforcethatdoesn’ttakeanythingforgranted(理所應(yīng)當(dāng)).”“I’mnotspecial,”Enmanuelsaid.“I’mnotdifferentthannobody.TheonlydifferenceisthatI’vegotonearm,butthat’snotdifferent.”34.WhatfirstencouragedEnmanueltorecoverfromtheaccident?A.Thehelpfromhisdoctor. B.Managingtotiehisshoes.C.Videosonhisshotsanddunking. D.Theattentionfromhismother.35.Enmanuelpointedtoscarsonhislegmainlytoshowhis______.A.success B.health C.efforts D.petence36.WhatinterestedEnmanuel’scoachmost?A.Hisresponsetodifficulties. B.Hisgreatsenseofbalance.C.Hisconfidenceonthecourt. D.Hispopularityonsocialmedia.37.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.B.Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D.Youcanmakeadifferencebybeingdifferent.CEarlierfindingsaboutsharkshaveshownthattheycouldlearnskillsfromeachother.Recently,VeraSchluesselattheUniversityofBonninGermanyandhercolleagueshavedoneresearchonhowwell12bamboosharkscouldrecognize(認(rèn)出)differentnumbersofobjects.Eachsharkwasputinatrainingpoolwithpicturesoftwodifferentgroupsofgeometric(幾何圖形的)shapesprojectedontoawallTheteamthencycledthroughatleast40objectsofdifferentshapesandshadestoensurethesharksweren’tsimplypickinguponthedarknessoftheobjectsortheareaofwalltheycovered.Aroundhalfthesharkslearnedtoreliablypresstheirnoseagainsttheimagewiththemostobjects,afterwhichtheywererewardedwithfood.Thesesharksonlyseemedabletopickoutthebiggergroupifitcontainedatleasttwomoreobjectsthanthesmallerone.Thismaybebecausethedifferencebetweensixandsevenfishorpredators(捕食者)isunimportantinthewild,saysSchluessel.Thereasonnotallthesharkslearnedhowtodothetaskcouldbethatthey,likeallanimals,havedifferencesinintelligence(智力).Sharksjoinagrowingnumberofanimalsthathavebeendiscoveredtohavesimilarskillsatdistinguishingquantities,includingblackbears,guppiesandrhesusmonkeys.Inoneexperiment,dogsandwolveswereabletoreliablypickthelargeroftwogroups.Butdogscouldonlydosowhenoneofthegroupshadfarmoreobjects.Somesharkspeciesaresociallearnersandcanperformataskinatankmorequicklyiftheywatchanothersharkthathasalreadybeentrainedtodoit.Thischallengestheimageofsharksasmindless,solitarycreatures.Justlikehumans,sharkslearnfromtheirownexperiencesandfailures.Andjustaswedo,sharkscanlearnfromeachother’sexperiencestoo,saysCatarinaVilaPoucaatMacquarieUniversityinAustralia.“Beingabletolearnfromothersisenormouslybeneficial.Notonlydoesitsavetime,butwatchinganothershark’ssuccessatfeedingorfailuretoescapepredatorscouldbeamatteroflifeordeath.”Schluesselandhercolleagueshavealsopreviouslyfoundthatbamboosharkshaveanadvancedabilitytorecognizecategories,suchassnailsorfish,enablingthemtogetatreatevenifpictureslookremarkablysimilar.Thisissimilartoourabilitytolookatagoldfishandasalmonandknowthattheyarethesametypeofthing,eventhoughoneis30timesthesizeoftheother.38.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesharksintherecentresearch?A.Theyaretrainedtorecognizetheshapes.B.Theyarecapableoftellingmorefromless.C.Theycanidentifyobjectsduetotherewards.D.Theyarenobetterthandogsintellingnumbers.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solitary”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Selfish. B.Lonely. C.Risky. D.Lazy.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowhowsharkslearnfromeachother.B.Toexplainhowsharksandhumansarealike.C.Toprovethatsharksaresmarterthantheylook.D.Topresenttheimportanceofnumbersforsharks.DDespitedecadesofresearch,disordersofthebrainhaveprovedespeciallydifficulttotreat.Thereisschizophrenia(精神分裂癥),whichhasnotseenabreakthroughformorethan60years,sincethediscoveryofchlorpromazine—whichhappenedlargelybychance.Butthestoryofchlorpromazineoffersapowerfullesson:originallyanantihistamine(抗過敏藥),itwasrepurposedasamedicineforschizophrenia.Asascientistwhohasstudiedschizophreniafordecades,Iamconvincedthatwecouldhavesimilarsuccesseswithothermedicinesalreadyonourshelves.BecauseanexistingdrughasalreadypassedFoodandDrugAdministrationtests(FDAapproved),successfullyrepurposingitcouldtakelessthanhalfoftheestimated13yearsandsignificantlylessthantheaverage$2billionto$3billioncostofdevelopingasingledrugfromnothing.ThethousandsofFDAapproveddrugsthusrepresentavastresourcethatcanpossiblybeadaptedtotargetanynumberofconditions.Butthispossibilityislargelyunexplored,inpartbecausedrugpaniesalwayshavetorestructuretheirResearchandDevelopment(R&D)programstolookatotherdiseases.TherearealsothousandsofdrugsthatarenotFDAapproved.Whenapanydiscontinuesdevelopmentofadrug,whateverresearchersknowislockedupinthatpany’sfilesandmightaswellbelost.Scientistsneedaccess(使用機(jī)會(huì))tothisinformation.Ifthisinformationcouldbedirectedintoacentralizedresource,itwouldbegreatnews.Researcherscouldemploythelatesttoolsinbioinformatics,datascienceandmachinelearningtouncovermonmolecular(分子的)themesamongorbetweendiseasesandpromisingdrugs.Yetmanydrugpaniesarestillunwillingtorevealanythingthatmightputtheircopyrightsatrisk.Evenacademicsmayhesitatetosharewithpetinglaboratories.Tocopewiththis,organizationsliketheFDAmustdevelopmotivationsforsharingdata,suchasbycreatinglegalsafeguardsforprivacyandmercialinterests.Thesemotivationscouldthenopenthefloodgatesforeasytouse,openplatformsforefficientlysharingandminingdata.Thiswouldnothavebeenpossiblefiveyearsago.Butnowisacriticalmoment,andwehaveneverbeenclosertorealbreakthroughs.Inmylab,wearetestingcertaincancerdrugsthatrestoresomeofthebiologicalprocessesthataredisturbedinschizophrenia.Wewanttoseeifthedrugshavethesamerestorativefeaturesinthebraincellsofschizophreniapatients.Thisisaproofoftheideathatasystematicandstrategicapproachtodrugrepurposingcouldactuallymovetheneedle.Thereisnotimetowaste.Whatweneediscooperationfromdrugpaniesandacademicscientistsalike—andaccesstothelifesavingdatatheyhold.41.Whydoestheauthormentionchlorpromazineinthefirstparagraph?A.Tostressthedifficultyintreatingbraindisorders.B.Toexplainmedicalprogresscouldhappenbyluck.C.TointroduceamedicinebreakthroughinmedicalhistoryD.Toshowamedicineforacertainillnesscantreatanotherdisease.42.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Informationarisingfromdrugdevelopmentcanbewasted.B.Theundevelopedfunctionsofpresentmedicinesareovervalued.C.WeshouldtreasureFDAapproveddrugsmorethantheunapproved.D.Studyingexistingdrugsismorelikelytosucceedthandevelopingnewones.43.Asfordrugpanies’beingunwillingtoshare,theauthoris_______.A.supportive B.negative C.understanding D.uncertain44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.NewDrugsfromOld B.AccesstoLifesavingDataC.BetweenDrugpaniesandScientists. D.BeforeandAfterMedicalBreakthroughs第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Formanypeople,beingconnectedinthedigitalworldisjustapartpfeverydaylife.However,therearemanytimeswhenyoumightwanttogiveupyourdigitaldevices.____45____Whatisadigitaldetox?Adigitaldetoxreferstoaperiodwhenapersonstopsusingtechdevicessuchassmartphones,puters,andsocialmedia.Itisoftenseenasawaytofocusonreallifesocialinteractionswithoutdisturbing.Thereareavarietyofformsofdetoxing.____46____Also,youcantryaspecificdetox—limitingtheuseofoneappordigitaltoolthatistakinguptoomuchofyourtime.Whydoyouneedadigitaldetox?Manyexpertsbelievethattechanddeviceoverusecanleadtophysicalandmentalproblems.OnestudypublishedonGlobalPediatricHealthsuggestedthatchildrenwhouseddigitaldevicesatbedtimehadsignificantlyworseandlesssleep.____47____Besides,heavydeviceusemayberelatedtomentalhealthconcerns.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniarecentlypublishedastudylinkingtheuseofsocialmediatoincreasedstresslevelandsymptoms(癥狀)ofdepressionandloneliness.____48____Formanypeople,pletelygivingupallformsofdigitalmunicationmightnotbepossible,particularlythosewhodependonthemforworkorschool.So,thefirstkeyistoberealistic.Ifyouneedyourdevicesduringthedayforyourjob,trydoingaminidetoxatnight.____49____Anotherwayistoremovethingsthatdisturbyou.Trytoturnoffpushnotifications(通知)onyourphoneorleaveyourphoneathomewhenyouarehavingdinnerwithfriends.Ofcourse,youcanalsotellyourfriendsandfamilythatyouareonadigitaldetoxandaskfortheirhelp,orkeepajournaltotrackyourprogresstoensureamoresuccessfuldetox.A.Howdoyoudoadigitaldetox?B.Inthiscase,youmightaswelltryadigitaldetox.C.Whatarethekeystogivingupalldigitalmunication?D.Italsofoundaconnectionbetweennighttimetechuseandeyesightproblem.E.Doingaminidetoxisonewaytosetlimitsandreduceyourfearofmissingout.F.Duringthattime,youcanturnoffyourdevicesandspendaneveningfreeofelectronics.G.Oneofthemisadigitalfast,whichmeansgivingupalldigitaldevicesforaperiodoftime.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第50、51題各2分，第52題3分，第53題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Nowadays,peoplearespendingmorehoursonwork.However,takingsometimeoffisimportantforrefreshingyourselves.Ifyou’rehavingtroublemakingtimeforabreak,therecentresearchbytheUCLA’sAndersonSchoolsuggeststhattreatingyourweekendslikeavacationcanmakeyouhappier.Thefindingsarebasedonaseriesofexperiments.Inonestudyof441workers,halfofthetestsubjectswereinstructedtohaveanormalweekend,whiletheothershadto“treattheirweekendlikeavacation.”ThenextMonday,theweekendvacationersreportedthattheyfelthappierandweregenerallymoresatisfiedthanthosewhohadhadanormalweekend.Thevacationersalsoreportedtheyspentmoremoneyinvacationmode—about$130paredto$104.Butitwasn’tthemoneythatboughtthemhappiness.Theresearcherscontrolledfortheamountofmoneybothgroupscouldspend.Thevacationerswerestillhappierthantheoneswhohadexperienceda