高中英語 名詞性從句講解

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名詞性從句

PART1

完成以下題目，并分別指出它們是什么從句

1.thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If

2.Iwonderyouwillgoshoppingorstayathome.

A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what

3.Thisishewasoftenlateforschool.

A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether

4.Weallknowthetruththeeartharoundthesun.

A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move

名詞性從句的功能：相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。

Hisjobisimportant.（主語）

Whathedoesisimportant.（主語）

Thisishisjob.（表語）

Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.（表語）

Idon'tlikehisjob.（賓語）

Idon'tlikewhathedoeseveryday.（賓語）

Idon'tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.侗位語）

Idon'tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.（同位語）

得出結(jié)論：因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分為四類，即：主語從句、賓語從句、表

語從句和同位語從句。

PART2

名詞性從句的類型：

1.主語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。連接詞有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,

why等。如：

?heisafamoussingerisknowntous.

?hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.

?she'scomingornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.

?broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.

注意：

1.為避免主語冗長，句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語，主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。

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記住以下it作形式主語的句型：

It'slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat...很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…

It'ssaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說/據(jù)報道...

Itseems/appears/happensthat…顯然、明顯、碰巧...

Ifsbeenannounced/declaredthat...已經(jīng)通知/宣布...

Ifsnowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑...

It'sapity/afact/acommonknowledge（眾所周知）/acommonsaying（俗話說）that...

?Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

?Itremainsaquestionwecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.

A.howB.thatC.whenD.what

?Itisknowntouswherethereispollution,thereisharm.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that

2.單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用句單數(shù)形式；如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語作

主語，謂語動詞則視情況而定。

Whenandwherehewasbornhasn'tbeenfound.

Whenhewasbornandwherehewasbornhaven'tbeenfound.

Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.

Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.

Exercises:

?,makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.

A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever

?Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.

A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How

?It'snotclearwasresponsiblefortheaccident.

A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That

?intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mail

account.

A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires

2.表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,

whose;when,where,how,why,because等。如：

?Theproblemiswedidn'tgetintouchwithhim.

?ThisisHenrysolvedtheproblem.

?Hissuggestioniswe（should）finishtheworkatonce.

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?Itlookeditwasgoingtorain.

?Thereasonwedidn'ttrusthimishehasoften

lied.注意：

1.如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名詞時,后面弓|導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+

動詞原形,should可省略。

他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.

2.Thereasonisthat....的理由是,...的原因是…

Thereasonhewaslateagainwashewascaughtinthetrafficjam.

ThereasonIhavetogoismymotherisillinbed.

A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because

3.Itisbecause...這是因為…

Exercises:

?Thisisshewasborn.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what

?Thequestioniswecan'tgotheretoday.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when

?Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressishehasneverwastedhistime.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what

?Myadviceisthatheschoolbybike.

A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto

?shecouldn?tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.

A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that

?Energyismakesthingswork.

A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything

3.賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;

when,where,how,why等。如：

⑴V+賓語從句，即“動賓”：

Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?/I

reallydon'tknowwhatheisdoing.

?Ijustdon'tunderstandthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasone

mightexpect.

A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis

?—Don'tyoubelieveme?

—,Iwillbelieveyousay.

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A.No;whateverB.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever

?"Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?99"TheyalwaysletmedoIthink

Ishould.

A.whenB.thatC.howD.what

⑵prep+賓語從句，即“介賓”:

He'spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.

?Iwishtohaveafriendwithsharesmyhobbiesandinterests.

A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyone

?Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

?Itwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.

A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever

(3)adj+賓語從句,即“形賓”:

I'msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.

不能誤將“It+be+adj+that”的主語從句當(dāng)成賓語從句.

如：ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.

注意：

(1)whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。

①賓語從句是否定句時，只用if,不用whethero

Iwonderifitdoesn,train.

②用if會引起誤解，就要用whethero

Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(如果把whether改成if,容易當(dāng)成條件句理解)

③賓語從句中的whether與ornot直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換成if。

Idon'tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.

Idon'tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.

④介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether可與不定式連用，構(gòu)成whethertodo結(jié)構(gòu)。

whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。但引星

條件從句日寸，只有花用if,而不育花用whether。

Theydon?tknowwhethertogothere.

Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.

Exercises:

?Iaskedhershehadabike.

?wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

?We'reworriedaboutheissafe.

?Idon'tknowheiswellornot.

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?Idon'tknowornotheiswell.

?Thequestionisheshoulddoit.

?Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestiontheoldmanwillrecoversoon.

(2)如果賓語從句是由that引導(dǎo)，and或but連接的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句，那么只有第一個

that可以省略，第二個或第二個以后的that不能省略.

Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.

Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.

如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，就用it作形式賓語，將賓語從句后置，并且that不可以省略.

Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.

IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.

WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.

(3)表示“建議，命令，要求”的賓語從句，$0advise,suggest,order,request,require,demand等，從句

用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形,should可省略。

(4)在“主語+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，其否定形式要用否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即主句否定，從

句肯定。

Idon'tthinkhewillcome.

Idon'tthinkI'lltroubleyouagain.

Idon'texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.

⑸賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：

a.如果主句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài).他

相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的.Hebelieves.

b.請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么.Pleasetellme.

b.如果主句謂語是一般過去時，從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài)，但如果從句表達的是客觀事實、真

理、自然規(guī)律等時，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。

他告訴我他正在為考試做準備.Hetoldme.

他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。Hetoldme.

老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的.Theteachertoldus.

Exercises:

?DoyouseeImean?

A.thatB./C.howD.what

?Tellmeisonyourmind.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why

?Wemuststicktowehaveagreedon.

A.whatB.thatC./D.how

?Letmesee

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A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whetherIcanrepairtheradio

C.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradio

?Keepinmind.

A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersay

C.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid

4.同位語從句：在復(fù)合句中起同位語的作用。一般放在名詞idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；

news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。常用that,whether,who,

whom,when,where,why,how,which等引導(dǎo)（whose和which不弓［導(dǎo)同位語從句）

?Weallknowthetruththeearthgoesroundthesun.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether

?Weheardthenewsourteamhadwon.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where

?Theproblemitisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.

A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if

?TheyexpressedthehopetheywouldcomeovertoChina.

A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when

?Thefacthedidn'tseeTomyesterdayistrue.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what

注意：

1.名詞suggestion,advice,order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形,should可省略。

a.Thesuggestionthatheatthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.

A.wasputforwardB.putforward

C.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforward

b.ThesuggestionthatwetopicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.

AwentB.wouldgoC.goD.wereallowedtogo

2.同位語從句有時沒有緊跟在名詞后面，而是被別的詞分開，稱為隔裂式同位語從句。

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

WordcamethatTomwouldgoabroad.

?Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether

?There9safeelinginmewe911neverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.

A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what

?Itremainsaquestionwecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.

A.howB.thatC.whenD.what

?Dandyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.

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A.whoB.thatC.asD.which

3.如何判斷同位語從句和定語從句？

a.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定

語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分，充當(dāng)賓語成分時可省略。

b.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that

在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用，無具體含義,且不可省略.

五.名詞性從句的考點歸納：

1.名詞性從句的語序：

a.That+陳述句：Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

—Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.

—itmademenearlymad.

A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak

b.疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述語序，不能用一般疑問句語序，即“疑問詞+句子的剩余成分”。

Idon'tknowwhenhewillgotoNanjing./Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.

a.Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

b.Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()

2.表示“建議，命令，要求”的名詞性從句，$D(suggest)suggestion,(advise)advice,order,request,demand

等，要用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形，should可省略。

3.that可省略的情況：單個賓語從句中的that可省略

that不可省略的情況：主語從句

表語從句

同位語從句

用it做形式賓語的賓語從句

并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的

引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略

?Idon'tthinksheiscoming.

?Itisapityhehasmadesuchamistake.

?Thereasonisheiscareless.

?Thenewsourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

?Idon'tthinkitnecessaryyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.

?Hetoldmehisfatherhaddiedandhehadtomakealivingalone.

4.關(guān)于whether與if的使用:

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?Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutismymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdisease

soon.

A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why

?Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectanditisroughorsmooth.

A.不填B.whetherC.howD.what

?Thequestionisthefilmisworthseeing.

A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how

?hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.

A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif

Exercise:

?我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。

weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.

?我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。

Idon'tknowbroketheglassyesterday.

?我不知道他長的什么樣子。

Ihavenoideahelookslike.

?這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。

ThisisIleftmyglasses.

指出帶下劃線的從句屬于名詞性從句中的哪一種？

1.Whathewantsisabook.

2.Itissonicethatwecnnleamthisgrammarpointtogether.

3.TmsogladthatIcanmakefriendswithyou.

4.Thisiswhyhedidit.

5.Doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe(should)haveatripinTibet?

6.Thathewantsabookiscertain.

7.1suggestedjustnoww」(should)takepartinthiscompetition.

8.Whetheryoulikehimornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.

9.Hedoesn'tknowwhetheryoucansingitwell.

10.Theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell.

1l.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotbeendecided.

12.Pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris.

判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句？

1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.

3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.

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4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.

5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.

6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.

7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.

8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.

9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?

10.1wonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.

相關(guān)練習(xí)：

1.1havenoideahewillcomeback.

A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that

2.Thenewssurprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.

A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how

3.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.

A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat

4.WordhascomesomeAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.

A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which

5.Theyreceivedorderstheworkbedoneatonce.

A.whichB.whenC./D.that

6.Ican'tunderstandisshewantstochangehermind.

A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because

7.1havetheinformation_______.

A.ofwhatheUlcomesoonB.thathe'llcomesoon

C.ofthathe'11comesoonD.hiscomingsoon

8.—CanIhelpyou?

—Yes,doyouknow______?

A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebus

C.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes

9.Hemadeapromise_______anyonesethimfr